Habilidades gimnásticas y acrobáticas. Aproximación conceptual

Terminología básica sobre las habilidades gimnásticas y acrobáticas, sus diferentes ámbitos de aplicación y los posibles recursos materiales utilizados para su desarrollo

Gender Differences in the Level of Achievement of Gymnastic and Acrobatic Skills

Physical education should provide the opportunities to progressively integrate motor tasks with different levels of complexity from early ages to adolescence. The objective of this research was to analyze gender differences in the level of achievement of basic acrobatic skills of students of physical activity sciences in their non-university stages. This cross-sectional study with descriptive design was carried out with a total of 675 first-year Spanish university students distributed over eight academic years. An initial test of two acrobatic skills was performed. The instruments used for data collection were a video camera and observation templates. The SPSS 26.0 computer program was used for data analysis. The main results show a poor and insufficient level of technical achievement by both genders, but more pronounced for men. The most deficient phases were those related to extension movements of different segments of the body and movements that require coordination and stability in the descent phases of acrobatics, and men were less flexible in both phases. Non-university training of the content associated with basic gymnastic and acrobatic skills is being deficient within the subject of physical education with a downward trend of not only the development of sports skills but also of physical abilities such as flexibility and strength

Diagnosis and trend in the acquisition of gymnastic and acrobatic skills in high school

The teaching of sports skills present in most physical education programs in Secondary Education, including gymnastic and acrobatic skills, provides multiple benefits to students in training such as the development of postural control, the improvement of stability skills, general coordination, fundamental movement skills, as well as locomotor and object control skills, among others. In this line, the aim of this study was to analyze, the level achieved by Spanish first-year university students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences in executing two basic acrobatic skills after their previous stages of training. Therefore, in this research a cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective study was developed, where through an initial evaluation of 675 first-course university students distributed over eight academic years (from the academic year 2010-2011 to the academic year 2017-2018 included), the trend of the level of execution of two basic acrobatic skills acquired was determined. The results demonstrated an insufficient level of technical achievement and physical deficiencies. The stability and body orientation of students performing basic skill were lacking, and the most deficient muscle actions were those associated with the folding and deployment of the legs, and the absence of arm–trunk–leg alignment was also observed. This study determined that in the stages of previous training, the contents associated with basic gymnastic and acrobatic skills could be underdeveloped in the curricula of physical education. These findings reflect the need to reinforce both the specific initial training and in-service training of physical education teachers to guarantee effective acquisition of motor learning and, specifically, of basic gymnastic skills

Missing Opportunities for Gymnastics Learning: Voices of Secondary Education Physical Education Teachers

Esta investigación se centra en analizar las causas de la fragilidad de los aprendizajes gimnásticos en el currículo de Educación Física en Educación Secundaria. Considerando que este hecho incide de forma desfavorable en la educación integral del alumnado, este estudio identifica las problemáticas que condicionan las lagunas en dichos aprendizajes. Para ello, se examinan las experiencias de 50 profesores sobre la formación universitaria recibida en la rama de habilidades gimnásticas y acrobáticas, las dificultades para implementar estos aprendizajes y las propuestas para optimizar su labor profesional. La metodología empleada es cualitativa y se ha utilizado el software AQUAD 6 para el análisis de los datos. Los resultados evidencian que los participantes han tenido un insuficiente conocimiento gimnástico en su formación inicial y una posterior falta de oportunidades de desarrollo profesional. Asimismo, otras dificultades percibidas están motivadas por las disposiciones negativas de los estudiantes hacia la práctica gimnástica. Los planteamientos de mejora de los profesores están enfocados a la resolución de dichas problemáticas. El profesorado demanda una formación universitaria más sólida y un desarrollo profesional específico como medio para resolver las dificultades metodológicas y contextuales percibidas. Conocer sus propuestas puede contribuir a implementar nuevos modelos de formación inicial y continua.This research focuses on the reasons behind the fragility of gymnastics in the Physical Education curriculum in Secondary Schools. As this has a negative effect on the integral education of pupils, our study identifies the problems which lead to gaps in the learning of this subject. We examine the experiences of 50 participant-teachers as regards their university training in the area of gymnastics and acrobatics skills, their difficulties when putting knowledge into practice, and their suggestions for optimizing teaching. The methodology used is qualitative, and AQUAD 6 software has been employed to analyse the data. The results show that gymnastics knowledge acquired by the participants during initial training is inadequate, and that subsequently there is a lack of professional development. In addition, there are further difficulties caused by the negative attitude of pupils towards doing gymnastics. Teachers’ suggestions for improvement focus on solving the aforementioned problems. They demand better university training and specific professional development in order to resolve the methodological and contextual difficulties perceived. Knowledge of their proposals may contribute to the implementation of new models of initial and continuous training

The School Violence in the Coexistence Programs of the Spanish Educational System

One of the great problems of Spanish education is the increase in conflict and violence inside and outside schools. The Spanish educational administration, in order to reduce and eradicate these problems, has implemented coexistence programs in schools, which have not had the expected results. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the integration of school violence in the coexistence programs that are being implemented in Secondary Education schools in Spain. For this, a sample of N = 806 Spanish schools has been taken. The evaluation matrix of coexistence programs was used, validated through expert judgment; the valuations of the selected items have been operationalized with the Osterlind Method (1989). The reliability of the instrument obtained an Alpha of Cronbach of 0.876 of consistency; the statistical analyzes of the data are carried out with the SPSS 23.0 program. For the evaluation of the coexistence programs, the participatory methodology was used (De Miguel, 2009), where 5 experts and 30 student-researchers intervened. The findings show that the coexistence programs, mostly, do not incorporate the prevention or the intervention of the different types of school violence, being only the objectives and the activities related to the behaviors related to the insults, threats, aggressions and vandalism that have presence with acceptable quality criteria, while the objectives and activities linked to the prevention and intervention of bullying, cyberbullying, gender violence, assaults on teachers and staff, child abuse and situations of school violence, which occur outside the school, have very little presence and poor quality criteria

La pertinència educativa de les habilitats gimnàstiques: apreciacions del professorat

Aquesta investigació analitza els valors educatius que identifica el professorat d’educació física en la docència de les habilitats gimnàstiques i acrobàtiques. Addicionalment, indaga quines modalitats gimnàstiques són les més pertinents per a ell pels valors i beneficis que aporten. L’estudi s’emmarca en l’enfocament qualitatiu i s’utilitza el programari AQUAD 6 per a l’anàlisi de les dades. Els resultats evidencien que els participants perceben que les destreses gimnàstiques promouen en l’alumne valors i capacitats personals i socials com l’autoestima, la responsabilitat, la confiança, la cooperació, el treball en equip, entre altres. Els participants identifiquen la gimnàstica acrobàtica o acrosport com la modalitat que ofereix més oportunitats de desenvolupament de capacitats en l’aprenentatge dels estudiants. Les reflexions del professorat poden contribuir a la necessària conscienciació per tal d’impedir la desaparició d’aquesta disciplina dels currículums escolars, així com a replantejar la formació inicial específica

Inconsistencies in the curriculum design of educational gymnastics: case study

This research analyses the limitations of gymnastics teaching in Secondary Schools. Considering that this has a negative effect on the global education of pupils, the study investigates, through the voices of the physical education teachers themselves, how the teaching of gymnastics skills is planned and implemented, and the educational changes and new perspectives needed. The methodology employed is qualitative and AQUAD 6 software has been used to analyse the data. The research results show that there is not sufficient reflection during the process of curriculum planning and design and that deliberative educational thought is not significant. In addition, colleagues of the same centre do not seem to share knowledge. Consequently, processes of change are scarce and do not correspond with the reality of the educational context. Knowing the practice of teachers, when designing the curriculum, could contribute to the implementation of new models of professional development and training

La pérdida de oportunidades del aprendizaje gimnástico: las voces del profesorado de Educación Física de Educación Secundaria

This research focuses on the reasons behind the fragility of gymnastics in the Physical Education curriculum in Secondary Schools. As this has a negative effect on the integral education of pupils, our study identifies the problems which lead to gaps in the learning of this subject. We examine the experiences of 50 participant-teachers as regards their university training in the area of gymnastics and acrobatics skills, their difficulties when putting knowledge into practice, and their suggestions for optimizing teaching. The methodology used is qualitative, and AQUAD 6 software has been employed to analyse the data. The results show that gymnastics knowledge acquired by the participants during initial training is inadequate, and that subsequently there is a lack of professional development. In addition, there are further difficulties caused by the negative attitude of pupils towards doing gymnastics. Teachers’ suggestions for improvement focus on solving the aforementioned problems. They demand better university training and specific professional development in order to resolve the methodological and contextual difficulties perceived. Knowledge of their proposals may contribute to the implementation of new models of initial and continuous training.Esta investigación se centra en analizar las causas de la fragilidad de los aprendizajes gimnásticos en el currículo de Educación Física en Educación Secundaria. Considerando que este hecho incide de forma desfavorable en la educación integral del alumnado, este estudio identifica las problemáticas que condicionan las lagunas en dichos aprendizajes. Para ello, se examinan las experiencias de 50 profesores sobre la formación universitaria recibida en la rama de habilidades gimnásticas y acrobáticas, las dificultades para implementar estos aprendizajes y las propuestas para optimizar su labor profesional. La metodología empleada es cualitativa y se ha utilizado el software AQUAD 6 para el análisis de los datos. Los resultados evidencian que los participantes han tenido un insuficiente conocimiento gimnástico en su formación inicial y una posterior falta de oportunidades de desarrollo profesional. Asimismo, otras dificultades percibidas están motivadas por las disposiciones negativas de los estudiantes hacia la práctica gimnástica. Los planteamientos de mejora de los profesores están enfocados a la resolución de dichas problemáticas. El profesorado demanda una formación universitaria más sólida y un desarrollo profesional específico como medio para resolver las dificultades metodológicas y contextuales percibidas. Conocer sus propuestas puede contribuir a implementar nuevos modelos de formación inicial y continua

Technologies and self-assessment as strategies for collaborative gymnastic learning

The acrosport is an ideal content to work in physical education classes due to its cooperative and integrating characteristics and the multiple benefits it can bring to the students. The aim of this research is to analyze the perception of 81 students of High School after carrying out an acrosport unit using the technologies and involving the students in the evaluation process. For this, a qualitative methodology with descriptive character was used. The instrument for the collection data was the semi-structured interview where questions were addressed about the benefits and difficulties encountered in the development of the unit, as well as about the usefulness perceived by adolescents of the use of video during the development of the unit and self-evaluation. The qualitative data were coded according to the narrative content of the students and analysed with the AQUAD 7 programme. The results show that the students perceive benefits in terms of enjoyment and companionship in this practice. Regarding the difficulties encountered, the lack of time and the specific requirements for the development of this modality are the most outstanding aspects. Furthermore, the student’s value positively the use of video in the acrosport classes and the self-evaluation supported by rubrics. In this way, the practice of acrosport contributes numerous affective-social benefits, concluding in addition, that the use of the video and the inclusion of the students in the evaluation allow them to be participants of their teaching-learning process, being able to contribute to the formation of more critical and autonomous people

A imagem dos professores de educação física de alunos de duas universidades

This study analyses the image that students of initial physical education teacher education (PETE) from two different universities (University of Alicante- UA, Spain, and Central University of Ecuador-UCE) have of physical education teachers. This qualitative and comparative study uses a metaphorical approach. Qualitative methodology was used to analyse the participating students metaphors in order to explore whether or not they suit the current learning and teaching perspectives in the field of Physical Education, and whether the images conveyed any differences between universities due to the influence of the context in the Physical Education teacher image and in gender stereotypes. A total of 190 students participated in the study (n= 105 men; n= 85 women). The software AQUAD 7 was used to process the data. The results showed that there were no obvious gender differences that keep women away from physical activity. As well as not excessive differences due to the different context of the participants.Este estudo analisa a imagem que alunos de educação inicial de professores de educação física de duas universidades diferentes (Universidade de Alicante - UA, Espanha e Universidade Central do Equador - UCE) possuem professores de educação física. Este estudo qualitativo e comparativo utiliza uma abordagem metafórica. A metodologia qualitativa foi utilizada para analisar as metáforas dos alunos participantes, a fim de explorar se elas se adequam ou não às perspectivas atuais de aprendizagem e ensino no campo da Educação Física, e se as imagens transmitiram alguma diferença entre as universidades devido à influência do contexto na imagem do professor de Educação Física e nos estereótipos de gênero. Um total de 190 alunos participaram do estudo (n= 105 homens; n= 85 mulheres). O software AQUAD 7 foi utilizado para processar os dados. Os resultados mostraram que não havia diferenças de gênero óbvias que afastassem as mulheres da atividade física. Assim como não há diferenças excessivas devido ao contexto diferente dos participantes