Simulating FRSN P Systems with Real Numbers in P-Lingua on sequential and CUDA platforms

Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking Neural P systems (FRSN P systems, for short) is a variant of Spiking Neural P systems incorporating fuzzy logic elements that make it suitable to model fuzzy diagnosis knowledge and reasoning required for fault diagnosis applications. In this sense, several FRSN P system variants have been proposed, dealing with real numbers, trapezoidal numbers, weights, etc. The model incorporating real numbers was the first introduced [13], presenting promising applications in the field of fault diagnosis of electrical systems. For this variant, a matrix-based algorithm was provided which, when executed on parallel computing platforms, fully exploits the model maximally parallel capacities. In this paper we introduce a P-Lingua framework extension to parse and simulate FRSN P systems with real numbers. Two simulators, implementing a variant of the original matrix-based simulation algorithm, are provided: a sequential one (written in Java), intended to run on traditional CPUs, and a parallel one, intended to run on CUDAenabled devices.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012-3743

On a property of Lorenz curves with monotone elasticity and its application to the study of inequality by using tax data

The Lorenz curve is the most widely used graphical tool for describing and comparing inequality of income distributions. In this paper, we show that the elasticity of this curve is an indicator of the effect, in terms of inequality, of a truncation of the income distribution. As an application, we consider tax returns as equivalent to the truncation from below of a hypothetical income distribution. Then, we replace this hypothetical distribution by the income distribution obtained from a general household survey and use the dual Lorenz curve to anticipate this effect

Cochlear Implant in Single-Sided Deafness Children and Adults

Binaural hearing in humans ensures our effective communication as it improves the sound localization, the speech understanding in noise, the spatial awareness, the listening easiness, and the development of spoken language. The majority of the literature on patients with single-sided deafness and cochlear implantation involves adult patients; the cochlear implant is a viable and cost-effective treatment option for this population. So in this chapter, we will emphasize the importance of early treatment of unilateral hearing loss in the pediatric age and the emerging indication of the cochlear implant as a treatment

Parallel simulation of Population Dynamics P systems: updates and roadmap

Population Dynamics P systems are a type of multienvironment P systems that serve as a formal modeling framework for real ecosystems. The accurate simulation of these probabilisticmodels, e.g. with Direct distribution based on Consistent Blocks Algorithm, entails large run times. Hence, parallel platforms such as GPUs have been employed to speedup the simulation. In 2012, the first GPU simulator of PDP systems was presented. However, it was able to run only randomly generated PDP systems. In this paper, we present current updates made on this simulator, involving an input modu le for binary files and an output module for CSV files. Finally, the simulator has been experimentally validated with a real ecosystem model, and its performance has been tested with two high-end GPUs: Tesla C1060 and K40.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012-37434Junta de Andalucía P08-TIC-0420

Parallel Simulation of PDP Systems: Updates and Roadmap

PDP systems are a type of multienvironment P systems, which serve as a formal modeling framework for Population Dynamics. The accurate simulation of these probabilistic models entails large run times. Hence, parallel platforms such as GPUs has been employed to speedup the simulation. In 2012 [14], the rst GPU simulator of PDP systems was presented. In this paper, we present current updates made on this simulator, and future developments to consider.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012-3743

Gaia Data Release 3: Mapping the asymmetric disc of the Milky Way

Context. With the most recent Gaia data release, the number of sources with complete 6D phase space information (position and velocity) has increased to well over 33 million stars, while stellar astrophysical parameters are provided for more than 470 million sources, and more than 11 million variable stars are identified. Aims. Using the astrophysical parameters and variability classifications provided in Gaia DR3, we selected various stellar populations to explore and identify non-axisymmetric features in the disc of the Milky Way in configuration and velocity space. Methods. Using more about 580 000 sources identified as hot OB stars, together with 988 known open clusters younger than 100 Myr, we mapped the spiral structure associated with star formation 4−5 kpc from the Sun. We selected over 2800 Classical Cepheids younger than 200 Myr that show spiral features extending as far as 10 kpc from the Sun in the outer disc. We also identified more than 8.7 million sources on the red giant branch (RGB), of which 5.7 million have line-of-sight velocities. This later sample allows the velocity field of the Milky Way to be mapped as far as 8 kpc from the Sun, including the inner disc. Results. The spiral structure revealed by the young populations is consistent with recent results using Gaia EDR3 astrometry and source lists based on near-infrared photometry, showing the Local (Orion) Arm to be at least 8 kpc long, and an outer arm consistent with what is seen in HI surveys, which seems to be a continuation of the Perseus arm into the third quadrant. The subset of RGB stars with velocities clearly reveals the large-scale kinematic signature of the bar in the inner disc, as well as evidence of streaming motions in the outer disc that might be associated with spiral arms or bar resonances. A local comparison of the velocity field of the OB stars reveals similarities and differences with the RGB sample. Conclusions. This cursory study of Gaia DR3 data shows there is a rich bounty of kinematic information to be explored more deeply, which will undoubtedly lead us to a clearer understanding of the dynamical nature of the non-axisymmetric structures of the Milky Way

Disfagia progresiva en un adulto mayor por hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa. Caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica

[ES] Introducción y objetivo: La hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa o enfermedad de Forestier Rotes Querol en una enfermedad no inflamatoria producida por la calcificación y osificación del ligamento vertebral común anterior generalmente a nivel torácico, siendo su aparición a nivel cervical extremadamente rara. Presentamos un caso de disfagia progresiva producida por esta enfermdad a nivel cervical. Descripción del caso: Varón de 70 años con parestesias hipofaríngeas, disfagia progresiva y tos de larga evolución. La laringoscopia indirecta objetiva una neoformación submucosa en línea media de pared faríngea posterior a nivel de supraglotis que ocupa el 50% de la luz de la hipofaringe. El estudio de imagen revela osificación del ligamento vertebral común anterior. Discusión: La hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa, descrita por primera vez en 1950 por Forestier et al, es una enfermedad no inflamatoria producida por la calcificación del ligamento vertebral común anterior. Aunque es idiopática, se han descrito como predisponentes factores mecánicos, metabólico- dietéticos y la herencia. Típicamente afecta a la región dorsal baja, siendo la afectación cervical, como en este caso, excepcional. Suele diagnosticarse como un hallazgo casual. En el área ORL se ha descrito su presentación como disfagia progresiva en la mayoría de los casos, aunque existen otras formas de presentación como la disnea, apnea obstructiva del sueño o neumonías aspirativas. El tratamiento es en principio conservador, reservando el tratamiento quirúrgico en el área ORL para los casos de disfagia extrema. Conclusión: La enfermedad de Forestier debe considerarse dentro del diagnóstico diferencial ante un paciente de edad avanzada con una tumoración submucosa. [EN] Introduction and objective: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis or Forestier Rotes Querol disease is a non inflammatory disease caused by ossification and calcification of cervical anterior longitudinal ligament. It usually affects thoracic region, being cervical affectation extremely rare. It is presented the case of progressive dysphagia due to cervical affection by this entity. Case description: 70 years male with hypopharyngeal paresthesias, progressive dysphagia and cough of long duration. Indirect laryngoscopy shown a submucosal neoformation in posterior pharyngeal wall at supraglottic level that occupies 50% of the lumen. The imaging study revealed ossification of common anterior vertebral ligament. Discussion: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hiperostosis, first described in 1950 by Forestier et al, is a non inflammatory disease caused by cervical anterior longitudinal ligament calcification. Although idiopathic, it has been described as predisposing mechanical, metabolic, dietetic and heredity factors. Typically affects the lower dorsal region, being cervical involvement, as in this case, outstanding. It is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding. In the ENT area it is typically presented as progressive dysphagia, although there are other symptoms such as dyspnea, obstructive sleep apnea or aspiration pneumonia. Treatment is conservative, leaving surgery for extreme dysphagia cases. Conclusion: Forestier 's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a patient of advanced age with a submucosal tumor of firm consistency that mark on the posterior pharyngeal wall

Gaia Early Data Release 3 The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio–optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results. Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13–21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 µas yr−1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution

A citizen experience of media reform. The framed/ unframed awards to journalism in Spain

Los Premios Enfocados/Desenfocados al Periodismo en España son una iniciativa orientada a que la ciudadanía evalúe qué medios, periodistas y programas/secciones desarrollan una cobertura informativa adecuada o inadecuada en relación con los derechos humanos, el bienestar de las poblaciones, el cuidado del medio ambiente, o la lucha contra la desigualdad en todos los órdenes (género, etnia, clase social, etc.). El artículo detalla las principales características de la propuesta e incide en la descripción de su ideario, metodologías, resultados y desafíos tras las dos primeras ediciones (2013, 2014). Promovidos por una coalición de ONGD, sindicatos de periodistas y grupos de investigación de universidades públicas, los galardones suponen un proyecto de fiscalización ciudadana del sistema de medios desde ideales como el derecho a la comunicación y el fomento de un periodismo equitativo, plural y responsable.The Framed/Unframed Journalism Awards to Journalism in Spain allow citizens evaluate which media, journalists and programs/sections offer a fair or an unfair coverage regarding human rights, the welfare of populations, environmental protection and the fight against inequality in all spheres (gender, ethnicity, social class, etc.). The paper describes the main features of this project, as well as approaches its philosophy, methodology, results and main challenges after its first two editions (2013, 2014). Promoted by a coalition of NGOs for development, journalistic unions, and research groups from public universities, the awards remain a citizen accountability project towards the improvement of the media system, from such ideals as the right to communicate and the enhancement of a rigorous, plural and responsible journalism

The role of the direction in tissue P systems with cell separation

Tissue P systems with cell separation where the communication among cells is performed by means of symport and antiport rules are able to efficiently solve computationally hard problems in a feasible time by a space-time trade off. Symport and antiport rules formally capture the cases where a number of chemical substances pass through a membrane at the same time, with the help of each other, either in the same direction (symport) or in opposite directions (antiport). The present paper investigates the role of the direction in communication rules from a computational complexity point of view. More precisely, the efficiency of tissue P systems with cell separation is analyzed in the case when their communication rules are all of the same type: either symport rules or antiport rules. The main result is that in the framework of tissue P systems with cell separation, passing from using only symport rules to using only antiport rules amounts to passing from non-efficiency to efficiency, assuming that P ≠ NP.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012-37434Junta de Andalucía P08 – TIC 0420