La conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral

La incorporación de la mujer al mundo del trabajo ha supuesto un cambio significativo en la concepción del mismo, en su consideración social y sus estructuras jurídicas. La integración en plano de igualdad se ha visto jalonada de múltiples obstáculos. La historia de las repercusiones jurídicas de la incorporación de la mujer al mundo del trabajo ha pasado por tres etapas claramente diferenciadas. La primera se caracteriza por su protección, en razón al fenómeno biológico de la maternidad y la penosidad de determinados trabajos considerados 'incompatibles con la condición femenina'. La segunda, por impedir cualquier tipo de discriminación por razón de sexo en el acceso al empleo. La tercera, en la que nos encontramos, por potenciar definitivamente su incorporación al mundo del empleo, favoreciendo su contratación en plenas condiciones de igualdad con los varones, y conciliando esta incorporación con la atención a otros ámbitos tradicionalmente femeninos, intentando conseguir que el fenómeno de la maternidad y sus derivaciones no sólo no sea un obstáculo para el acceso o consolidación del empleo, sino que se convierta, legalmente, en una causa no perjudicial del mismo.The incorporation of women into the world of work has been a significant change in the conception of it, in their social status and their legal structures. Integration on an equal footing has been marked by numerous obstacles. The history of the legal implications of the incorporation of women into the world of work has gone through three distinct stages. The first is characterized by her protection, because the biological phenomenon of motherhood and the arduous nature of certain jobs were considered 'incompatible with the status of women'. The second one, to prevent any type of discrimination based on sex in access to employment. The third, in which we are actually, by enhancing definitely its incorporation into the world of employment, encouraging their recruitment in conditions of complete equality with men, and reconciling this incorporation with the attention to other areas traditionally female, trying to get that the phenomenon of motherhood it’s not a barrier to access or consolidation of the employment

Los vidrios de las "necrópolis de La Meseta": ensayo preliminar de clasificación

Con este trabajo tratamos de reunir todos los datos publicados sobre los ajuares de las necrópolis de "tipo meseta", anteriormente llamadas "del Duero", para su agrupación tipológica basada en criterios formales y funcionales que permiten extraer conclusiones sobre el tipo de ritual presente en los enterramientos. Igualmente se clasifican según las tipologías al uso para ver cual es la inspiración de los vidrios hispanos en esta época que es esencialmente renana, pero también oriental e italiana, con una fuerte impronta local que se manifiesta en la adaptación de lo anterior en modelos propios, así como el mantenimiento de formas antiguas

Ana Marta Guillén and Margarita León (eds), The Spanish Welfare State in European Context., Ashgate Pub Co Publisher Farnhan G.B., 2011

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Deep Neural Networks for the Recognition and Classification of Heart Murmurs Using Neuromorphic Auditory Sensors

Auscultation is one of the most used techniques for detecting cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the main causes of death in the world. Heart murmurs are the most common abnormal finding when a patient visits the physician for auscultation. These heart sounds can either be innocent, which are harmless, or abnormal, which may be a sign of a more serious heart condition. However, the accuracy rate of primary care physicians and expert cardiologists when auscultating is not good enough to avoid most of both type-I (healthy patients are sent for echocardiogram) and type-II (pathological patients are sent home without medication or treatment) errors made. In this paper, the authors present a novel convolutional neural network based tool for classifying between healthy people and pathological patients using a neuromorphic auditory sensor for FPGA that is able to decompose the audio into frequency bands in real time. For this purpose, different networks have been trained with the heart murmur information contained in heart sound recordings obtained from nine different heart sound databases sourced from multiple research groups. These samples are segmented and preprocessed using the neuromorphic auditory sensor to decompose their audio information into frequency bands and, after that, sonogram images with the same size are generated. These images have been used to train and test different convolutional neural network architectures. The best results have been obtained with a modified version of the AlexNet model, achieving 97% accuracy (specificity: 95.12%, sensitivity: 93.20%, PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 score: 0.9416). This tool could aid cardiologists and primary care physicians in the auscultation process, improving the decision making task and reducing type-I and type-II errors.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

Ana Marta Guillén and Margarita León (eds), The Spanish Welfare State in European Context., Ashgate Pub Co Publisher Farnhan G.B., 2011

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NAVIS: Neuromorphic Auditory VISualizer Tool

This software presents diverse utilities to perform the first post-processing layer taking the neuromorphic auditory sensors (NAS) information. The used NAS implements in FPGA a cascade filters architecture, imitating the behavior of the basilar membrane and inner hair cells and working with the sound information decomposed into its frequency components as spike streams. The well-known neuromorphic hardware interface Address-Event-Representation (AER) is used to propagate auditory information out of the NAS, emulating the auditory vestibular nerve. Using the information packetized into aedat files, which are generated through the jAER software plus an AER to USB computer interface, NAVIS implements a set of graphs that allows to represent the auditory information as cochleograms, histograms, sonograms, etc. It can also split the auditory information into different sets depending on the activity level of the spike streams. The main contribution of this software tool is that it allows complex audio post-processing treatments and representations, which is a novelty for spike-based systems in the neuromorphic community and it will help neuromorphic engineers to build sets for training spiking neural networks (SNN).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-0

Recycling of construction and demolition waste generated by building infrastructure for the production of glassy materials

The use of waste materials generated by construction and demolition industry to yield valuable glassy materials, i.e. enamel for glazed ceramic tiles and cellular glasses is presented in this study. Both types of materials are produced by one-step treatment at moderate temperatures after simple waste chemical composition adjust. The enamels are manufactured directly from the initial waste powder by melting, while the expanded materials result from mixing of the vitreous material obtained after waste vitrification with an adequate foaming agent and posterior thermal treatment. Through the manuscript the feasibility of one step production of second generation profit materials is discussed in order to help achieving sustainable development and environmental protectio

Characterising Draught in Mediterranean Multifamily Housing

Social housing dating from the postwar years through the end of the twentieth century is one of the major stores of European cities’ residential stock. As it is generally characterised by a poor thermal performance and an ine cient control of energy consumption, it constitutes one of the main targets for residential heritage renewal. This study aimed to locate and quantify air leaks across building envelopes in Mediterranean multifamily housing with a view to curbing the uncontrolled inflow of outdoor air that has a direct impact on occupant comfort and housing energy demand. Airtightness tests conducted in a series of protocols to quantify draught across envelope elements were supplemented with qualitative infrared thermographic and smoke tests to locate leakage pathways. Air was found to flow mainly across façade enclosures, primarily around openings, as well as through service penetrations in walls between flats and communal areas accommodating electrical and telecommunication wires and water supply, domestic hot water (DHW), and drainage pipes. The general absence of evidence of draught across structural floors or inter-flat partitions was consistent with the construction systems in place