L'Auge de la postproducció audiovisual digital a Espanya: el cas de Filmax (2000-2005)

Aquesta tesi doctoral analitza l'impacte de la digitalització en els processos de postproducció audiovisual a Espanya, i, en especial, a Filmax, grup barceloní independent dedicat a la producció, postproducció, distribució i exhibició de continguts audiovisuals per a la indústria de l'entreteniment, durant el període 2000-2005. A la primera i segona part d'aquest treball estudiem el marc teò - ric de la tecnologia audiovisual des de la fase mecànica fins a la digital, i fem èmfasi en l'última etapa i en els processos de postproducció. A la tercera part examinem la tecnologia audiovisual digital en els mercats internacional i es pa - nyol, i a la quarta part estudiem els processos tecnològics i les estratègies de producció audiovisual digital desenvolupats a Filmax.This doctoral thesis analyzes the impact of digital technologies on the processes of audiovisual postproduction in Spain —especially from 2000 to 2005 at Filmax, an independent Barcelona group dedicated to the production, postproduction, distribution, and exhibition of audiovisual content for the entertainment business. The first and second parts of the thesis describe the theoretical framework of audiovisual technology from the mechanical to the present digit - al developments, with emphasis on the latter and on postproduction processes. The third part examines digital audiovisual technology in the international and Spanish markets. The fourth describes the technological processes and audiovisual production strategies developed at Filmax

Numerical simulation of EHD flows using Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element methods

The aim of this paper is to explore the capability of Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element methods to solve numerically the charge transport equation in EHD convective flows, in both strong and weak injection regimes. These methods are especially suited to treat purely hyperbolic problems, as it is the charge transport equation in most EHD problems. We consider the 2D electroconvective flow between two parallel plates. We compare our com- putations with the analytical results in the hydrostatic regime, the linear and non-linear stability analysis, computing both the electric and velocity fields. The stability of the finite amplitude electroconvection is also anal- ysed. Comparisons are made with computations in the literature obtained with other numerical techniques. The results show that DG-FEM are a very good alternative to simulate numerically EHD convective flows

Thermal and electrohydrodynamic plumes: a compartive study

This paper deals with self similar thermal and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) plumes. The former arises from hot lines or points, whereas the latter arises when sharp metallic contours submerged in non conducting liquids support high electrostatic potential, resulting in charge injection. Although the motive force is buoyancy in one case and Coulomb force in the other, it is shown that the solution for EHD plumes is the same as for thermal plumes in the limit of large Prandtl numbers. We present the analysis of axisymmetric plumes for large values of Prandtl number, and this analysis is subsequently applied to EHD plumes. The validity of the approximations for EHD plumes is discussed in the light of experimental data.Ministerio de ciencia y tecnología PB93-118

Numerical analysis of the stability of the Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) electroconvection between two plates

The time evolution of the problem of Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) convection in a liquid between two plates is analysed numerically. The equations are nondimensionalized using the ion drift velocity and the viscous time scales. Following the non-dimensionalisation of the respective model, two different techniques have been used to describe the charge evolution, namely the Finite-Element Flux-Corrected Transport Method and the Particle-In-Cell technique. The results obtained with the two schemes, apart from showing good agreement, have revealed the appearance of a two-roll structure not described in previous works. This is investigated in detail for both strong and weak injection.Ministerio de ciencia y tecnología FQM-42

Gender roles stereotypes in the workplace

This literary review explores the concepts of gender, sex, stereotype, and gender roles, applied to the workspace. It is important to make the distinction between the first two terms, as they are often confused among people. Besides, this paper is focused on how gender role stereotypes influence all the processes involved in the work areas: from applying to a job, to the opportunities to advance once a person is already working in a company. Given that women are the most affected by these kinds of stereotypes, it has been necessary to study -in a brief way-, some historical moments of women’s struggle to get to the same level as men in every possible aspect in the social context. In conclusion, this paper enabled the identification of gender roles stereotypes and their relevance in the work field in present days; as they lead to prejudices when meeting other people; and the division of professions into masculine and feminine these roles make, affects in a major way people’s job opportunities and career development.Gender roles stereotypes in the workplace Introduction Problem statement Stereotypes, sex and gender Gender roles and workplace History of women’s struggle for equal labor conditions Conclusions References AppendixPregradoProfesional en Lenguas ModernasLenguas Moderna

Dynamics of EHD Laminar Plumes: scaling analysis and integral model

In this paper electrohydrodynamic (EHD) plumes are examined in the region far from the injecting electrode and the collector plate, for both two-dimensional and axisymmetric geometries. The relative importance of the conduction mechanisms (convection, drift and diffusion of electric charge) is analyzed. Diffusion turns out to be negligible compared to convection and drift for the experimental conditions. But the transverse drift (Coulomb repulsion) is of the same order of magnitude than convection. We find a set of three differential equations giving the evolution of the velocity at the center of the plume and the widths of the plume and the charged core inside.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología PB96-137

Influence of processing route and yttria additions on the oxidation behavior of tungsten

This study is for: The Fifteenth International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-15) was held October 16–22, 2011, at the Charleston Marriott Hotel in Charleston, South Carolina (American United States).The oxidation resistance in dry air of pure tungsten and tungsten reinforced with a dispersion of 0.6 wt.% Y₂O₃ nanoparticles has been evaluated between 873 and 1073 K, temperature range that divertor in fusion power plants should endure during long-term times in the case of loss of coolant accident and/or air ingress in the vessel. Both materials were prepared by a powder metallurgy route involving hot isostatic pressing of ball milled tungsten powders and tungsten with dispersed Y₂O₃ nanoparticles. The results have been compared with those of pure tungsten processed by conventional techniques. Thermogravimetric tests at 873 K revealed that the processing route as well as yttria addition considerably affected the oxidation resistance of pure tungsten. Mass gain of W-0.6Y₂O₃ at 873 K was five and two times lower than that of pure tungsten prepared by conventional processing techniques and by powder metallurgy, respectively. This different behavior was related to changes in the structure and composition of the oxide scale. Above 873 K, the kinetics were significantly accelerated for all materials due to the development of a non-protective oxide scale from the earliest oxidation stages, although the kinetics of Y₂O₃-containing material were still the slowest, specially at 973 K. It was analyzed how yttria additions modify the oxidation mechanism of tungsten.Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid through the program ESTRUMAT-CM S2009MAT-1585 and by the Ministerio de Innovación y Ciencia (Project ENE2008-06403-C06-04). The additional subvention from EURATOM/CIEMAT association through contract EFDA WP11-MAT-WWALLOY.Publicad

Oxidation behaviour of tungsten with vanadium additions

The effect of vanadium additions on the oxidation behaviour of tungsten has been evaluated at 600 °C in dry air. Mass gain in V-containing tungsten alloys is practically the same than that of pure tungsten processed by a conventional route. The advantage of vanadium alloying arises from the suppression of periodical microcracking described during the oxidation of pure tungsten, although the scale developed during the initial stages is very porous and it is not an effective barrier for inward oxygen ingress. Further protection is conferred when an outermost dense WO3 layer is formed at the air/scale interface by condensation of volatile W and V oxides, turning the kinetics from linear to parabolic