Contribuições da filosofia de Peter Sloterdijk para os fundamentos da bioética latino-americana

Bioethics as moles that allow ethical reflection from different perspectives is still in the search of its theoretic framework for the Latin-American region. In this exercise have been found epistemological gaps that can be overcome with elements present in Sloterdijk’s works. The article allows the relating of these elements, in rele-vance to the foundation of bioethics in Latin America. The paradigm of the study was comprehensive, focused on the analyses and deepening with respect to the Anthropotechnic categories- process of humanization- and homeotechnic- through the hermeneutic method-. Bioethics founded on the analyzed categories, will avoid the paradigm of modern science from destroying knowledge, the culture of peoples, and Latin American society.La bioética como topos que permite la reflexión ética desde diferentes perspectivas, aún está en búsquedade su marco teórico para la región latinoamericana. En este ejercicio se han encontrado vacíos epistemológicosque pueden ser superados a partir de elementos presentes en la obra de Sloterdijk. El artículo permiterelacionar estos elementos, en la pertinencia de la fundamentación de la bioética en Latinoamérica. Elparadigma del estudio fue el comprensivo, enfocado en el análisis y la profundización respecto a las categoríasantropotécnica -proceso de hominización- y homeotécnica -mediante el método hermenéutico-. Labioética fundamentada en las categorías analizadas, evitará que el paradigma de la ciencia moderna acabecon el saber, la cultura de los pueblos y sociedad latinoamericana.A bioética como topos que permite a reflexão ética, a partir de diferentes perspectivas, ainda está em busca de seu marco teórico para a região latino-americana. Neste exercício, foram encontrados intervalos epistemológicos que podem ser superados com os elementos presentes na obra de Sloterdijk. O artigo permite relacionar estes elemen-tos, com pertinência aos fundamentos da bioética na América Latina. O paradigma do estudo foi o compreensivo, focado na análise e aprofundamento em relação às categorias antropotécnica —processo de humanização— e homeotécnica —por meio do método hermenêutico—. A bioética, fundamentada nas categorias analisadas, evi-tará que o paradigma da ciência moderna acabe com o saber, a cultura dos povos e da sociedade latino-americana

Autonomous technology and its possibility in the tragic

This article aims to identify those elements that make up the current technological advances and they overstep the dimensions of technology proposed by analysts as Pacey and Mitcham, therefore, not possible to understand the phenomenon in its absoluteness and its new complexity. To achieve this, it goes to analize the case of Autonomous Lethal Weapon System (LAWS); it consists of three stages, the first is the exposure of the phenomenon LAWS. A second moment, examines the case in light of the dimensions proposed by Mitcham and Pacey. As an exercise of current situation, and future trends, the article is complemented with a reflection on the new horizon that unfolds, thus allowing the construction of a new technological ontology, an ontology that transcends the human, a transhumanist ontology.Este artículo propone identificar aquellos elementos que componen los actuales avances tecnológicos y que desbordan las dimensiones de la tecnología propuestas por analistas como Pacey y Mitcham, quienes, por tanto, no posibilitan la comprensión del fenómeno en su total y nueva complejidad. Para lograr lo anterior, se analiza el caso de los Sistemas de Armas Autónomas Letales (LAWS); éste consta de tres momentos, el primero, consiste en la exposición del fenómeno LAWS. Un segundo momento, examina el caso a la luz de las dimensiones propuestas por Mitcham y Pacey. Como un ejercicio de la situación actual y tendencias futuras, el artículo se complementa con una reflexión acerca del nuevo horizonte que se despliega, posibilitando así la construcción de una nueva ontología tecnológica, una ontología que trasciende lo humano, una ontología transhumanista

Biomedical and Ontological Transformation of Death Into Sickness

This piece seeks to present some origins of the biomedical transformation and ontological of death -as an ontological determinant- into sickness, a step that will be possible thanks to the advancements in medicine and biotechnology. From that exposition, the contributions of Craig Venter, María Blasco, Raymond Kurzweil, and Nick Bostrom about the control and overcoming of aging, robotic humanizations, and constant improvement of human life limitations in front of its determinant possibility (finitude). Those issues were studied from the philosophical platform that Martin Heidegger expresses in Being and Time, where he understands death as the most proper, irrespective, and unavoidable possibility the Dasein must face. Finally, the problem of death with senescence in its current state is articulated. The article promotes, in conclusion, new propositions to prosecute the characterization of this biomedical and ontological transformation of death -as an ontological determinantinto sickness

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methodology for the Analysis of Regular and Non-Alcoholic Lager Beers

Producción CientíficaThe presence of seven main agents responsible for beer aroma and taste (n-propanol, isobutanol, 3-methylbutanol, tyrosol/tyrosine, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and acetaldehyde) is determined by different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques (1H PRESAT, total correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) in five regular and five low-alcoholic or alcohol-free beers. The new methodology includes the identification of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the analytes by a standard addition method and the consequent identification of the compounds studied in regular and non-alcoholic beers. The chemical composition is different depending on whether the beer is regular or non-alcoholic, therefore affecting the organoleptic characteristics of each type of beer.MINECO (CTQ2013-41067-P)Junta de Castilla y León (VA332A12-2

Real-time gun detection in CCTV: An open problem

Object detectors have improved in recent years, obtaining better results and faster inference time. However, small object detection is still a problem that has not yet a definitive solution. The autonomous weapons detection on Closed-circuit television (CCTV) has been studied recently, being extremely useful in the field of security, counter-terrorism, and risk mitigation. This article presents a new dataset obtained from a real CCTV installed in a university and the generation of synthetic images, to which Faster R-CNN was applied using Feature Pyramid Network with ResNet-50 resulting in a weapon detection model able to be used in quasi real-time CCTV (90 ms of inference time with an NVIDIA GeForce GTX-1080Ti card) improving the state of the art on weapon detection in a two stages training. In this work, an exhaustive experimental study of the detector with these datasets was performed, showing the impact of synthetic datasets on the training of weapons detection systems, as well as the main limitations that these systems present nowadays. The generated synthetic dataset and the real CCTV dataset are available to the whole research community.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2017-82113-C2-1-

Heidegger y la fenomenología de la existencia: una analítica cinematográfica del aburrimiento en la modernidad

This paper presents philosophical perspectives related to the concept of boredom (Langeweile) from the point of view of its forms (“because of…”, “in…”, “one gets bored”) and structural modes (leaving empty spaces and postponing) as developed by Martin Heidegger in his lectures at the University of Freiburg during the winter semesters of 1929 and 1930. We highlight a philosophical stance often overlooked in comparison to more traditional positions in Western philosophical thought—through the proposed hermeneutic-phenomenological processes, this will allow us to interweave their philosophical images with cinematographic narratives that enrich the factual understanding of modernity. For this reason, we assume boredom and its essence, “tediousness” (Langweiligkeit), as the fundamental mood (Grundstimmung) of our era, thus permitting other mobilities of thought that warrant a study of phenomena relating to cultural entertainment as a symptom of the modern disease that distances Dasein from meeting, questioning, and self-care.Este artículo presenta una mirada filosófica al concepto de “aburrimiento” (Langeweile) desde sus formas (“por…”, “en…”, “uno se aburre”) y modos estructurales (dejar vacíos y dar largas), trabajados por Martin Heidegger en sus clases en Universidad de Friburgo durante los semestres de invierno de 1929 y 1930. Rescatamos una postura filosófica marginal a las posiciones tradicionales del pensamiento filosófico occidental, pudiendo, en el tránsito hermenéutico-fenomenológico propuesto, entrecruzar sus imágenes filosóficas con narrativas cinematográficas que enriquezcan la comprensión fáctica de la modernidad. Debido a esto, asumimos el aburrimiento y su esencia, la aburribilidad (Langweiligkeit) como el temple anímico fundamental (Grundstimmung) de nuestra era, permitiendo así otras movilidades de pensamiento para estudiar los fenómenos del entretenimiento cultural y el imperar técnico y tecnológico como síntomas de la enfermedad moderna que pretende alejar al Dasein del encuentro, interrogación y cuidado de sí

Potential of Sentinel-2A Data to Model Surface and Canopy Fuel Characteristics in Relation to Crown Fire Hazard

[EN] Background: Crown fires are often intense and fast spreading and hence can have serious impacts on soil, vegetation, and wildlife habitats. Fire managers try to prevent the initiation and spread of crown fires in forested landscapes through fuel management. The minimum fuel conditions necessary to initiate and propagate crown fires are known to be strongly influenced by four stand structural variables: surface fuel load (SFL), fuel strata gap (FSG), canopy base height (CBH), and canopy bulk density (CBD). However, there is often a lack of quantitative data about these variables, especially at the landscape scale. Methods: In this study, data from 123 sample plots established in pure, even-aged, Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster stands in northwest Spain were analyzed. In each plot, an intensive field inventory was used to characterize surface and canopy fuels load and structure, and to estimate SFL, FSG, CBH, and CBD. Equations relating these variables to Sentinel-2A (S-2A) bands and vegetation indices were obtained using two non-parametric techniques: Random Forest (RF) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Results: According to the goodness-of-fit statistics, RF models provided the most accurate estimates, explaining more than 12%, 37%, 47%, and 31% of the observed variability in SFL, FSG, CBH, and CBD, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the four equations considered, the observed and estimated values of the four fuel variables were used separately to predict the potential type of wildfire (surface fire, passive crown fire, or active crown fire) for each plot, considering three different burning conditions (low, moderate, and extreme). The results of the confusion matrix indicated that 79.8% of the surface fires and 93.1% of the active crown fires were correctly classified; meanwhile, the highest rate of misclassification was observed for passive crown fire, with 75.6% of the samples correctly classified. Conclusions: The results highlight that the combination of medium resolution imagery and machine learning techniques may add valuable information about surface and canopy fuel variables at large scales, whereby crown fire potential and the potential type of wildfire can be classified.SIWe are grateful to the Galician Government and European Social Fund (Official Journal of Galicia DOG n° 52, 17 March 2014, p. 11343, exp: POS-A/2013/049) for financing the postdoctoral research stays of Eduardo González-Ferreiro at different institutions

Las proporciones de la resistencia : Acercamientos a la obra de Javier Sicilia

Esta es una muestra del contenido y el prólogo del libro. Está disponible la versión completa para Kindle de Amazon en https://www.amazon.com.mx/dp/B09J8P6FGZ“Quizá la violencia que padecemos sea la consecuencia de una crisis del lenguaje, de la palabra, del sentido, una crisis nacida de que ya no sabemos escuchar, de que ya no sabemos guardar silencio y, en consecuencia, ya no sabemos el sentido, el contenido de las palabras, que es el mundo de los seres humanos”. —Javier Sicilia En 2019, Carlos González Palacios, Luis Enrique Linares y Miguel Ángel Osuna, profesores del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades de CETYS Universidad, se reunieron con Javier Sicilia para platicar sobre su vida y obra. Esta entrevista se transcribe, y se unen textos de Raúl Fernando Linares, Carlos Mendoza-Álvarez y Enzia Verduchi, que analizan temas recurrentes en su obra poética y narrativa (la espiritualidad, el misticismo), así como sus ideas sobre la protesta y la resistencia a través del silencio. Este título se une a la serie Ideas y Pensadores de Hoy, una colección monográfica dedicada a voces comprometidas desde diferentes ejes axiales de pensar y de obrar.Primera edició

Oligometástasis en cáncer de mama: estrategias y perspectivas para el control local del tumor primario y de las metástasis

El cáncer de mama metastásico, identificado en el momento del diagnóstico o desarrollado tras transcurrir cierto tiempo desde la aparición de la enfermedad primaria, presenta una naturaleza heterogénea. Los resultados obtenidos gracias a los avances farmacológicos nos motivan a explorar la suplementación del tratamiento empleando técnicas de abordaje local. Esta revisión está dirigida a analizar la información disponible en la literatura sobre dos aspectos fundamentales en el cáncer de mama. Por un lado, el control del tumor primario, tanto en la mama como en los ganglios linfáticos locorregionales, y por otro, el control local de las metástasis en función de su localización en los casos de enfermedad oligometastásica. Las principales estrategias para llevar a cabo dicho control local son la cirugía, la radioterapia, incluyendo la radioterapia estereotáctica corporal o la radioterapia de haz externo, y la ablación por radiofrecuencia. Las evidencias discutidas señalan que, a la espera de más resultados procedentes de ensayos controlados aleatorios y de estudios específicos de la enfermedad, las pacientes con oligometástasis deben ser evaluadas por un equipo multidisciplinar. Las metástasis únicas podrían ser candidatas para tratamiento local, cada vez más eficiente, y esto, en combinación con los avances en la terapia sistémica, podría resultar en un mejor control de la enfermedad. Todas estas alternativas deberían presentarse a las pacientes con la finalidad de seleccionar un tratamiento personalizado, con base en la evidencia científica y en las características propias de su enfermedad, que presuponga un resultado más eficaz.Metastatic breast cancer, identified at the time of diagnosis or developed after a certain period since the onset of the primary disease, presents a heterogeneous nature. The results obtained through pharmacological advances encourage us to explore supplementing the treatment using local management techniques. This review aims to analyze the available literature on two fundamental aspects of breast cancer. On the one hand, the control of the primary tumor, both in the breast and in the locoregional lymph nodes, and on the other hand, the local control of metastases depending on their location in cases of oligometastatic disease. The main strategies for carrying out such local control are surgery, radiotherapy, including stereotactic body radiotherapy or external beam radiotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation. The evidence discussed indicates that, pending further results from randomized controlled trials and disease-specific studies, patients with oligometastasis should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. Single metastases could be candidates for local treatment, increasingly efficient, and this, in combination with advances in systemic therapy, could result in better disease control. All these alternatives should be presented to patients with the purpose of selecting a personalized treatment, based on scientific evidence and the unique characteristics of their disease, which presupposes a more effective outcome.AstraZenecaLillyPfizerRoch