Design, governance and management performance of Marine Protectd Areas in the North-East Atlantic Ocean

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento DO*MAR Marine Science, Technology and Management . 564V01[Resumo] A principios do 2013, no Océano Atlántico Nororiental (Inglaterra, Francia, Portugal e España), había 550 Áreas Mariñas Protexidas (AMP) establecidas con gran diversidade de obxectivos. Só 244 destas AMPs tiñan plan de xestión (PdX), e só 151 estaban a ser realmente xestionadas por 66 PdG. Para lograr os seus obxectivos, tres procesos deben funcionar de maneira conxunta e eficiente: deseño e implementación de PdX, gobernanza e desempeño. Nesta tese, realizouse unha análise empírica dos tres procesos e as súas relacións, baseada no coñecemento experto dos xestores sobre o PdX e o desempeño da AMPs. Os resultados mostraron que a gobernanza efectiva é fundamental para o desempeño das AMPs, e non así o deseño e a implementación. Estes resultados contradín estudos previos que mostran que o deseño dos obxectivos e o PdX, xunto coa participación dos usuarios neste proceso, son factores clave para o desempeño das AMPs. A gobernanza necesita mellorar contando con: vixilancia e avaliación rutineiros, maior participación da comunidade na xestión, financiamento estable, un sistema de cumprimento establecido e difusión de resultados rutineira. Un bo deseño e unha implementación adecuada dos PdX teñen un valor limitado no rendemento do AMP.[Resumen] A principios de 2013, en el Océano Atlántico Nororiental (Inglaterra, Francia, Portugal y España) había 550 Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP) establecidas con gran diversidad de objetivos. Solo 244 tenían plan de gestión (PdG), y unicamente 151 estaban siendo gestionadas por 66 PdG. Para lograr sus objetivos, tres procesos deben funcionar de manera conjunta y eficiente: diseño e implementación de PdG, gobernanza y desempeño. En esta tesis, se realizó un análisis empírico de los tres procesos y sus relaciones, basado en el conocimiento experto de los gestores sobre el PdG y el desempeño de las AMPs. Los resultados mostraron que la gobernanza efectiva, y no el diseño y la implementación, es fundamental para el desempeño de las AMP. Estos resultados contradicen estudios previos que muestran que el diseño de los objetivos y el PdG, junto con la participación de los usuarios en este proceso, son factores clave para el desempeño de AMPs. La gobernanza necesita mejorar en tener: monitoreo y evaluación rutinarios, mayor participación de la comunidad en la gestión, financiación estable, un sistema de cumplimiento establecido y difusión de resultados rutinaria. Un buen diseño y una implementación adecuada de los PdG tienen un valor limitado en el rendimiento del AMP.[Abstract] By early 2013, 550 inshore and offshore Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) had been established in the North-East Atlantic Ocean (England, France, Portugal and Spain) to accomplish a wide diversity of objectives. Only 244 of these MPAs had a management plan (MgP), and only 151 were actually managed by 66 MgPs. To achieve their goals, three processes (MgP design and implementation, governance and performance) must work jointly and efficiently in an MPA. In this thesis, an empirical analysis of the three processes and their relationships was performed, based on the expert knowledge of MPA managers about MgP and MPA performance. The results showed that effective governance, rather than design and implementation, is critical for the performance of Atlantic Arc MPAs. These results contradict previous studies showing that objective design, MgP design, and participation of stakeholders in these processes are key factors for MPA performance. The most critical improvements needed in governance are: routine MPA monitoring and assessment, increased community engagement in MPA management, stable funding, established enforcement system and routine dissemination of results. Good design and adequate MgP implementation have a limited value for MPAperformance

New sulfur-phosphine ligands derived from sugars: synthesis and application in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation and in rhodium asymmetric hydrogenation

An efficient route to mixed phosphine / thioglycoside ligands type IV starting from glucose pentaacetate is reported. In only five steps the key epoxide 6 has been obtained in high yield and its structure determined by X-ray analysis. The ring opening of the tert-butyl 4,6-O-benzylidene- 2,3-anhydro-1-thio-β-D-allopyranoside 6 with diphenylphosphinyl lithium afforded the desired ligand as a single diastereoisomer. The prepared compounds act as a bidentate ligands as shown by X-ray analysis of the Rh(I)-complex 12. Preliminary results on the behaviour of these ligands in Pd(0)-catalyzed allylic alkylation, and in Rh(I)-catalyzed enamide hydrogenation are also reported.Dirección General de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CTQ2006- 15515-CO2-01 y CTQ2007-61185Junta de Andalucía P06-FQM-01852 y P07- FQM-2774Fundación Ramón Arece

New sulfur-phosphine ligands derived from sugars: synthesis and application in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkilation and in rhodium asymmetric hydrogenation

14 páginas, 4 figuras, 5 esquemas, 2 tablas.An efficient route to mixed phosphine / thioglycoside ligands type IV starting from glucose pentaacetate is reported. In only five steps the key epoxide 6 has been obtained in high yield and its structure determined by X-ray analysis. The ring opening of the tert-butyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-anhydro-1-thio-β-D-allopyranoside 6 with diphenylphosphinyl lithium afforded the desired ligand as a single diastereoisomer. The prepared compounds act as a bidentate ligands as shown by X-ray analysis of the Rh(I)-complex 12. Preliminary results on the behaviour of these ligands in Pd(0)-catalyzed allylic alkylation, and in Rh(I)-catalyzed enamide hydrogenation are also reported.We thank the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (grant No. CTQ2006-15515-CO2-01 and CTQ2007-61185), the Junta de Andalucía (grant P06-FQM-01852 and P07-FQM-2774), la Fundación Ramón Areces for financial support, and Mr M. Rudkowski for performing preliminary experimental work.Peer reviewe

Role of Lipid, Protein, Carbohydrate and Nucleic Acid As Indicators of the Moulting Cycle of Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus)

ASLO Summer Meeting 2005, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 19-24 June 200

La educación mediática como proyecto educativo. Propuesta metodológica para la educación en valores a través del cine de animación infantil creado en España (destinada a niños de 6 a 10 años)

La presente investigación demuestra cómo el cine se ha convertido en tema principal de estudios académicos que ven en él un elemento capaz de configurar mentalidades y ofrecer modelos de actuación positiva, generando mitos y valores sociales entre los receptores más jóvenes. De forma didáctica, la investigación plantea que la escuela, como lugar de socialización, puede ser un perfecto agente transmisor de valores a través de los medios de comunicación. Para ello se realiza una propuesta metodológica sobre obras de animación españolas con la finalidad de introducirlas como enseñanza curricular innovadora en las escuelas y crear así una herramienta que permita a padres y profesores utilizar de forma práctica los medios de comunicación, en concreto el cine, para educar a los más pequeños.This research demonstrates how the cinema has turned into a principal topic of academic studies, being an element capable of forming mentalities and to offer models of positive performance, generating myths and social values among the youngest recipients. On a didactic way, the research raises that the school, as place of socialization, can be a perfect agent transmitter of values across the mass media. Thus, a methodological proposal is realized on Spanish works of animation, with the purpose of introducing them as an innovative curricular education in the schools and to create a tool that allows parents and teachers to use the mass media in a practical way to educate the young people

Patterns of Sedentary Time and Quality of Life in Women With Fibromyalgia: Cross-Sectional Study From the al-Ándalus Project

Background: Sedentary time (ST) has been associated with detrimental health outcomes in fibromyalgia. Previous evidence in the general population has shown that not only is the total amount of ST harmful but the pattern of accumulation of sedentary behaviors is also relevant to health, with prolonged unbroken periods (ie, bouts) being particularly harmful. Objective: To examine the association of the patterns of ST with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with fibromyalgia and to test whether these associations are independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: A total of 407 women (mean 51.4 years of age [SD 7.6]) with fibromyalgia participated. ST and MVPA were measured with triaxial accelerometry. The percentage of ST accumulated in bouts and the frequency of sedentary bouts of different lengths (>= 10 min, >= 20 min, >= 30 min, and >= 60 min) were obtained. Four groups combining total ST and sedentary bout duration (>= 30 min) were created. We assessed HRQoL using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: A greater percentage of ST spent in all bout lengths was associated with worsened physical function, bodily pain, vitality, social function, and physical component summary (PCS) (all P= 30 min and >= 60 min), physical role (>= 60 min), bodily pain (>= 60 min), and vitality (>= 20 min, >= 30 min, and >= 60 min) (all P<.05). Overall, for different domains of HRQoL, these associations were independent of MVPA for higher bout lengths. Patients with high total ST and high sedentary bout duration had significantly worsened physical function (mean difference 8.73 units, 95% CI 2.31-15.15; independent of MVPA), social function (mean difference 10.51 units, 95% CI 2.59-18.44; not independent of MVPA), and PCS (mean difference 2.71 units, 95% CI 0.36-5.06; not independent of MVPA) than those with low ST and low sedentary bout duration. Conclusions: Greater ST in prolonged periods of any length and a higher frequency of ST bouts, especially in longer bout durations, are associated with worsened HRQoL in women with fibromyalgia. These associations were generally independent of MVPA

CCEDAF: Codificador Combinatorio de Estados para el Diseño de Autómatas Finitos

En esta demostración se presenta el funcionamiento de la herramienta software CCEDAF, orientado a alumnos de Laboratorio de Estructura y Tecnología de Computadores, para facilitarles el diseño de autómatas finitos con un menor número de puertas lógicas. La aplicación CCEDAF (Codificador Combinatorio de Estados para el Diseño de Autómatas Finitos) a partir de la tabla de transiciones del sistema digital, asigna todas las posibles combinaciones de codificación de estados para generar diferentes tablas de excitación, y obtener aquellas combinaciones que requieran un menor número de puertas lógicas