Assessment and simulation of the responsive demand potential in end-user facilities: application to a university customer

Many problems have appeared with the practical implementation of restructured electrical business in the U.S.and European Union such as lack of generation,network constraints,etc. A good example of these problems is the scarce participation of the demand in the electricity markets—energy,reserve,and other ancillary services—problems that could be solved through new de-mand responsive programs,aimed to replace the traditional demand side management programs in to voluntary demand partici-pation programs.A methodology for the generation of demand side bids and ofers in large customer facilities and a real application to a university customer is presented in this paper.The methodology is based on the knowledge of the physical processes involved in the electricity consumption and on the flexibility of there quired supply.The result of the methodology proposed is a set of demand packages that can be used to participate in different electricity markets,whose possibilities- in the market arena — will be explored in a consequent paper.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain through Research Project DPI2001-2779-C02-01

Evaluation and assessment of demand response potential applied to the meat industry

Demand response has proven to be a useful mechanism that produces important benefits for both the customer and the power system. In the context of an increasingly competitive electricity market, where prices are constantly rising and the presence of renewable energy resources is gaining prominence, this paper analyzes the flexibility potential of customers in the meat industry, based on the management of the most energy consuming process in this type of segment: cooling production and distribution. The effectiveness of the proposed actions has been successfully tested and validated in an active factory that produces cured ham in Spain, where savings of about 5% in the total annual cost of electricity have been assessed, together with power reductions in the range of 50% of the total peak demand of the studied facilities. Such results demonstrate the efficacy of these techniques, and they open the door to an innovative perspective on the evaluation of flexibility among customers which are traditionally considered rigid, providing a novel approach to the management of customer infrastructures in order to exploit their flexibility in electricity markets.This work was supported by the Spanish Government (Ministerio Ciencia e Innovacion, MICINN) under Research Project ENE2007-67771-C02-01&02/CON.Alcázar Ortega, M.; Álvarez Bel, CM.; Escrivá Escrivá, G.; Domijan, A. (2012). Evaluation and assessment of demand response potential applied to the meat industry. Applied Energy. 92:84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.040S84919

Communications for Exploiting Flexible Resources in the Framework of Smart Grids in Islands

Although being among the least responsible for climate change, islands are in great threat due to it. The decarbonisation of the power system arises as a key factor to ensure adaptation and mitigation to it. Islands\u27 characteristics make renewable electrification a challenge. Most islands are isolated systems with low levels of inertia that require stability for ensuring security of supply. Therefore, the potential of smart grids and flexible resources must be fully exploited to ensure a viable integration of renewable energy sources. In this vein, it is necessary to evolve the system including demand response, batteries and electric transport to increase the share of renewables. However, all these elements require a reliable communication architecture to be deployed. A communication architecture is hereby presented and applied to Galapagos for exploiting flexible resources. Different protocols have been selected to interoperate flexible resources integrated on the system. Each of them tries for each application to standardise and ensure the largest functionalities available. The deployment of smart grids in islands can reduce their carbon footprint as it is validated with a case study in Santa Cruz, Galapagos. This system proves to ensure the energy balance in a viable way, in technical, economic and environmental terms

Utilización de Microsoft EXCEL en la enseñanza de sistemas eléctricos de potencia: desarrollo de un método matricial para la resolución del problema de despacho económico

[EN] The realization of lab practices in electrical power system requires the use of simulation programs, given the impossibility of performing field practices in many cases since experimenting with real electrical systems is unfeasible in many cases. However, the use of this kind of programs requires the purchase of expensive licenses and the specific learning of the use of each of them by students. This article makes evident the suitability of programs like Microsoft EXCEL, easily accessible and familiar to students, for the development of practices related to electrical power systems. In particular, a method for the systematic resolution of the economic dispatch problem is illustrated by means of a matrix method that can be easily implemented in a spreadsheet.[ES] La realización de prácticas de sistemas eléctricos de potencia requiere de la utilización de programas de simulación, dada la imposibilidad de realizar enmuchos casos prácticas de campo por la inviabilidad de experimentar consistemas eléctricos reales. Sin embargo, la utilización de dichos programasrequiere la compra de costosas licencias y el aprendizaje específico de lautilización de cada uno de ellos por parte del alumno. Este artículo evidenciala idoneidad de programas como Microsoft EXCEL, fácilmente accesibles ycon los que los alumnos están familiarizados, para la realización de prácticasrelacionadas con los sistemas eléctricos de potencia. En particular, se ilustraun método para la resolución sistemática del problema de despachoeconómico utilizando un método matricial de resolución de ecuacioneslineales que puede ser fácilmente implementado en una hoja de cálculo.Alcázar Ortega, M.; Álvarez Bel, CM. (2018). Utilización de Microsoft EXCEL en la enseñanza de sistemas eléctricos de potencia: desarrollo de un método matricial para la resolución del problema de despacho económico. En IN-RED 2018. IV Congreso Nacional de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1077-1090. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2018.2018.8562OCS1077109

Herramienta de evaluación continua basada en problemas personalizados de corrección automática: análisis de su implantación en la asignatura “Mercados Energéticos”

[EN] The strategies for learning of technical teaching are based, to a large extent, on the realization of practical problems on the part of the students. However, the correct use of these strategies would entail a personalized correction and a follow-up that, when the volume of students is high, is practically unmanageable. In this context, this work presents a tool that facilitates the realization of personalized problems for each student, its semi-automatic correction and the feedback to the student in order to facilitate their learning and to carry out a continuous follow-up throughout the course. This tool has been successfully implemented into the course on "Energy Markets", corresponding to the Degree in Energy Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. Moreover, the impact on the obtained results obtained by students in the last years is analyzed in this work.[ES] Las estrategias de aprendizaje de las enseñanzas técnicas están basadas, en gran medida, en la realización de problemas prácticos por parte de los alumnos. Sin embargo, la correcta utilización de estas estrategias conllevaría una corrección personalizada y un seguimiento que, cuando el volumen de alumnos es elevado, resulta prácticamente ingestionable. En este contexto, este trabajo presenta una herramienta que facilita la realización de problemas personalizados para cada estudiante, su corrección semi-automática y la realimentación al alumno de cara a facilitar su aprendizaje y realizar un seguimiento continuo a lo largo del curso. Esta herramienta se ha implantado con éxito en la asignatura “Mercados Energéticos”, correspondiente al Grado en Ingeniería de la Energía de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, cuyo impacto en los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes en los últimos años se analiza en este trabajo.Alcázar Ortega, M.; Álvarez Bel, CM. (2018). Herramienta de evaluación continua basada en problemas personalizados de corrección automática: análisis de su implantación en la asignatura “Mercados Energéticos”. En IN-RED 2018. IV Congreso Nacional de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 428-441. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2018.2018.8561OCS42844

New artificial neural network prediction method for electrical consumption forecasting based on building end-uses

Due to the current high energy prices it is essential to find ways to take advantage of new energy resources and enable consumers to better understand their load curve. This understanding will help to improve customer flexibility and their ability to respond to price or other signals from the electricity market. In this scenario, one of the most important steps is to carry out an accurate calculation of the expected consumption curve, i.e. the baseline. Subsequently, with a proper baseline, customers can participate in demand response programs and verify performed actions. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) method for short-term prediction of total power consumption in buildings with several independent processes. This problem has been widely discussed in recent literature but a new point of view is proposed. The method is based on two fundamental features: total consumption forecast based on independent processes of the considered load or end-uses; and an adequate selection of the training data set in order to simplify the ANN architecture. Validation of the method has been performed with the prediction of the whole consumption expressed as 96 active energy quarter-hourly values of the Universitat Politcnica de Valncia, a commercial customer consuming 11,500 kW. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This research work has been possible with the support of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) with grant #CE 19990032.Escrivá-Escrivá, G.; Álvarez Bel, CM.; Roldán Blay, C.; Alcázar-Ortega, M. (2011). New artificial neural network prediction method for electrical consumption forecasting based on building end-uses. Energy and Buildings. 43(11):3112-3119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.008S31123119431

Electrical consumption forecast using actual data of building end-use decomposition

The calculation of electricity consumption forecast a few days ahead is a complex issue and studies about this matter are continually being performed. Advances in this field enable obtaining consumption forecasts increasingly accurate. These consumption forecasts aim to improve the knowledge of the facilities, the planning and control of consumption and the measurement and verification of energy saving measures, among others. In this study the authors present several advances related to consumption forecast using end-use (EU) approach. In the disaggregation of the total consumption process, the correlation between energy and external variables, such as mean temperature, degree days or daylight, is studied. Additionally, an extrapolation method to obtain a total consumption forecast from forecasted EUs consumption that cover approximately 60% of total consumption is developed. With this procedure, total consumption forecasts with high accuracy can be obtained. The higher accuracy in each end-use, the better results are obtained in the total consumption forecast. For this reason, the study is focused in the end-uses disaggregation and its forecast calculation. The entire methodology is illustrated and contrasted using the consumption of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV).This research work has been possible with the support of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia through grant CE19990032.Escrivá Escrivá, G.; Roldán Blay, C.; Álvarez Bel, CM. (2014). Electrical consumption forecast using actual data of building end-use decomposition. Energy and Buildings. 82:73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.024S73818

An integrated tool for assessing the demand profile flexibility

The purpose of this paper is to describe an integrated tool whose aim is to assess the residential demand profile flexibility through the control of space conditioning loads, mainly air conditioner and heat pump appliances. This assessment has been divided into two principal tasks—an estimation of the controllable load and a selection of the optimum load control strategy according to a target profile and a set of prefixed constraints. The tool also provides the aggregated load behavior, allowing a comparison between different load strategies. This tool can be applied from the customer’s and the utility’s side. An application example to a real environment is also presented.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain through Research Project DPI2001- 2779-C02-01

Electrical thermal storage modeling: a tool to valuate new opportunities and bids for residential users in a deregulated market

The purpose ofthis paper is to describe a useful tool for the initial analysis to assess the possibilities of residential Electric Thermal Storage (ETS), taking into account heat storage and cool storage devices. These load models are based on an energy balance between the indoor environment, the dwelling constructive parameters, the ETS device and the internal mass through a discrete statespace equation system. The main application of this load model has been oriented towards the simulation of ETS performance in order to evaluate the possibilities of Load Management in the new de-regulated structures of Electrical Power Systems. The proposed model has been implemented and validated for heat storage, using real data collected during the last years in residential areas to evaluate its accuracy and flexibility. Finally, a simulation case study is presented to show the possibilities of modifying the actual residential demand profile through a storage period re-scheduling proposed by the authors, taking into account the customer minimum comfort levels and avoiding program rejection.The work described in this paper is financially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Spain, through a research project (Ref. DP12001-2779-C02-01). The authors are very grateful to the Spanish company Gabarrón-Elnur S.A. for the generous cession of its commercial ETS appliances in order to test them and for its support to this research

Uso del role playing en la enseñanza de mercados eléctricos: ejercitar y comprender el poder de mercado en los mismos

[EN] Undestanding the functioning of electricity markets in lectures requires the use of software simulators. Due to the impossibility to participate in real markets, it becomes essential to adopt virtual environments to simulate what happens in actual markets. Nevertheless, once designing these simulators, it is common to eliminate scenarios that do not fulfill the perfect economic theory. Thus, these simulators tend to eliminate the cases where market power occurs. In particular, this article describes and anylises a role playing methodology with electricity market simulators in environments characterized by market power. The results and opinions of students are presented to validate the utility and applicability of these type of methodologies.[ES] La comprensión del funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos en las aulas requiere el uso de simuladores informáticos dada la imposibilidad de participar en mercados reales, por lo que resulta necesaria la incorporación de entornos virtuales que simulen aquello que ocurre en los mercados reales. Sin embargo, a la hora de diseñar estos simuladores, suelen obviarse aquellos escenarios que no cumplen la teoría económica, lo que elimina una gran mayor parte de los casos donde los fallos de mercado no se tienen en cuenta. En particular, en este artículo se describe y analiza la metodología de role playing en simuladores del mercado eléctrico con condiciones de poder de mercado. Los resultados y opiniones de los estudiantes son presentados para validar la idoneidad y la utilidad de este tipo de metodologías.Ribó Pérez, DG.; Alcázar Ortega, M.; Álvarez Bel, CM. (2019). Uso del role playing en la enseñanza de mercados eléctricos: ejercitar y comprender el poder de mercado en los mismos. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 527-541. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10360OCS52754