A sírástól az első szótagig

A közelmúlt során megalakult Tipikus és Atipikus Gyermeknyelvfejlődési Kutatócsoport célja a gyermekek kora életévétől a kisiskoláskor végéig tartó nyelvi fejlődésének és zavarainak nyomon követése, dokumentálása, valamint az atipikus fejlődés terápiás hatásainak felkutatása. A tudományos csoport vizsgálni kívánja továbbá a nyelvi és kognitív képességek összefüggéseit, a többnyelvűség kérdéseit és ezek megjelenési formáit a társadalomban. Közismert tény, hogy a nyelvi képesség elsajátítása egy olyan eseményekben gazdag út, amely az anyaméh világában kezdődik és még a serdülőkoron túl is folytatódik. Mivel a nyelvi fejlődés folyamata viszonylag hosszú és számos kihívással jár, ezért a jelen tanulmány, a kutatócsoport megalakulása kapcsán csupán egy rövid, de maghatározó periódust kíván ebből kiemelni. Pontosan azt a szakaszt érinti, amelyben a kezdetben ügyetlennek tűnő hangadási próbálkozásoktól az akaratlagos mozzanatokig tartó alapozó időszakba jut a gyermek, ahol az artikulációs rendszere az életkori beszédhibák mellett éretté válik az első érthető szavak kiejtésére

Ungarndeutsche Volksspielzeuge. In Einheit mit Natur und Gesellschaft

Popular games are not a waste of time, as many may think. Before the introduction of primary school education, the game was the school of children. They learnt everything they needed while playing. Games and toys helped children become cleverer and wiser. In the article, we present a group of games with an object - the games in which an object is produced. Children worked with natural materials and learnt culture techniques better. It can be claimed that this type of play reflected the unity of nature and society. The study deals with the presentation of such unity by the German minority in Hungary.Volksspiele sind auf keinen Fall mit Zeitverschwendung gleichzusetzen, denn vor der Einführung der Grundschulpflicht war das Spiel die Schule für Kinder. Alles, was für ein Kind nötig war an Kenntnissen, Wissen und Fähigkeiten erlernte es während des Spiels. Diese Spiele förderten die Entwicklung des Kindes, wodurch es klüger und weiser werden konnte. In dieser Studie wird eine Gruppe von Volksspielen vorgestellt, zu denen die Kinder in ihrer Spieltätigkeit ihr Spielzeug selbst herstellten. Die Kinder arbeiteten mit natürlichen Materialien und lernten die verschiedenen Kulturtechniken kennen. So können wir behaupten, dass diese Spieltätigkeit die Einheit von Natur und Gesellschaft verwirklichte. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist diese Einheit am Beispiel der Ungarndeutschen darzustellen.

Nanobody-Displaying Flagellar Nanotubes

In this work we addressed the problem how to fabricate self-assembling tubular nanostructures displaying target recognition functionalities. Bacterial flagellar filaments, composed of thousands of flagellin subunits, were used as scaffolds to display single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) on their surface. As a representative example, an anti-GFP nanobody was successfully inserted into the middle part of flagellin replacing the hypervariable surface-exposed D3 domain. A novel procedure was developed to select appropriate linkers required for functional internal insertion. Linkers of various lengths and conformational properties were chosen from a linker database and they were randomly attached to both ends of an anti-GFP nanobody to facilitate insertion. Functional fusion constructs capable of forming filaments on the surface of flagellin-deficient host cells were selected by magnetic microparticles covered by target GFP molecules and appropriate linkers were identified. TEM studies revealed that short filaments of 2-900 nm were formed on the cell surface. ITC and fluorescent measurements demonstrated that the fusion protein exhibited high binding affinity towards GFP. Our approach allows the development of functionalized flagellar nanotubes against a variety of important target molecules offering potential applications in biosensorics and bio-nanotechnology

The T Tauri star V410 Tau in the eyes of SPIRou and TESS

We report results of a spectropolarimetric and photometric monitoring of the weak-line T Tauri star V410 Tau based on data collected mostly with SPIRou, the near-infrared (NIR) spectropolarimeter recently installed at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, as part of the SPIRou Legacy Survey large programme, and with TESS between October and December 2019. Using Zeeman-Doppler Imaging (ZDI), we obtained the first maps of photospheric brightness and large-scale magnetic field at the surface of this young star derived from NIR spectropolarimetric data. For the first time, ZDI is also simultaneously applied to high-resolution spectropolarimetric data and very-high-precision photometry. V410 Tau hosts both dark and bright surface features and magnetic regions similar to those previously imaged with ZDI from optical data, except for the absence of a prominent dark polar spot. The brightness distribution is significantly less contrasted than its optical equivalent, as expected from the difference in wavelength. The large-scale magnetic field (${\\sim}410$ G), found to be mainly poloidal, features a dipole of ${\\sim}390$ G, again compatible with previous studies at optical wavelengths. NIR data yield a surface differential rotation slightly weaker than that estimated in the optical at previous epochs. Finally, we measured the radial velocity of the star and filtered out the stellar activity jitter using both ZDI and Gaussian Process Regression down to a precision of ${\\sim}0.15$ and 0.08 $\\mathrm{km}\\, \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ RMS, respectively, confirming the previously published upper limit on the mass of a potential close-in massive planet around V410 Tau

Contested Collective Intelligence: rationale, technologies, and a human-machine annotation study

We propose the concept of Contested Collective Intelligence (CCI) as a distinctive subset of the broader Collective Intelligence design space. CCI is relevant to the many organizational contexts in which it is important to work with contested knowledge, for instance, due to different intellectual traditions, competing organizational objectives, information overload or ambiguous environmental signals. The CCI challenge is to design sociotechnical infrastructures to augment such organizational capability. Since documents are often the starting points for contested discourse, and discourse markers provide a powerful cue to the presence of claims, contrasting ideas and argumentation, discourse and rhetoric provide an annotation focus in our approach to CCI. Research in sensemaking, computer-supported discourse and rhetorical text analysis motivate a conceptual framework for the combined human and machine annotation of texts with this specific focus. This conception is explored through two tools: a social-semantic web application for human annotation and knowledge mapping (Cohere), plus the discourse analysis component in a textual analysis software tool (Xerox Incremental Parser: XIP). As a step towards an integrated platform, we report a case study in which a document corpus underwent independent human and machine analysis, providing quantitative and qualitative insight into their respective contributions. A promising finding is that significant contributions were signalled by authors via explicit rhetorical moves, which both human analysts and XIP could readily identify. Since working with contested knowledge is at the heart of CCI, the evidence that automatic detection of contrasting ideas in texts is possible through rhetorical discourse analysis is progress towards the effective use of automatic discourse analysis in the CCI framework