Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Prices: The Case of Chile

In this paper we estimate the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into disaggregated import price data at monthly frequency. We work with import prices both at the border and at the wholesale level, and our results are consistent with the idea of a high ERPT— complete in the long-run—which has not declined for both pricing levels. In the shortrun, however, wholesale prices seem to be less sensitive to exchange rate variations. This may indicate the existence of a pass-through less than perfect in the distribution chain from prices at the border to its wholesale counterpart. In addition, we find weak evidence of asymmetric pass-through from appreciations versus depreciations for the aggregate import indexes. Finally, we also explore if the high and not declining ERPT is given by the fact that Chilean imports are concentrated in products with such ERPT, and our results support the view that this is not the case.

A comprehensive survey of Rhinonyssid mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) in Northwest Russia: New mite-host associations and prevalence data

Background: Rhinonyssid mites are permanent parasites of birds that inhabit their respiratory tract. There are around 600 species described worldwide and almost all species of birds are found to have embedded rhinonyssid mites. Despite their presumed relevance, these mites are largely unstudied due to the difficulty in sampling them and, therefore, the majority of mite-host associations and species-prevalence data are unknown. New information: In this study, 179 mite specimens belonging to 27 species and eight genera were identified. Notably, 18 new mite-bird associations were documented for the first time, thus increasing the known host range for these mite species. In addition, mite-host associations found in this study were compared with known associations from these species of birds in the European part of Russia and in Europe. Overall, this study represents the largest survey to date carried out on rhinonyssid mites in Russia and one of the most comprehensive datasets on rhinonyssid host-rang

Los firmes personajes de Balkenhol

Estudio y análisis del trabajo escultórico figurativo del escultor francés-alemán Stephan Balkenhol

Desempeño relativo de la productividad física de la ganadería de Nueva Zelanda y Uruguay, 1870-2010

En el siglo xix, Nueva Zelanda y Uruguay fueron sociedades de nuevo asentamiento europeo, ricas en recursos naturales, que se insertaron en la economía mundial como productoras y exportadoras de bienes ganaderos, pero que mostraron desempeños divergentes a largo plazo. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las principales tendencias históricas del desempeño relativo de la productividad física de la ganadería de ambos países y comprender los procesos de convergencia-divergencia, a la luz del concepto de trayectoria tecnológica. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los indicadores sintéticos unidad ganadera y carne equivalente, se proponen correcciones a los métodos de agregación usuales, teniendo en cuenta las especificidades de cada sistema ganadero, y se comparan las trayectorias tecnológicas involucradas en el crecimiento de la productividad de la ganadería.In the nineteenth century, New Zealand and Uruguay were new European settler societies and rich in natural resources. Both countries engaged with the world economy as producers and exporters of livestock products. However, these countries exhibited divergent long-term development. The aim of this article is to identify the main historical tendencies associated with the relative physical productivity of livestock in both countries and to understand convergent-divergent processes in light of their technological trajectories. The main synthetic indicators used in agrarian sciences, such as Livestock Units and Meat Equivalents, are reviewed and a series of corrections that account for the specific features of each agrarian system is proposed for the usual aggregation methods. The technological trajectories that affected livestock productivity growth are also compared. The main results indicate that Uruguayan livestock production fell behind that of New Zealand due to the technological trajectory followed by each country. In the nineteenth century, Uruguay had very favourable natural conditions for livestock production. It did not develop technologies to improve soil and land productivity until the second half of the twentieth century. In contrast, New Zealand began to improve grassland productivity during the nineteenth century in order to increase and diversify livestock production

2001: Una Odisea en el espacio: Análisis de la obra visual. Modelo para analizar proyecciones cinematográficas en las asignaturas de Plástica y Dibujo

Modelo-Cuestionario a modo de diálogo, en el que tomando como referencia la obra mítica 2001: Una odisea en el espacio de Kubrick, se orienta al alumno de ESO y Bachillerato a hacer una reflexión sobre diversos temas como pueden ser: creación, evolución, tecnología, ética, filosofía... Al mismo tiempo se expone un film que va mas allá del mero entretenimiento

El cuerpo en el arte contemporáneo

A partir de el uso del transformismo realizado por Marcel Duchamp en 1921, se realiza un análisis de la utilización del cuerpo humano tal cual, como objeto de trabajo en la artes plásticas en los siglos XX y XXI

Europa sin politeía, Europa sin política

The current situation of European political integration is analyzed from a cyclical and structural point of view. It is considered that this critical situation is part of a process of overcoming of Nation-state, without new political bodies that can take similar functions, at a transnational level, especially in regard to the domestication of markets. This makes the nationalist or centrifugal trends increase its force. It is noted as the only way out of the current impasse, strengthening its political factors, supporting on the learning process, of progressive abstraction, of citizens and of the European peoples, so only if accompanied by a social policy of redistribution, symbol of Europe so far, this can succeed.Se analiza la situación actual de la construcción política europea desde un punto de vista coyuntural y estructural. Se considera que esta situación crítica se enmarca en un proceso de rebasamiento de los Estados nación, sin que, sin embargo, se den aún instancias políticas que puedan asumir funciones parejas a un nivel superior, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la domesticación de los mercados. Esto hace que las tendencias de repliegue o centrífugas se vean con fuerza acrecentada. Se apunta como única posibilidad de salida del actual estancamiento, el reforzamiento de los elementos políticos, apoyándose en los procesos de aprendizaje de abstracción progresiva de los ciudadanos y de los pueblos europeos, lo que solamente si es acompañado por una política social de redistribución, que es lo que hasta ahora representaba simbólicamente Europa, puede tener éxito

La estatua y su representación

Visualización y análisis de algunas de las estatuas mas importantes en el estudio del dibujo académico, desde la prehistoria hasta el renacimiento

Torsiones y uniones en la escultura de Richard Deacon

Análisis de los procesos constructivos y proyectivos del escultor galés Richard Deacon