2,445 research outputs found
Understanding cultural barriers and opportunities for developing new apprenticeship programmes
There is increasing interest in many countries in training models that are practice-oriented and correspond to the needs of the labour market. The new Spanish dual system of apprenticeship (FP Dual) for teaching and learning was first implemented in the Valencia Community in 2012. Although FP Dual enjoys considerable support from institutions and from politicians who believe it has the potential to reduce youth unemployment, the dual system is still in a pilot stage. This report is based on research based in Valencia, to explore the cultural and organisational norms and the barriers and opportunities these afford to introducing apprenticeship. The research included interviews with different stakeholders. The findings reported here are seen as the precursor to a longer-term study. Existe hoy en muchos paĂses un interĂ©s creciente por modelos de formaciĂłn que estĂ©n orientados por la prĂĄctica y respondan a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo. El nuevo sistema de Aprendizaje Dual (FP Dual) para enseñar y aprender, se implantĂł en la Comunidad Valenciana en 2012. Si bien la FP Dual goza de considerable apoyo por parte de instituciones y de polĂticos que creen en su potencial para reducir el desempleo juvenil, el hecho es que se encuentra todavĂa en una fase piloto. Este informe se basa en la investigaciĂłn llevada a cabo en Valencia (2016/2017) con objeto de explorar las normas culturales y organizacionales y las barreras y las oportunidades que pueden afectar y/o contribuir a su introducciĂłn. La investigaciĂłn, fase inicial de proyecto mĂĄs amplio, incluye entrevistas con las diferentes partes interesadas. Existeix avui en molts paĂŻsos un interĂšs creixent per models de formaciĂł que estiguin orientats cap a la prĂ ctica i responguin a les necessitats del mercat de treball. El nou sistema d'Aprenentatge Dual (FP Dual) per a ensenyar i aprendre, es va implantar a la Comunitat Valenciana en 2012. Si bĂ© la FPdual gaudeix de considerable suport per institucions i per polĂtics que creuen en el seu potencial per reduir la desocupaciĂł juvenil, el fet es que es troba encara en una fase pilot. El present informe es basa i dĂłna compter de la investigaciĂł realitzada a ValĂšncia (2016-2017) al objecte d?explorar les normes culturals i organitzacionals aixĂ com les barreres i les oportunitats que puguen afectar i/o contribuir a la seva introducciĂł, La investigaciĂł, fase inicial de projecte mĂ©s ampli,  inclou entrevistes amb les diferents parts interessades
A genomic approach highlights common and diverse effects and determinants of susceptibility on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to distinct antimicrobial peptides
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) was initially correlated with peptide membrane permeation properties. However, recent evidences indicate that action of a number of AMP is more complex and involves specific interactions at cell envelopes or with intracellular targets. In this study, a genomic approach was undertaken on the model yeast <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>to characterize the antifungal effect of two unrelated AMP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two differentiated peptides were used: the synthetic cell-penetrating PAF26 and the natural cytolytic melittin. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated distinctive gene expression changes for each peptide. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed differential expression of selected genes. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of differential gene lists showed that the unique significant terms shared by treatment with both peptides were related to the cell wall (CW). Assays with mutants lacking CW-related genes including those of MAPK signaling pathways revealed genes having influence on sensitivity to peptides. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated PAF26 interaction with cells and internalization that correlated with cell killing in sensitive CW-defective mutants such as Î<it>ecm33 </it>or Î<it>ssd1</it>. GO annotation also showed differential responses between peptides, which included ribosomal biogenesis, <it>ARG </it>genes from the metabolism of amino groups (specifically induced by PAF26), or the reaction to unfolded protein stress. Susceptibility of deletion mutants confirmed the involvement of these processes. Specifically, mutants lacking <it>ARG </it>genes from the metabolism of arginine pathway were markedly more resistant to PAF26 and had a functional CW. In the deletant in the arginosuccinate synthetase (<it>ARG1</it>) gene, PAF26 interaction occurred normally, thus uncoupling peptide interaction from cell killing. The previously described involvement of the glycosphingolipid gene <it>IPT1 </it>was extended to the peptides studied here.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Reinforcement of CW is a general response common after exposure to distinct AMP, and likely contributes to shield cells from peptide interaction. However, a weakened CW is not necessarily indicative of a higher sensitivity to AMP. Additional processes modulate susceptibility to specific peptides, exemplified in the involvement of the metabolism of amino groups in the case of PAF26. The relevance of the response to unfolded protein stress or the sphingolipid biosynthesis, previously reported for other unrelated AMP, was also independently confirmed.</p
Non-standard connections in classical mechanics
In the jet-bundle description of first-order classical field theories there
are some elements, such as the lagrangian energy and the construction of the
hamiltonian formalism, which require the prior choice of a connection. Bearing
these facts in mind, we analyze the situation in the jet-bundle description of
time-dependent classical mechanics. So we prove that this connection-dependence
also occurs in this case, although it is usually hidden by the use of the
``natural'' connection given by the trivial bundle structure of the phase
spaces in consideration. However, we also prove that this dependence is
dynamically irrelevant, except where the dynamical variation of the energy is
concerned. In addition, the relationship between first integrals and
connections is shown for a large enough class of lagrangians.Comment: 17 pages, Latex fil
Towards a more complete description of nucleon distortion in lepton-induced single-pion production at low-
Theoretical predictions for lepton-induced single-pion production (SPP) on
C are revisited in order to assess the effect of different treatments of
the current operator. On one hand we have the asymptotic approximation, which
consists in replacing the particle four-vectors that enter in the operator by
their asymptotic values, i.e., their values out of the nucleus. On the other
hand we have the full calculation, which is a more accurate approach to the
problem. We also compare with results in which the final nucleon is described
by a relativistic plane wave, to rate the effect of the nucleon distortion. The
study is performed for several lepton kinematics, reproducing inclusive and
semi-inclusive cross sections belonging to the low- region (between 0.05
and 1 GeV), which is of special interest in charged-current (CC)
neutrino-nucleus 1 production. Inclusive electron results are compared
with experimental data. We find non-trivial corrections comparable in size with
the effect of the nucleon distortion, namely, corrections up to 6\%, either
increasing or diminishing the asymptotic prediction, and a shift of the
distributions towards higher energy transfer. For the semi-inclusive cross
sections, we observe the correction to be prominent mainly at low values of the
outgoing nucleon kinetic energy. Finally, for CC neutrino-induced 1
production, we find a reduction at low- with respect to both the
plane-wave approach and the asymptotic case
Study of tyrosine and dopa enantiomers as tyrosinase substrates initiating Lâ and Dâmelanogenesis pathways
Tyrosinase starts melanogenesis and determines its course, catalyzing the oxidation by molecular oxygen of tyrosine to dopa, and that of dopa to dopaquinone. Then, nonenzymatic coupling reactions lead to dopachrome, which evolves toward melanin. Recently, it has been reported that dâtyrosine acts as tyrosinase inhibitor and depigmenting agent. The action of tyrosinase on the enantiomers of tyrosine (lâtyrosine and dâtyrosine) and dopa (lâdopa and dâdopa) was studied for the first time focusing on quantitative transient phase kinetics. Postâsteadyâstate transient phase studies revealed that lâdopachrome is formed more rapidly than dâdopachrome. This is due to the lower values of Michaelis constants for lâenantiomers than for dâenantiomers, although the maximum rates are equal for both enantiomers. A deeper analysis of the interâsteadyâstate transient phase of monophenols demonstrated that the enantiomer dâtyrosine causes a longer lag period and a lower steadyâstate rate, than lâtyrosine at the same concentration. Therefore, dâmelanogenesis from dâtyrosine occurs more slowly than does lâmelanogenesis from lâtyrosine, which suggests the apparent inhibition of melanin biosynthesis by dâtyrosine. As conclusion, dâtyrosine acts as a real substrate of tyrosinase, with low catalytic efficiency and, therefore, delays the formation of dâmelanin
A Multi-Criteria Meta-Fuzzy-Scheduler for Independent Tasks in Grid Computing
The paradigm of distributed computation in heterogeneous resources, grid computing, has given rise to a large amount of research on resource scheduling. This paper presents a Meta-Scheduler for grid computing that does not need any given information about tasks length or tasks arrival time unlike traditional dynamic heuristics. Our Meta-Scheduler is of multi-criteria type, because it solves two conflicting objectives: minimize the makespan of a set of tasks and distribute these tasks in a balanced way among the resources of the Grid. Experimental results using fuzzy scheduler show that, through our proposal, we achieve these two objectives and improve dynamic heuristics presented in prior literature
Ab initio evaluation of the charge-ordering in
We report {\it ab initio} calculations of the charge ordering in
using large configurations interaction methods on
embedded fragments. Our major result is that the electrons of the
bridging oxygen of the rungs present a very strong magnetic character and
should thus be explicitly considered in any relevant effective model. The most
striking consequence of this result is that the spin and charge ordering differ
substantially, as differ the experimental results depending on whether they are
sensitive to the spin or charge density.Comment: 4 page
The effect of glass ionomer and adhesive cements on substance P expression in human dental pulp
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of glass ionomer and adhesive cements on SP
expression in healthy human dental pulp.
Study Design: Forty pulp samples were obtained from healthy premolars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic
reasons. In thirty of these premolars a Class V cavity preparation was performed and teeth were equally divided
in three groups: Experimental Group I: Glass Ionomer cement was placed in the cavity. Experimental Group
II: Adhesive Cement was placed in the cavity. Positive control group: Class V cavities only. The remaining ten
healthy premolars where extracted without treatment and served as a negative control group. All pulp samples
were processed and SP was measured by radioimmunoassay.
Results: Greater SP expression was found in the adhesive cement group, followed by the glass ionomer and the
positive control groups. The lower SP values were for the negative control group. ANOVA showed statistically
significant differences between groups (p<0.0001). Tukey HSD post hoc tests showed statistically significant differences
in SP expression between negative control group and the 3 other groups (p<0.01). Differences between
the cavity-only group and the two experimental groups were also statistically significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively).
There is also a statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups (p<0.01).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that adhesive cements provoke a greater SP expression when compared with
glass ionomer
Morphometric and microstructural characteristics of hippocampal subfields in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and their correlates with mnemonic discrimination.
Pattern separation (PS) is a fundamental aspect of memory creation that defines the ability to transform similar memory representations into distinct ones, so they do not overlap when storing and retrieving them. Experimental evidence in animal models and the study of other human pathologies have demonstrated the role of the hippocampus in PS, in particular of the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3. Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HE) commonly report mnemonic deficits that have been associated with failures in PS. However, the link between these impairments and the integrity of the hippocampal subfields in these patients has not yet been determined. The aim of this work is to explore the association between the ability to perform mnemonic functions and the integrity of hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG in patients with unilateral MTLE-HE.
To reach this goal we evaluated the memory of patients with an improved object mnemonic similarity test. We then analyzed the hippocampal complex structural and microstructural integrity using diffusion weighted imaging.
Our results indicate that patients with unilateral MTLE-HE present alterations in both volume and microstructural properties at the level of the hippocampal subfields DG, CA1, CA3, and the subiculum, that sometimes depend on the lateralization of their epileptic focus. However, none of the specific changes was found to be directly related to the performance of the patients in a pattern separation task, which might indicate a contribution of various alterations to the mnemonic deficits or the key contribution of other structures to the function.
we established for the first time the alterations in both the volume and the microstructure at the level of the hippocampal subfields in a group of unilateral MTLE patients. We observed that these changes are greater in the DG and CA1 at the macrostructural level, and in CA3 and CA1 in the microstructural level. None of these changes had a direct relation to the performance of the patients in a pattern separation task, which suggests a contribution of various alterations to the loss of function
- âŠ