Understanding cultural barriers and opportunities for developing new apprenticeship programmes

There is increasing interest in many countries in training models that are practice-oriented and correspond to the needs of the labour market. The new Spanish dual system of apprenticeship (FP Dual) for teaching and learning was first implemented in the Valencia Community in 2012. Although FP Dual enjoys considerable support from institutions and from politicians who believe it has the potential to reduce youth unemployment, the dual system is still in a pilot stage. This report is based on research based in Valencia, to explore the cultural and organisational norms and the barriers and opportunities these afford to introducing apprenticeship. The research included interviews with different stakeholders. The findings reported here are seen as the precursor to a longer-term study. Existe hoy en muchos países un interés creciente por modelos de formación que estén orientados por la práctica y respondan a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo. El nuevo sistema de Aprendizaje Dual (FP Dual) para enseñar y aprender, se implantó en la Comunidad Valenciana en 2012. Si bien la FP Dual goza de considerable apoyo por parte de instituciones y de políticos que creen en su potencial para reducir el desempleo juvenil, el hecho es que se encuentra todavía en una fase piloto. Este informe se basa en la investigación llevada a cabo en Valencia (2016/2017) con objeto de explorar las normas culturales y organizacionales y las barreras y las oportunidades que pueden afectar y/o contribuir a su introducción. La investigación, fase inicial de proyecto más amplio, incluye entrevistas con las diferentes partes interesadas. Existeix avui en molts països un interès creixent per models de formació que estiguin orientats cap a la pràctica i responguin a les necessitats del mercat de treball. El nou sistema d'Aprenentatge Dual (FP Dual) per a ensenyar i aprendre, es va implantar a la Comunitat Valenciana en 2012. Si bé la FPdual gaudeix de considerable suport  per institucions i per polítics que creuen en el seu potencial per reduir la desocupació juvenil, el fet es que es troba encara en una fase pilot. El present informe es basa i dóna compter de la investigació realitzada a València (2016-2017) al objecte d?explorar les normes culturals i organitzacionals  així com les barreres i les oportunitats que puguen afectar i/o contribuir a la seva introducció, La investigació, fase inicial de projecte més ampli,  inclou entrevistes amb les diferents parts interessades

Towards a more complete description of nucleon distortion in lepton-induced single-pion production at low-Q2Q^2

Theoretical predictions for lepton-induced single-pion production (SPP) on $^{12}$C are revisited in order to assess the effect of different treatments of the current operator. On one hand we have the asymptotic approximation, which consists in replacing the particle four-vectors that enter in the operator by their asymptotic values, i.e., their values out of the nucleus. On the other hand we have the full calculation, which is a more accurate approach to the problem. We also compare with results in which the final nucleon is described by a relativistic plane wave, to rate the effect of the nucleon distortion. The study is performed for several lepton kinematics, reproducing inclusive and semi-inclusive cross sections belonging to the low-$Q^2$ region (between 0.05 and 1 GeV$^2$), which is of special interest in charged-current (CC) neutrino-nucleus 1$\pi$ production. Inclusive electron results are compared with experimental data. We find non-trivial corrections comparable in size with the effect of the nucleon distortion, namely, corrections up to 6\%, either increasing or diminishing the asymptotic prediction, and a shift of the distributions towards higher energy transfer. For the semi-inclusive cross sections, we observe the correction to be prominent mainly at low values of the outgoing nucleon kinetic energy. Finally, for CC neutrino-induced 1$\pi^+$ production, we find a reduction at low-$Q^2$ with respect to both the plane-wave approach and the asymptotic case

Study of tyrosine and dopa enantiomers as tyrosinase substrates initiating L‐ and D‐melanogenesis pathways

Tyrosinase starts melanogenesis and determines its course, catalyzing the oxidation by molecular oxygen of tyrosine to dopa, and that of dopa to dopaquinone. Then, nonenzymatic coupling reactions lead to dopachrome, which evolves toward melanin. Recently, it has been reported that d‐tyrosine acts as tyrosinase inhibitor and depigmenting agent. The action of tyrosinase on the enantiomers of tyrosine (l‐tyrosine and d‐tyrosine) and dopa (l‐dopa and d‐dopa) was studied for the first time focusing on quantitative transient phase kinetics. Post‐steady‐state transient phase studies revealed that l‐dopachrome is formed more rapidly than d‐dopachrome. This is due to the lower values of Michaelis constants for l‐enantiomers than for d‐enantiomers, although the maximum rates are equal for both enantiomers. A deeper analysis of the inter‐steady‐state transient phase of monophenols demonstrated that the enantiomer d‐tyrosine causes a longer lag period and a lower steady‐state rate, than l‐tyrosine at the same concentration. Therefore, d‐melanogenesis from d‐tyrosine occurs more slowly than does l‐melanogenesis from l‐tyrosine, which suggests the apparent inhibition of melanin biosynthesis by d‐tyrosine. As conclusion, d‐tyrosine acts as a real substrate of tyrosinase, with low catalytic efficiency and, therefore, delays the formation of d‐melanin

A Multi-Criteria Meta-Fuzzy-Scheduler for Independent Tasks in Grid Computing

The paradigm of distributed computation in heterogeneous resources, grid computing, has given rise to a large amount of research on resource scheduling. This paper presents a Meta-Scheduler for grid computing that does not need any given information about tasks length or tasks arrival time unlike traditional dynamic heuristics. Our Meta-Scheduler is of multi-criteria type, because it solves two conflicting objectives: minimize the makespan of a set of tasks and distribute these tasks in a balanced way among the resources of the Grid. Experimental results using fuzzy scheduler show that, through our proposal, we achieve these two objectives and improve dynamic heuristics presented in prior literature

Ab initio evaluation of the charge-ordering in α′NaV2O5\alpha^\prime NaV_2O_5

We report {\it ab initio} calculations of the charge ordering in $\alpha^\prime NaV_2O_5$ using large configurations interaction methods on embedded fragments. Our major result is that the $2p_y$ electrons of the bridging oxygen of the rungs present a very strong magnetic character and should thus be explicitly considered in any relevant effective model. The most striking consequence of this result is that the spin and charge ordering differ substantially, as differ the experimental results depending on whether they are sensitive to the spin or charge density.Comment: 4 page

Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

The fast growth of PV installed capacity in Spain has led to an increase in the demand for analysis of installed PV modules. One of the topics that manufacturers, promoters, and owners of the plants are more interested in is the possible degradation of PV modules. This paper presents some findings of PV plant evaluations carried out during last years. This evaluation usually consists of visual inspections, I–V curve field measurements (the whole plant or selected areas), thermal evaluations by IR imaging and, in some cases, measurements of the I–V characteristics and thermal behaviours of selected modules in the plant, chosen by the laboratory. Electroluminescence technique is also used as a method for detecting defects in PV modules. It must be noted that new defects that arise when the module is in operation may appear in modules initially defect-free (called hidden manufacturing defects). Some of these hidden defects that only appear in normal operation are rarely detected in reliability tests (IEC61215 or IEC61646) due to the different operational conditions of the module in the standard tests and in the field (serial-parallel connection of many PV modules, power inverter influence, overvoltage on wires, etc.

Considerations about the Continuous Assay Methods, Spectro-Photometric and Spectrofluorometric, of the Monophenolase Activity of Tyrosinase

With the purpose to obtain the more useful tyrosinase assay for the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase between the spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric continuous assays, simulated assays were made by means of numerical integration of the equations that characterize the mechanism of monophenolase activity. These assays showed that the rate of disappearance of monophenol () is equal to the rate of accumulation of dopachrome () or to the rate of accumulation of its oxidized adduct, originated by the nucleophilic attack on o-quinone by a nucleophile such as 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone (MBTH), (), despite the existence of coupled reactions. It is shown that the spectrophotometric methods that use MBTH are more useful, as they do not have the restrictions of the L-tyrosine disappearance measurement method, of working at pH = 8 and not having a linear response from 100 μM of L-tyrosine. It is possible to obtain low LODM (limit of detection of the monophenolase activity) values with spectrophotometric methods. The spectrofluorimetric methods had a lower LODM than spectrophotometric methods. In the case of 4-hydroxyphenil-propionic acid, the LODM obtained by us was 0.25 U/mL. Considering the relative sensitivities of 4-hydroxyanisole, compared with 4-hydroxyphenil-propionic acid, LODM values like those obtained by fluorescent methods would be expected

Unbounded violation of tripartite Bell inequalities

We prove that there are tripartite quantum states (constructed from random unitaries) that can lead to arbitrarily large violations of Bell inequalities for dichotomic observables. As a consequence these states can withstand an arbitrary amount of white noise before they admit a description within a local hidden variable model. This is in sharp contrast with the bipartite case, where all violations are bounded by Grothendieck's constant. We will discuss the possibility of determining the Hilbert space dimension from the obtained violation and comment on implications for communication complexity theory. Moreover, we show that the violation obtained from generalized GHZ states is always bounded so that, in contrast to many other contexts, GHZ states do in this case not lead to extremal quantum correlations. The results are based on tools from the theories of operator spaces and tensor norms which we exploit to prove the existence of bounded but not completely bounded trilinear forms from commutative C*-algebras.Comment: Substantial changes in the presentation to make the paper more accessible for a non-specialized reade