Propuesta de una tarifa para el servicio de atención farmacéutica en el sistema general de segiridad social en salud de Colombia

The health coverage providers try to guide their services in an efficient and successful way, based on their costs. That is why is truly important evaluate the economic-side in order to implement those services in the institutions and the fees guides, like the SOAT. This work is looking to propose a fare for the Colombian Pharmaceutic Attention at the SGSSS, built upon a methodology design, where it could be seen all the wasted resources and input, with the purpose of associate them with feasible SOAT codes for the costs event-generators. Hence, realize a review of the PA activities and their implicated costs utilizing the micro costing studies, in connection with the funders’ eyes/perspective. The costing reaching is absorbable type and their approach is based on the adapted Dáder method. Over the course of the research, is established an orderliness, one for event and other for integral attention. Regarded to the patient status (severe or acute pathology) respectively, highlighting the Pharmaceutic Chemist figure, as the ideal professional for that kind of labor. In fact, regularize their salaries is a necessity as aforementioned in the law 212 of 1995. In brief, with this fares and these future SOAT guidelines, we are looking for the normalization and implementation of the PA over the Health Care institutions. So, is foreseeable a satisfactory use of inputs and resources contributing to an excellent service and execution.Los prestadores de planes en salud, buscan orientar sus programas de forma eficaz y eficiente en función de sus costos. Por ello es importante llevar a cabo una evaluación económica completa del servicio de Atención farmacéutica, para poder ser implementado en las instituciones y en los manuales tarifarios como el SOAT. El presente trabajo busca proponer una tarifa para el servicio de AF en el SGSSS de Colombia, a partir del diseño de una metodología donde se refleje recursos e insumos necesarios, asociando posibles códigos SOAT para evento generadores de costo propuestos. Se realiza una evaluación de los costos implicados en las actividades propias de la AF en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva del financiador. El alcance del costeo es de tipo absorbente. Se realiza por microcosteo, tomando como base el método Dáder adaptado. Resultado de la investigación, se establece una modalidad por evento y otra por atención integral, dirigidas a la atención de pacientes con patología aguda y grave respectivamente. Se destaca la figura del Químico farmacéutico, como el profesional idóneo para llevar a cabo las actividades que correspondan a la Atención Farmacéutica, de acuerdo a la ley 212 de 1995, estableciendo la necesidad de realizar una estandarización de los salarios de éstos profesionales. Con la obtención de las tarifas y el acercamiento a posibles códigos SOAT, se busca la regulación e implementación de la AF en las instituciones prestadoras de servicios en salud, además la cuantificación adecuada de insumos y recursos contribuyen a su buena ejecución.PregradoQuímico(a) Farmacéutic

Maguaré: portal for early chilhood. Analisys of applications, appropiations, Interactivity and its content

La presente investigación tuvo como fin realizar un análisis del portal interactivo para primera infancia Maguaré, el cual ofrece contenidos que permiten acercarse a la cultura colombiana. Se tomaron dos perspectivas de análisis: en la primera se pretendió caracterizar los usos, las apropiaciones y la interactividad que agenciaron los niños de primera infancia de dos poblaciones (oyentes y sordos); la segunda perspectiva consistió en identificar la pertinencia estética e inclusiva de las salas y de los contenidos que constituyen este portal. Partiendo de lo anterior, la investigación se inscribió en el enfoque cualitativo donde se usaron dos métodos de recolección de datos: la etnografía (convencional y virtual) y el análisis del discurso multimodal, esto llevó a la organización de la estrategia metodológica a desarrollarse en tres grandes momentos: consulta de antecedentes, análisis de la información, y por último, conclusiones y recomendaciones.This research had as an analysis of the interactive portal for early childhood Maguaré, which offers content that allow to approach the Colombian culture. Two analytical perspectives were taken: the first is intended to characterize applications, appropriations and the interactivity that got the children's early childhood of two populations (listeners and deaf); the second perspective consisted of identifying the relevance of aesthetic and inclusive classrooms and content that make up this site. Based on the foregoing, the research was enrolled in the qualitative approach where two methods of data collection were used: Ethnography (conventional and virtual) and the multimodal discourse analysis, this led to the Organization of the strategy methodology to be developed in three great moments: a history consultation, analysis of the information, and finally, conclusions and recommendations

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Evaluación de melaza de caña como sustrato para la producción de saccharomyces cerevisiae

Microbiólogo (a) IndustrialPregrad

Caracterización de donantes voluntarios de sangre por grupo sanguíneo A B O y Rh que asistieron a un banco de sangre de la ciudad de Tunja- Colombia

6 páginasBackground: The frequency of ABO blood group and Rh factor is an important factor in relation to the needs of blood components in the population, identifying a routine in blood banks. Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross sectional, descriptive study was per formed, period from January to March 2012 with data provided by the Foundation from Colombia Hematological volunteer blood donors who attended a fixed point of blood collection in the city of Tunja - Colombia. The variables analyzed were age, gender, and Rh blood group ABO. Results: The study population consisted of volunteer donors 1678 the average age of 28,29 years, 53,3% (n = 894), 62,9% of the population belongs to the group O, there was higher proportion of positive versus negative Rh (94,9 vs 5,1 ), blood type O positive, 32% (n = 532) of the total population. Discussion: The group O and A are predominant in the study population, similar to behavior reported in the literature loa, just as the Rh negative.Objetivo: La frecuencia de grupo sanguíneo ABO y factor Rh es un factor importante en relación a las necesidades de los componentes sanguíneos en la población, la identificación un procedimiento de rutina en los bancos de sangre. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte trasversal descriptivo, periodo entre enero a marzo de 2012 con datos proporcionados por la Fundación Hematológica Colombia provenientes de donantes voluntarios de sangre que asistieron a un punto fijo de recolección de sangre de la ciudad de Tunja – Colombia. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, género, factor Rh y grupo sanguíneo ABO. Resultados: La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 1678 donantes voluntarios la edad promedio de 28,29 años, el 53,3 % (n=894), 62,9% de la población pertenece al grupo O, se encontró mayor proporción de Rh positivo frente al negativo (94,9 vs 5,1), el tipo de sangre O positivo es el 32% (n=532) del total de la población. Conclusiones: El grupo O y A son los que predominan en la población de estudio, comportamiento similar a loa reportado en la literatura, de igual manera el Rh negativo

Maguaré: portal for early chilhood. Analisys of applications, appropiations, Interactivity and its content

La presente investigación tuvo como fin realizar un análisis del portal interactivo para primera infancia Maguaré, el cual ofrece contenidos que permiten acercarse a la cultura colombiana. Se tomaron dos perspectivas de análisis: en la primera se pretendió caracterizar los usos, las apropiaciones y la interactividad que agenciaron los niños de primera infancia de dos poblaciones (oyentes y sordos); la segunda perspectiva consistió en identificar la pertinencia estética e inclusiva de las salas y de los contenidos que constituyen este portal. Partiendo de lo anterior, la investigación se inscribió en el enfoque cualitativo donde se usaron dos métodos de recolección de datos: la etnografía (convencional y virtual) y el análisis del discurso multimodal, esto llevó a la organización de la estrategia metodológica a desarrollarse en tres grandes momentos: consulta de antecedentes, análisis de la información, y por último, conclusiones y recomendaciones.This research had as an analysis of the interactive portal for early childhood Maguaré, which offers content that allow to approach the Colombian culture. Two analytical perspectives were taken: the first is intended to characterize applications, appropriations and the interactivity that got the children's early childhood of two populations (listeners and deaf); the second perspective consisted of identifying the relevance of aesthetic and inclusive classrooms and content that make up this site. Based on the foregoing, the research was enrolled in the qualitative approach where two methods of data collection were used: Ethnography (conventional and virtual) and the multimodal discourse analysis, this led to the Organization of the strategy methodology to be developed in three great moments: a history consultation, analysis of the information, and finally, conclusions and recommendations

Detection of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate resistance in MRSA isolates from Latin America

Background:Vancomycin is a common first-line option for MRSA infections. The heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus(hVISA) phenotype is associated with therapeutic failure. However, hVISAisolates are usually reported as vancomycin susceptible by routine susceptibility testing procedures.Objectives:To detect and characterize the hVISA phenotype in MRSA isolates causing infections in nine LatinAmerican countries.Methods:We evaluated a total of 1189 vancomycin-susceptible MRSA isolates recovered during 2006–08 and2011–14. After an initial screening of hVISA using glycopeptide-supplemented agar strategies, the detection ofhVISA was performed by Etest (GRD) and Macro-method (MET). Isolates deemed to be hVISA were subjectedto population analysis profile/AUC (PAP/AUC) and WGS for further characterization. Finally, we interrogatedalterations in predicted proteins associated with the development of the VISA phenotype in both hVISA andvancomycin-susceptibleS. aureus(VSSA) genomes.Results:A total of 39 MRSA isolates (3.3%) were classified as hVISA (1.4% and 5.6% in MRSA recovered from2006–08 and 2011–14, respectively). Most of the hVISA strains (95%) belonged to clonal complex (CC) 5. Only6/39 hVISA isolates were categorized as hVISA by PAP/AUC, with 6 other isolates close (0.87–0.89) to the cut-off(0.9). The majority of the 39 hVISA isolates exhibited the Leu-14!Ile (90%) and VraT Glu-156!Gly (90%) aminoacid substitutions in WalK. Additionally, we identified 10 substitutions present only in hVISA isolates, involvingWalK, VraS, RpoB and RpoC proteins.Conclusions:The hVISA phenotype exhibits low frequency in Latin America. Amino acid substitutions in proteinsinvolved in cell envelope homeostasis and RNA synthesis were commonly identified. Our results suggest thatEtest-based methods are an important alternative for the detection of hVISA clinical isolates

V. Manejo del paciente con infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

La cloroquina (CQ) e hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) son fármacos antimaláricos y antiinflamatorios indicados en enfermedades como artritis reumatoidea y lupus eritematoso, se les ha documentado actividad in vitro contra SARS-CoV-2.Q4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-3267Revista Nacional - IndexadaN

Renta personas naturales, renta personas jurídicas y normas internacionales de información financiera

La formación especializada de un Contador Público debe involucrar el conocimiento de la ciencia jurídica-tributaria materializada principalmente en el procedimiento tributario, ámbito de vital importancia y a través del cual se determina como pueden y deben ser las actuaciones de los administrados en materia tributaria, aduanera y cambiaría. Así mismo, es de suma importancia, comprender los criterios para la medición, reconocimiento, presentación y revelación de los hechos económicos bajo el Marco Técnico Normativo Contable vigente en Colombia. Estos criterios de medición y reconocimiento se deben tener en cuenta para la determinación del impuesto de renta y complementarios a partir del 1° de enero de 2016, fecha en la cual entró en vigencia la ley 1819 de 2016 (Senado S. d., 2018). Por lo tanto, el especialista en gerencia tributaria al término del Seminario de Investigación Aplicada, está en la capacidad, de aplicar los principios de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera, establecer y analizar las diferencias entre el marco contable y el marco fiscal. En el presente documento se compilan el desarrollo de los trabajos propuestos para cada uno de los temas abordados durante el Seminario de Investigación. Los trabajos están compuestos por simulaciones de casos reales que se presentan en la vida empresarial cotidiana, en donde el profesional aborda el problema, lo plantea y propone las soluciones, con base en las herramientas suministradas por cada uno de los docentes