Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Entrenamiento en competencias del EEES para estudiantes de enfermería y fisioterapia

SIN FINANCIACIÓNNo data 201

Callus induction in leaf segments of Croton urucurana Baill Indução de calos em segmentos foliares de sangra d'água (Croton urucurana Baill)

Croton urucurana Baill., a species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, can be useful in the recovery of degraded riparian areas. In the traditional medicine, it is widely used as cicatrizant and in the treatment of rheumatism. However, its seeds present dormancy and low viability, making the propagation of this species a challenge. With the objective of establishing an alternative route for the propagation, the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) or TDZ (thidiazuron) and of NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) with BAP and their possible combinations were evaluated for callus induction in leaf segments. Callus fresh mass was evaluated forty-five days after inoculation. The isolated use of BAP and the combination of NAA with BAP did not promote calogenesis in leaf segments. Even though the combination of 2,4-D with BAP or TDZ had induced the formation of callus, it was the isolated use of 2,4-D that provided the highest callus fresh mass.<br>A sangra d'água, espécie pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, apresenta potencial na recuperação de matas ciliares degradadas e é extensamente utilizada na medicina tradicional, como cicatrizante e no tratamento de reumatismos. Entretanto, suas sementes apresentam dormência e baixa viabilidade, dificultando a propagação desta espécie. Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações de 2,4-D e BAP ou TDZ e de ANA e BAP, com suas possíveis combinações, na indução de calos em segmentos foliares de sangra d'água. Quarenta e cinco dias após a inoculação, foi avaliado o peso fresco dos calos. O uso de BAP isoladamente e a combinação entre ANA e BAP não promoveram calogênese em segmentos foliares de sangra d'água. Embora a combinação de 2,4-D e BAP ou TDZ tenha induzido a formação de calos, o uso isolado de 2,4-D proporcionou o maior peso fresco destes