Mean and Random Errors of Visual Roll Rate Perception from Central and Peripheral Visual Displays

A large number of roll rate stimuli, covering rates from zero to plus or minus 25 deg/sec, were presented to subjects in random order at 2 sec intervals. Subjects were to make estimates of magnitude of perceived roll rate stimuli presented on either a central display, on displays in the peripheral ield of vision, or on all displays simultaneously. Response was by way of a digital keyboard device, stimulus exposition times were varied. The present experiment differs from earlier perception tasks by the same authors in that mean rate perception error (and standard deviation) was obtained as a function of rate stimulus magnitude, whereas the earlier experiments only yielded mean absolute error magnitude. Moreover, in the present experiment, all stimulus rates had an equal probability of occurrence, whereas the earlier tests featured a Gaussian stimulus probability density function. Results yield a ood illustration of the nonlinear functions relating rate presented to rate perceived by human observers or operators

The Russian Banking Sector: Unsolved Problems Seven Years after the Crisis

The Russian foreign exchange and financial market crisis of summer 1998 was caused by international movements of capital following the Asian crisis, and it plunged the Russian commercial banks into major difficulties. Practically the entire banking sector was hit by acute liquidity shortage. The main cause of the banking crisis must be seen in the banking sector regulation, which was defective if not lacking altogether. This encouraged the banks to take big exchange rate risks on liabilities in foreign currencies, and to lend with little risk diversification, which proved fatal in the crisis. The method used by the Russian authorities to deal with the crisis was also unorthodox by western standards. The crisis was overcome without major restructuring in the banking sector and accomplished at astonishingly little cost to the economy as a whole. However, the success in the form of good growth rates in every year since 1998 only seemingly justifies this neglect, for the relatively weak constitution of the banking sector in Russia _ compared with other transition economies _ has certainly hampered even better economic development. Although some more recent legislative initiatives do give reason to hope for improvement here, powerful interests are still preventing the optimal restructuring of the banking scene that is necessary for the economy as a whole.

The Russian Banking Sector: Unsolved Problems Seven Years after the Crisis

The Russian foreign exchange and financial market crisis of summer 1998 was caused by international movements of capital following the Asian crisis, and it plunged the Russian commercial banks into major difficulties. Practically the entire banking sector was hit by acute liquidity shortage. The main cause of the banking crisis must be seen in the banking sector regulation, which was defective if not lacking altogether. This encouraged the banks to take big exchange rate risks on liabilities in foreign currencies, and to lend with little risk diversification, which proved fatal in the crisis. The method used by the Russian authorities to deal with the crisis was also unorthodox by western standards. The crisis was overcome without major restructuring in the banking sector and accomplished at astonishingly little cost to the economy as a whole. However, the success in the form of good growth rates in every year since 1998 only seemingly justifies this neglect, for the relatively weak constitution of the banking sector in Russia _ compared with other transition economies _ has certainly hampered even better economic development. Although some more recent legislative initiatives do give reason to hope for improvement here, powerful interests are still preventing the optimal restructuring of the banking scene that is necessary for the economy as a whole

Some reflections on reflectors and wave amplitudes

International audienceThe paper describes the refl ector from a seismic viewpoint, and investigates the imprint of such a description on the wave reflection process. More specifically, the spatial region in the vicinity of the interface which actually aff ects the refl ected wavefield is determined using the Fresnel volume and the Interface Fresnel zone (IFZ) concepts. This region is represented by a volume of integration of properties above and below the interface whose maximum lateral extent corresponds to the lateral extent of the IFZ, and whose maximum vertical extent corresponds to a thickness we evaluate accurately and which can be greater than the seismic wavelengths. Considering this description of a reflector, we then calculate the amplitude of the P-wave emanating from a point source and recorded at a receiver after its specular reflection on a smooth homogeneous interface between two elastic media. As the problem under consideration can be viewed as a problem of diff raction by the IFZ which is the physically relevant part of the interface which actually aff ects the refl ected wavefi eld in this simple case, we then apply the Angular Spectrum Approach (ASA) combined with the IFZ concept to get the 3D analytical solution. The variation in the refl ected P-wave amplitude evaluated with the ASA, as a function of the incidence angle, is fi nally compared with the plane-wave refl ection coeffi cient, and with the exact solution obtained with the 3D code OASES. Below but close to the critical angle, the prediction of our approximation better fi ts the exact solution than the plane-wave refl ection coefficient, which emphasizes the importance of accounting for the IFZ in amplitude calculations even for a very simple elastic model

Russischer Bankensektor: sieben Jahre nach der Krise noch ungelöste Probleme

Die Währungs- und Finanzmarktkrise vom Sommer 1998, ausgelöst durch internationale Kapitalumschichtungen im Gefolge der Asienkrise, brachte die russischen Geschäftsbanken in erhebliche Schwierigkeiten. Praktisch der gesamte Bankensektor war von akuten Liquiditätsproblemen betroffen. Die Hauptursache der Bankenkrise ist in der mangelhaften oder gänzlich fehlenden Regulierung im Bankensektor zu sehen; dies begünstigte die Inkaufnahme hoher Wechselkursrisiken bei Verbindlichkeiten in ausländischer Währung sowie Kreditvergaben mit beschränkter Risikodiversifikation, was sich im Zuge der Krise als fatal erwies. Nach westlichem Empfinden unorthodox war auch die Lösung der Krise durch die russischen Behörden, die ohne wesentliche Umstrukturierungen im Bankensektor auskam und mit erstaunlich geringen volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten bewerkstelligt wurde. Der Erfolg in Form durchgängig guter Wachstumsraten nach 1998 liefert jedoch nur scheinbar die Rechtfertigung für diese Versäumnisse, denn die relativschwache Verfassung des Bankensektors in Russland - im Vergleich zu anderen Transformationsökonomien - stand sicherlich einer noch besseren wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung im Wege. Wenngleich einige jüngere Gesetzesinitiativen auf eine Verbesserung der Situation hoffen lassen, stehen doch weiterhin starke Partikularinteresseneiner gesamtwirtschaftlich optimalen und wünschenswerten Umstrukturierung der Bankenlandschaft entgegen.

Multifactor Portfolio Weighting Models for the Health Care Sector: An Empirical Analysis of Portfolio Returns, 2009-2021

We construct portfolio weighting models for the S&P 500 Health Care sector with consumer spending the state economic variable and revenue per share and gross operating profits per share the principal loading factors. We test the hypothesis that our portfolio weighting models outperform the market over the period 2009-2021.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/stander_posters/3662/thumbnail.jp

Safety Analysis For All Projects

The reduction of roadway fatalities and serious injuries is a key goal of INDOT. In order to meet the vision of zero roadway deaths, the analysis of motor vehicle crash risk is an important part of project development. This session will discuss how INDOT is bringing appropriate safety analysis practices to the development of engineering assessment (scoping) preparation and into the design process