Taiwanese American discrimination in Charles Yu's novel Interior Chinatown

ENGLISH: The facts show that cases of discrimination are still rampant today. Discrimination creates a variety of conflicts both between individuals and groups. Therefore, researcher has a special interest in studying the types of discrimination and revealing the factors that cause discrimination. In 2021, Stop AAPI Hate data shows that world discrimination has experienced a sharp increase, including Taiwanese and its descendant in America. This study focuses on exploring the discrimination of Taiwanese Americans in the novel entitled Interior Chinatown, which is none other than a Taiwanese American writing that won the 2020 National Book Award. This thesis is a research on the sociology of literature, especially regarding Taiwanese American discrimination in Interior Chinatown novel by Charles Yu. This study aims to: (1) describe the forms of discrimination that occur in the novel Interior Chinatown based on the Pettigrew perspective; and (2) explore the causal factors of discrimination in the novel Interior Chinatown based on the Pettigrew perspective. The method in this research is literary criticism using a sociological approach with an analysis of discrimination based on a perspective by Thomas F. Pettigrew. The data source of this research is the novel entitled Interior Chinatown which was published in 2020 with 257 pages. This research employs the theory of discrimination by Thomas F. Pettigrew. The results of this study are; (1) the forms of discrimination of Taiwanese Americans in the novel Interior Chinatown consist of two types, namely direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination consists of seven forms of discrimination, namely: citizenship status discrimination, racial discrimination, physical violence discrimination, colorism discrimination, regional discrimination, age discrimination and gender discrimination. The indirect discrimination consists of five forms of discrimination, namely: government regulations regarding the prohibition of owning property for Taiwanese immigrants in the United States, government regulations on restrictions on property ownership in the United States, government regulations on restrictions on types of work and the environment, government regulations on legal restrictions for Taiwanese immigrants, and the government's strict regulations on marriage to immigrants; (2) the causes of Taiwanese American discrimination in the novel Interior Chinatown consist of two factors, they are stereotypes and prejudice. INDONESIA: Fakta menunjukkan bahwa kasus diskriminasi masih merajarela hingga saat ini. Diskriminasi menciptakan beragam konflik baik antar individu maupun kelompok. Oleh karena itu peneliti memiliki ketertarikan tersendiri untuk mempelajari jenis diskriminasi dan mengungkap faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya diskriminasi. Pada tahun 2021, data Stop AAPI Hate menunjukkan diskriminasi dunia mengalami peningkatan yang tajam, termasuk orang Taiwan Amerika dan keturunannya di Amerika. Penelitian ini fokus mengupas diskriminasi Orang Taiwan Amerika dalam novel Interior Chinatown yang tidak lain merupakan tulisan Orang Taiwan Amerika yang berhasil memenangkan Penghargaan Buku Nasional 2020. Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian sosiologi sastra khususnya mengenai diskriminasi terhadap orang Taiwan Amerika dalam Novel Interior Chinatown karya Charles Yu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendiskripsikan bentukbentuk diskriminasi yang terjadi dalam novel Interior Chinatown berdasarkan perspektif Pettigrew; dan (2) mengupas faktor-faktor penyebab diskriminasi dalam novel Interior Chinatown berdasarkan perspektif Pettigrew. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kritik sastra dengan menggunakan sosiologi sastra dan analasis diskriminasi berdasarkan perspektif Thomas F. Pettigrew. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Interior Chinatown yang terbit tahun 2020 yang terdiri dari 257 halaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori diskriminasi oleh Thomas F. Pettigrew. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi terhadap orang Taiwan Amerika dalam novel Interior Chinatown terdiri atas dua jenis diskriminasi, yaitu diskriminasi langsung dan diskriminasi tidak langsung. Diskriminasi langsung terdiri dari tujuh bentuk diskriminasi yaitu: diskriminasi status kewarganegaraan, diskriminasi ras, diskriminasi kekerasan fisik, diskriminasi warna kulit (colorism), diskriminasi wilayah, diskriminasi usia (ageism), dan diskriminasi gender. Adapun diskriminasi tidak langsung terdiri dari lima bentuk diskriminasi yaitu: peraturan pemerintah terkait larangan mempunyai properti bagi imigran Taiwan di Amerika Serikat, peraturan pemerintah tentang batasan kepemilikan properti di Amerika Serikat, peraturan pemerintah tentang pembatasan jenis pekerjaan dan lingkungan hidup, peraturan pemerintah tentang batasan hukum bagi imigran Taiwan, dan peraturan ketat pemerintah tentang pernikahan dengan imigran; (2) penyebab diskriminasi orang Taiwan Amerika dalam novel Interior Chinatown terdiri atas dua faktor, diantaranya adalah stereotip dan prasangka. ARABIC: تظهر الحقائق أن حالات التمييز لا تزال متفشية حتى اليوم. يخلق التمييز مجموعة متنوعة من النزاعات بين الأفراد والجماعات. لذلك فإن الباحثين لديهم اهتمام خاص بدراسة أنواع التمييز وكشف العوامل المسببة للتمييز. في عام 2021 ، تُظهر بيانات Stop AAPI Hate أن التمييز العالمي قد شهد زيادة حادة ، بما في ذلك المواطنين الآسيويين في أمريكا. تركز هذه الدراسة على استكشاف التمييز الذي يعاني منه الأمريكيون الآسيويون في رواية Interior Chinatown، وهي كتابة أمريكية تايوانية فازت بجائزة الكتاب الوطني لعام 2020. هذه الدراسة عن بحث حول التحليل الاجتماعي للأدب، وخاصة التمييز الأمريكي الآسيوي في رواية تشايناتاون الداخلية للكاتب تشارلز يو. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى: (1) وصف أشكال التمييز التي تحدث في رواية الحي الصيني الداخلي بناءً على منظور بيتيغرو (2) استكشاف العوامل المسببة في رواية الحي الصيني الداخلي. المنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو منهج البحث الوصفي النوعي. مصدر بيانات هذا البحث هو الرواية الداخلية للحي الصيني والتي صدرت عام 2020 في 257 صفحة. في جمع البيانات استخدمت الباحثة تقنيات القراءة وتدوين الملاحظات. تقنية تحليل البيانات في هذه الدراسة هي نظرية توماس ف. بيتيغرو ". نتائج هذه الدراسة هي: (1) تتكون أشكال التمييز بين الأمريكيين الآسيويين في رواية الحي الصيني الداخلي من نوعين. التمييز ، أي التمييز المباشر والتمييز غير المباشر. يتكون التمييز المباشر من سبعة أشكال من التمييز ، وهي: التمييز في حالة المواطنة، والتمييز العنصري ، والعنف الجسدي ، والتمييز على أساس اللون ، والتمييز الإقليمي، والتمييز على أساس السن ، والتمييز بين الجنسين. يتكون التمييز غير المباشر من خمسة أشكال من التمييز ، وهي: اللوائح الحكومية المتعلقة بحظر امتلاك الممتلكات للمهاجرين الصينيين في الولايات المتحدة ، واللوائح الحكومية بشأن القيود المفروضة على ملكية الممتلكات في الولايات المتحدة ، واللوائح الحكومية بشأن القيود المفروضة على أنواع العمل، و البيئة، واللوائح الحكومية بشأن القيود القانونية للمهاجرين الصينيين ، واللوائح الحكومية الصارمة بشأن الزواج من المهاجرين؛ (2) تتكون أسباب التمييز الآسيوي - الأمريكي في رواية الحي الصيني الداخلي من عاملين ، بما في ذلك الصور النمطية والتحيز.

Real-time motion analytics during brain MRI improve data quality and reduce costs

Head motion systematically distorts clinical and research MRI data. Motion artifacts have biased findings from many structural and functional brain MRI studies. An effective way to remove motion artifacts is to exclude MRI data frames affected by head motion. However, such post-hoc frame censoring can lead to data loss rates of 50% or more in our pediatric patient cohorts. Hence, many scanner operators collect additional 'buffer data', an expensive practice that, by itself, does not guarantee sufficient high-quality MRI data for a given participant. Therefore, we developed an easy-to-setup, easy-to-use Framewise Integrated Real-time MRI Monitoring (FIRMM) software suite that provides scanner operators with head motion analytics in real-time, allowing them to scan each subject until the desired amount of low-movement data has been collected. Our analyses show that using FIRMM to identify the ideal scan time for each person can reduce total brain MRI scan times and associated costs by 50% or more

Application of multigrid methods to the Boltzmann equation

A multignd solver was applied to the simple 1-D Boltzmann equation [21] for the linear case with no electron-electron collisions. The findings from this were compared to those of an existing direct solver for the same problem The Boltzmann problem was defined for a N2 plasma. A basic Gauss-Seidel iteration was found to act as the best smoother for the multigrid solver. The Galerkin method of restriction was found to work, while the direct method failed Reasons for this are suggested. An adaptive method was developed which may slightly improve performance m some cases. It was found for 256 points that multigrid only used 20% of the Work Units required by the direct solver Given that the direct LU-decomposition solver requires V3N3 manipulations, and the multigrid Vcycle uses ON^logN, the method has increasing advantage for larger systems. The efficiency also improves with increasing dimension Another important advantage of multigrid is that there should be no considerable loss of efficiency when solving the non linear case which includes electron-electron collisions

Washington University Magazine, Winter 2000

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/ad_wumag/1153/thumbnail.jp

Installation, video, and performance art in Reform Era China

Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Theory, and Criticism of Art and Architecture)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-214).China's Reform Era (1978-present) has seen the reinvigoration of academic, and artistic practice, and a rapprochement between the Chinese Communist Party and the intellectual elite. At its beginnings in the early- to mid-1980s the new availability of foreign texts and media led to Culture Fever, a widespread phenomenon throughout the intellectual and artistic spheres characterized by enthusiasm for the philosophy, literature, and art of the West and pre-Communist China and the simultaneous uptake of discrete Western and Confucian philosophies. These discussions often addressed modernity and modernism in China, a crucial homology to early twentieth century Chinese negotiations in literature and the arts and the development of an amalgamated "Chinese modernism" comprised of elements of both Confucian and Western philosophy and aesthetics. As this dissertation argues, key early experimental works of the Reform Era by Zhang Peili, Wu Shanzhuan, and Zhang Huan reveal a proclivity for subtle and indirect admonitory messages about China's socio-political climate - a contemporary inhabitation of the traditional elite scholar-artist and his obligation to criticize immoral or unjust policies or actions. This admonitory practice was built by artists educated in elite academies (specifically, the Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing and the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Art in Hangzhou) yet utilized completely new and non-academic media. What this thesis terms as an "art of admonition" utilized traditional tropes, including direct remonstrations of officials, withdrawal from official life in protest, and the concept of the "middle hermit" - a scholar who admonishes official policy subtly and indirectly. The experimental practices of artists after their graduation from elite academies stemmed from the extra-curricular resources made available to them, especially the schools' libraries. The connection of these unofficial works to the official academies, their validation by art market success, and the subsequent official endorsement accorded to these and other artists in the later Reform Era blurs the distinctions between official and unofficial artistic practice in China, suggesting a strong endorsement of the dissident artist's role as "middle hermit."by Karin Grace Oen.Ph.D.in History, Theory, and Criticism of Art and Architectur

Imagining Taiwan : the making and the museological representation of art in Taiwan's quest for identity (1987-2010)

This thesis probes and analyses the critical role of art in the shaping of Taiwan's national identity during the period 1987-2010. With the rise of democratisation and national identity consciousness (bentu yishi), Taiwan's quest for national identity intensified after the lifting of martial law in 1987. The thesis challenges the view that art has played an inconsequential role in this identity discourse by demonstrating that artists, curators and art museums have significantly contributed towards the processes of identity formation, particularly during the peak period of the early-mid 1990s. Focusing on the nature and extent of the contribution of artists, curators and art museums to Taiwan's quest for identity, the thesis explores how national identity narratives were imagined, interpreted, projected and transmitted, nationally and internationally, through the production, selection and exhibition of art from Taiwan. Structurally, the thesis contextualizes each socio-political period, providing the backdrop for a series of case studies. These demonstrate how artists, curators and art museums became active agents in the processes of national identity formation, not only promoting but also critiquing and contesting identity narratives revolving around the concept of a 'Taiwan nation'. Given that national identities are relational and fluid constructs, the thesis reveals how identity discourses in art had diminished in significance by the early twenty-first century when globalisation, the rise of China, and art market forces transformed identity discourses in art from a Taiwan-centred narrative into one embracing not only regional and global perspectives but, most critically, dialogue and exchange with China

Legal and Political Rights Advocacy in Wrongful Conviction Death Penalty Cases in China: A Study of the Leping Case of Injustice

The problem of wrongful conviction has become more widely acknowledged in China today. Drawing on a study of the Leping case of injustice, in which four defendants were convicted of rape and murder and sentenced to death for a crime they had not committed, this article discusses how the efforts of correcting it meet a deadlock in China’s judicial system, and how, in this circumstance, Chinese civil society initiates and runs a network advocacy aiming at breaking the deadlock and advancing the correction