2,418 research outputs found
Worldwide Use and Impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library
By combining data from the text, citation, and reference databases with data
from the ADS readership logs we have been able to create Second Order
Bibliometric Operators, a customizable class of collaborative filters which
permits substantially improved accuracy in literature queries.
Using the ADS usage logs along with membership statistics from the
International Astronomical Union and data on the population and gross domestic
product (GDP) we develop an accurate model for world-wide basic research where
the number of scientists in a country is proportional to the GDP of that
country, and the amount of basic research done by a country is proportional to
the number of scientists in that country times that country's per capita GDP.
We introduce the concept of utility time to measure the impact of the
ADS/URANIA and the electronic astronomical library on astronomical research. We
find that in 2002 it amounted to the equivalent of 736 FTE researchers, or $250
Million, or the astronomical research done in France.
Subject headings: digital libraries; bibliometrics; sociology of science;
information retrievalComment: ADS bibcode: 2005JASIS..56...36K This is a portion (The bibliometric
properties of article readership information is the other part) of the
article: The NASA Astrophysics Data System: Sociology, bibliometrics and
impact, which went on-line in the summer of 200
The Bibliometric Properties of Article Readership Information
The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), along with astronomy's journals and
data centers (a collaboration dubbed URANIA), has developed a distributed
on-line digital library which has become the dominant means by which
astronomers search, access and read their technical literature. Digital
libraries such as the NASA Astrophysics Data System permit the easy
accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure, the number of electronic
accesses (``reads'') of individual articles. We explore various aspects of this
new measure. We examine the obsolescence function as measured by actual reads,
and show that it can be well fit by the sum of four exponentials with very
different time constants. We compare the obsolescence function as measured by
readership with the obsolescence function as measured by citations. We find
that the citation function is proportional to the sum of two of the components
of the readership function. This proves that the normative theory of citation
is true in the mean. We further examine in detail the similarities and
differences between the citation rate, the readership rate and the total
citations for individual articles, and discuss some of the causes. Using the
number of reads as a bibliometric measure for individuals, we introduce the
read-cite diagram to provide a two-dimensional view of an individual's
scientific productivity. We develop a simple model to account for an
individual's reads and cites and use it to show that the position of a person
in the read-cite diagram is a function of age, innate productivity, and work
history. We show the age biases of both reads and cites, and develop two new
bibliometric measures which have substantially less age bias than citationsComment: ADS bibcode: 2005JASIS..56..111K This is the second paper (the first
is Worldwide Use and Impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital
Library) from the original article The NASA Astrophysics Data System:
Sociology, Bibliometrics, and Impact, which went on-line in the summer of
200
The NASA Astrophysics Data System: Overview
The NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service has become a key component
of astronomical research. It provides bibliographic information daily, or near
daily, to a majority of astronomical researchers worldwide.
We describe the history of the development of the system and its current
status.
We show several examples of how to use the ADS, and we show how ADS use has
increased as a function of time. Currently it is still increasing
exponentially, with a doubling time for number of queries of 17 months.
Using the ADS logs we make the first detailed model of how scientific
journals are read as a function of time since publication.
The impact of the ADS on astronomy can be calculated after making some simple
assumptions. We find that the ADS increases the efficiency of astronomical
research by 333 Full Time Equivalent (2000 hour) research years per year, and
that the value of the early development of the ADS for astronomy, compared with
waiting for mature technologies to be adopted, is 2332 FTE research years.
The ADS is available at http://adswww.harvard.edu/.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figure
The Effect of Use and Access on Citations
It has been shown (S. Lawrence, 2001, Nature, 411, 521) that journal articles
which have been posted without charge on the internet are more heavily cited
than those which have not been. Using data from the NASA Astrophysics Data
System (ads.harvard.edu) and from the ArXiv e-print archive at Cornell
University (arXiv.org) we examine the causes of this effect.Comment: Accepted for publication in Information Processing & Management,
special issue on scientometric
The Open Research Web: A Preview of the Optimal and the Inevitable
The multiple online research impact metrics we are developing will allow the rich new database , the Research Web, to be navigated, analyzed, mined and evaluated in powerful new ways that were not even conceivable in the paper era – nor even in the online era, until the database and the tools became openly accessible for online use by all: by researchers, research institutions, research funders, teachers, students, and even by the general public that funds the research and for whose benefit it is being conducted: Which research is being used most? By whom? Which research is growing most quickly? In what direction? under whose influence? Which research is showing immediate short-term usefulness, which shows delayed, longer term usefulness, and which has sustained long-lasting impact? Which research and researchers are the most authoritative? Whose research is most using this authoritative research, and whose research is the authoritative research using? Which are the best pointers (“hubs”) to the authoritative research? Is there any way to predict what research will have later citation impact (based on its earlier download impact), so junior researchers can be given resources before their work has had a chance to make itself felt through citations? Can research trends and directions be predicted from the online database? Can text content be used to find and compare related research, for influence, overlap, direction? Can a layman, unfamiliar with the specialized content of a field, be guided to the most relevant and important work? These are just a sample of the new online-age questions that the Open Research Web will begin to answer
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