7 research outputs found

    Neural Networks in Chinese Lexical Classification

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    ESTRATEGIA PARA LA FORMACIÓN DE TRADUCTORES DESDE EL TRATAMIENTO A LA AMBIGÜEDAD LÉXICO-SEMÁNTICA PRODUCIDA POR FALSAS ANÁLOGAS

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    Lexical-semantic ambiguity caused by false friends is a linguistic phenomenon that affects translated texts, and therefore the efficient performance of translation trainees.  Consequently, the objective of this paper is to design a translator-training strategy, supported by a model of its training dynamics, which shows a logic that integrates the cognitive-linguistic and translation training aspects in the approach to this phenomenon in the translation process.  La ambigĂŒedad lĂ©xico-semĂĄntica producida por falsas anĂĄlogas es un fenĂłmeno lingĂŒĂ­stico que afecta la producciĂłn traductolĂłgica, y por ende el eficiente desempeño de los traductores en formaciĂłn. Consecuentemente, el objetivo del presente trabajo es diseñar  una estrategia de formaciĂłn de traductores,  sustentada en un modelo de su dinĂĄmica formativa, que refleje una lĂłgia integradora de lo lingĂŒĂ­stico-cognitivo y lo formativo-traductolĂłgico en el tratamiento a este fenĂłmeno en la traducciĂłn como proceso

    Label Imputation for Homograph Disambiguation: Theoretical and Practical Approaches

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    This dissertation presents the first implementation of label imputation for the task of homograph disambiguation using 1) transcribed audio, and 2) parallel, or translated, corpora. For label imputation from parallel corpora, a hypothesis of interlingual alignment between homograph pronunciations and text word forms is developed and formalized. Both audio and parallel corpora label imputation techniques are tested empirically in experiments that compare homograph disambiguation model performance using: 1) hand-labeled training data, and 2) hand-labeled training data augmented with label-imputed data. Regularized, multinomial logistic regression and pre-trained ALBERT, BERT, and XLNet language models fine-tuned as token classifiers are developed for homograph disambiguation. Model performance after training on parallel corpus-based, label-imputed augmented data shows improvement over training on hand-labeled data alone in classes with low prevalence samples. Four homograph disambiguation data sets generated during the work on the dissertation are made available to the research community. In addition, this dissertation offers a novel typology of homographs with practical implications for both the label imputation process and homograph disambiguation

    SystĂšme de recherche d’information Ă©tendue basĂ© sur une projection multi-espaces

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    Depuis son apparition au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 90, le World Wide Web (WWW ou Web) a offert un accĂšs universel aux connaissances et le monde de l’information a Ă©tĂ© principalement tĂ©moin d’une grande rĂ©volution (la rĂ©volution numĂ©rique). Il est devenu rapidement trĂšs populaire, ce qui a fait de lui la plus grande et vaste base de donnĂ©es et de connaissances existantes grĂące Ă  la quantitĂ© et la diversitĂ© des donnĂ©es qu'il contient. Cependant, l'augmentation et l’évolution considĂ©rables de ces donnĂ©es soulĂšvent d'importants problĂšmes pour les utilisateurs notamment pour l’accĂšs aux documents les plus pertinents Ă  leurs requĂȘtes de recherche. Afin de faire face Ă  cette explosion exponentielle du volume de donnĂ©es et faciliter leur accĂšs par les utilisateurs, diffĂ©rents modĂšles sont proposĂ©s par les systĂšmes de recherche d’information (SRIs) pour la reprĂ©sentation et la recherche des documents web. Les SRIs traditionnels utilisent, pour indexer et rĂ©cupĂ©rer ces documents, des mots-clĂ©s simples qui ne sont pas sĂ©mantiquement liĂ©s. Cela engendre des limites en termes de la pertinence et de la facilitĂ© d'exploration des rĂ©sultats. Pour surmonter ces limites, les techniques existantes enrichissent les documents en intĂ©grant des mots-clĂ©s externes provenant de diffĂ©rentes sources. Cependant, ces systĂšmes souffrent encore de limitations qui sont liĂ©es aux techniques d’exploitation de ces sources d’enrichissement. Lorsque les diffĂ©rentes sources sont utilisĂ©es de telle sorte qu’elles ne peuvent ĂȘtre distinguĂ©es par le systĂšme, cela limite la flexibilitĂ© des modĂšles d'exploration qui peuvent ĂȘtre appliquĂ©s aux rĂ©sultats de recherche retournĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Les utilisateurs se sentent alors perdus devant ces rĂ©sultats, et se retrouvent dans l'obligation de les filtrer manuellement pour sĂ©lectionner l'information pertinente. S’ils veulent aller plus loin, ils doivent reformuler et cibler encore plus leurs requĂȘtes de recherche jusqu'Ă  parvenir aux documents qui rĂ©pondent le mieux Ă  leurs attentes. De cette façon, mĂȘme si les systĂšmes parviennent Ă  retrouver davantage des rĂ©sultats pertinents, leur prĂ©sentation reste problĂ©matique. Afin de cibler la recherche Ă  des besoins d'information plus spĂ©cifiques de l'utilisateur et amĂ©liorer la pertinence et l’exploration de ses rĂ©sultats de recherche, les SRIs avancĂ©s adoptent diffĂ©rentes techniques de personnalisation de donnĂ©es qui supposent que la recherche actuelle d'un utilisateur est directement liĂ©e Ă  son profil et/ou Ă  ses expĂ©riences de navigation/recherche antĂ©rieures. Cependant, cette hypothĂšse ne tient pas dans tous les cas, les besoins de l’utilisateur Ă©voluent au fil du temps et peuvent s’éloigner de ses intĂ©rĂȘts antĂ©rieurs stockĂ©s dans son profil. Dans d’autres cas, le profil de l’utilisateur peut ĂȘtre mal exploitĂ© pour extraire ou infĂ©rer ses nouveaux besoins en information. Ce problĂšme est beaucoup plus accentuĂ© avec les requĂȘtes ambigĂŒes. Lorsque plusieurs centres d’intĂ©rĂȘt auxquels est liĂ©e une requĂȘte ambiguĂ« sont identifiĂ©s dans le profil de l’utilisateur, le systĂšme se voit incapable de sĂ©lectionner les donnĂ©es pertinentes depuis ce profil pour rĂ©pondre Ă  la requĂȘte. Ceci a un impact direct sur la qualitĂ© des rĂ©sultats fournis Ă  cet utilisateur. Afin de remĂ©dier Ă  quelques-unes de ces limitations, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s dans ce cadre de cette thĂšse de recherche au dĂ©veloppement de techniques destinĂ©es principalement Ă  l'amĂ©lioration de la pertinence des rĂ©sultats des SRIs actuels et Ă  faciliter l'exploration de grandes collections de documents. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une solution basĂ©e sur un nouveau concept d'indexation et de recherche d'information appelĂ© la projection multi-espaces. Cette proposition repose sur l'exploitation de diffĂ©rentes catĂ©gories d'information sĂ©mantiques et sociales qui permettent d'enrichir l'univers de reprĂ©sentation des documents et des requĂȘtes de recherche en plusieurs dimensions d'interprĂ©tations. L’originalitĂ© de cette reprĂ©sentation est de pouvoir distinguer entre les diffĂ©rentes interprĂ©tations utilisĂ©es pour la description et la recherche des documents. Ceci donne une meilleure visibilitĂ© sur les rĂ©sultats retournĂ©s et aide Ă  apporter une meilleure flexibilitĂ© de recherche et d'exploration, en donnant Ă  l’utilisateur la possibilitĂ© de naviguer une ou plusieurs vues de donnĂ©es qui l’intĂ©ressent le plus. En outre, les univers multidimensionnels de reprĂ©sentation proposĂ©s pour la description des documents et l’interprĂ©tation des requĂȘtes de recherche aident Ă  amĂ©liorer la pertinence des rĂ©sultats de l’utilisateur en offrant une diversitĂ© de recherche/exploration qui aide Ă  rĂ©pondre Ă  ses diffĂ©rents besoins et Ă  ceux des autres diffĂ©rents utilisateurs. Cette Ă©tude exploite diffĂ©rents aspects liĂ©s Ă  la recherche personnalisĂ©e et vise Ă  rĂ©soudre les problĂšmes engendrĂ©s par l’évolution des besoins en information de l’utilisateur. Ainsi, lorsque le profil de cet utilisateur est utilisĂ© par notre systĂšme, une technique est proposĂ©e et employĂ©e pour identifier les intĂ©rĂȘts les plus reprĂ©sentatifs de ses besoins actuels dans son profil. Cette technique se base sur la combinaison de trois facteurs influents, notamment le facteur contextuel, frĂ©quentiel et temporel des donnĂ©es. La capacitĂ© des utilisateurs Ă  interagir, Ă  Ă©changer des idĂ©es et d’opinions, et Ă  former des rĂ©seaux sociaux sur le Web, a amenĂ© les systĂšmes Ă  s’intĂ©resser aux types d’interactions de ces utilisateurs, au niveau d’interaction entre eux ainsi qu’à leurs rĂŽles sociaux dans le systĂšme. Ces informations sociales sont abordĂ©es et intĂ©grĂ©es dans ce travail de recherche. L’impact et la maniĂšre de leur intĂ©gration dans le processus de RI sont Ă©tudiĂ©s pour amĂ©liorer la pertinence des rĂ©sultats. Since its appearance in the early 90's, the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) has provided universal access to knowledge and the world of information has been primarily witness to a great revolution (the digital revolution). It quickly became very popular, making it the largest and most comprehensive database and knowledge base thanks to the amount and diversity of data it contains. However, the considerable increase and evolution of these data raises important problems for users, in particular for accessing the documents most relevant to their search queries. In order to cope with this exponential explosion of data volume and facilitate their access by users, various models are offered by information retrieval systems (IRS) for the representation and retrieval of web documents. Traditional SRIs use simple keywords that are not semantically linked to index and retrieve these documents. This creates limitations in terms of the relevance and ease of exploration of results. To overcome these limitations, existing techniques enrich documents by integrating external keywords from different sources. However, these systems still suffer from limitations that are related to the exploitation techniques of these sources of enrichment. When the different sources are used so that they cannot be distinguished by the system, this limits the flexibility of the exploration models that can be applied to the results returned by this system. Users then feel lost to these results, and find themselves forced to filter them manually to select the relevant information. If they want to go further, they must reformulate and target their search queries even more until they reach the documents that best meet their expectations. In this way, even if the systems manage to find more relevant results, their presentation remains problematic. In order to target research to more user-specific information needs and improve the relevance and exploration of its research findings, advanced SRIs adopt different data personalization techniques that assume that current research of user is directly related to his profile and / or previous browsing / search experiences. However, this assumption does not hold in all cases, the needs of the user evolve over time and can move away from his previous interests stored in his profile. In other cases, the user's profile may be misused to extract or infer new information needs. This problem is much more accentuated with ambiguous queries. When multiple POIs linked to a search query are identified in the user's profile, the system is unable to select the relevant data from that profile to respond to that request. This has a direct impact on the quality of the results provided to this user. In order to overcome some of these limitations, in this research thesis, we have been interested in the development of techniques aimed mainly at improving the relevance of the results of current SRIs and facilitating the exploration of major collections of documents. To do this, we propose a solution based on a new concept and model of indexing and information retrieval called multi-spaces projection. This proposal is based on the exploitation of different categories of semantic and social information that enrich the universe of document representation and search queries in several dimensions of interpretations. The originality of this representation is to be able to distinguish between the different interpretations used for the description and the search for documents. This gives a better visibility on the results returned and helps to provide a greater flexibility of search and exploration, giving the user the ability to navigate one or more views of data that interest him the most. In addition, the proposed multidimensional representation universes for document description and search query interpretation help to improve the relevance of the user's results by providing a diversity of research / exploration that helps meet his diverse needs and those of other different users. This study exploits different aspects that are related to the personalized search and aims to solve the problems caused by the evolution of the information needs of the user. Thus, when the profile of this user is used by our system, a technique is proposed and used to identify the interests most representative of his current needs in his profile. This technique is based on the combination of three influential factors, including the contextual, frequency and temporal factor of the data. The ability of users to interact, exchange ideas and opinions, and form social networks on the Web, has led systems to focus on the types of interactions these users have at the level of interaction between them as well as their social roles in the system. This social information is discussed and integrated into this research work. The impact and how they are integrated into the IR process are studied to improve the relevance of the results
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