CFD Simulation and 3D Visualization on Cultural Heritage sites: The Castle of Mytilene

This paper presents a CFD and 3D Visualization pipeline to simulate wind flow over a heritage site and then visualize the results. As case study, a coarse 3D geometry model of the Fortress of Mytilene, Lesvos island, Greece and its surrounding was generated from open access Digital Elevation Models. The CFD simulation of the air flow on the wider heritage site area was performed using the steady-state version of the in-house flow solver IBOFlow (Immersed Boundary Octree Flow Solver) developed at Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre. All the simulations were completed considering the mean wind direction and wind speed during the last 22 years from actual weather data retrieved from Open Weather Map. The visualization results were achieved through Unreal Engine, using built-in visualization tools and a tailored-made plugin to visualize the air flow over the monument and on the monument’s wall. As discussed in the conclusion section, the overall process proposed in this paper can be implemented for an initial assessment of the effect of environmental parameters over any heritage site and moreover, it may form the basis for valuable assistive tool for conservators and engineers

Problemas de durabilidad de los materiales de construcción arqueológicos en ambientes acuosos y subaéreos, con aplicaciones a la restauración y conservación en Egipto y Sudán.

The main objective of the study was to identify and assess the conservation problems of the building materials of each case study and compare the aggressive impacts of each environment on the sustainability of the construction materials. Carefully, the construction materials (limestone, sandy limestone, sandstone, lime mortars, gypsum, hydraulic lime mortar/roman mortar) were selected from different archaeological sites with different environmental conditions in Egypt and Sudan (desert: Sahure?s pyramid and pyramids of Meroe; urban/agricultural: Nero/Ramses II Temple; coastal: Anfushi?s Necropolis; and fluvial: Abaton/Osiris Temple). To achieve this goal, field observations, analytical (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry), microscopic (binocular microscope, polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope), mapping (AutoCAD, ArcMap 10.8, SeaDAS, QGIS), and physical and mechanical testing investigations were carried out. Furthermore, open-access satellite lenses were used for the detection and assessment of the archaeological sites and their risks, and, the deterioration patterns of each case study were recorded through decay mappings. Finally, to preserve the lime mortar surfaces, a newly synthesized nanomaterial of SiO2-TiO2 NPs/TEOS was applied and tested. The results showed the severity of each factor on the construction materials. In this sense, Sahure?s pyramid was affected mainly by climatic and environmental factors, earthquakes and the inner composition of the building materials. Nero/Ramses II Temple showed its susceptivity mainly from the salt attack which came from the contaminated sources of water around the temple. Water intrusion, earthquakes, storms, and heavy rains factors attacked Anfushi?s Necropolis severely. Abaton/Osiris Temple was decayed because of Nile water fluctuations impact and the inner weakness of the temple sandstones. In Sudan, the pyramids of Meroe were damaged because of the sand dunes and wind forces, in addition to the flooding risks. Finally, and concerning to the heritage conservation, the research exhibited the efficacy of the multifunctional 3% and 5% SiO2-TiO2 NPs/TEOS in the consolidation and improvement of the physical and mechanical ancient lime mortars

Fluid simulations in heritage science

This review addresses the use of computational fluid dynamics for the interpretation and preservation of heritage. Fluid dynamic simulations in the heritage field focus mostly on slow air movement in indoor spaces and they usually involve temperature and humidity. Simulations have different roles: they may be exploratory, they may be used to support preventive conservation and occasionally they aid historical or archaeological interpretation. The research questions rarely involve testing or development of new mathematical formulations; instead, existing computational models are used as a means to help solve practical issues. Computationally, the simulations are typically steady-state and they always use a turbulence model. Experimental validations against measured data are uncommon and there is a need for the production of benchmarking cases and the publication of experimental data. Further research is needed in order to explore suitable approximations to the simulation of change in the time-scale of months or years, low turbulence flows for which current mainstream turbulence models are ill-suited, and new mathematical formulations for near-wall transport phenomena

Cities' Identity Through Architecture and Art

Intended to be a guide for academics, scholars, and interested leaders, this book was designed to critically assess issues related to architectural identity, the city as a scene, the city as an organism, the city as a subject, and the planning or rather approaching of one. A pressing issue for many researchers in the field, the book discusses the negative repercussions resulting from globalization. Studies have indicated that globalization, despite all the positive effects, has resulted in a loss of identity within a city. As a city develops over time, its identity is evolving as well and may even be lost due to rapid and constant changes it is subjected to. Discussed as well are examples and tendencies in dealing with urban identities as well as the transformation of cities and urban cultures mentioned in terms of form, identity, and art. This book is a combination of innovative research submitted to a conference on Cities’ Identity Through Architecture and Arts (CITAA) whereas scholars from all over the world gather in one venue to discuss cultural, historical, and economic issues of the city. Thus, the book offers a collective and global solution that is applicable on a universal level. The research presented in this book was conducted by authors, or rather participants of the conference from, three different continents of the world and organized by IEREK. It was a distinct opportunity for them to share their thoughts with leading scholars and professionals in the field of Architecture, Arts, and Planning. The research and materials in this book are directed at those who are actively engaged in the decision-making processes and to a heterogeneous audience who has an interest to critically examine all the new literature available in the field. A special word of thanks should be made to the editors of this book and to all the authors and co-authors of the chapters who collectively provided the academic community with unique and increasingly valuable literature

Tell el-Amarna Site Management Plan 2020

The archaeological landscape of Egypt is rich in tombs and temples but offers little in the way of intelligible and easily accessible places where ancient Egyptians actually lived. In Tell el-Amarna (Amarna for short) we have the greater part of a major city: its public buildings, its housing neighbourhoods, the decorated tombs of its governing class and the cemeteries of the ordinary people. Having been occupied for only about twenty years it preserves unique evidence for how people lived in the past. As the creation of Pharaoh Akhenaten, it also serves as a powerful introduction to the individual and his ideas. Archaeologists have worked at Amarna for over a century. But the place needs more than their expert attentions. Like many sites around the world, Amarna is threatened by the effects of rapid modernisation and population growth. The Site Management Plan presented here seeks to anchor Amarna more firmly to the current development policies of the Egyptian government. These emphasise the importance of cooperation amongst the varied sectors of Egyptian society, both those of the government and those constituted by local communities. The Plan seeks to guide the decision-making of the future in the hope of securing Amarna as an educational resource for generations to come. The Plan itself has been an exercise in co-operation. We wish to thank all those who have assisted. They comprise the many officials of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, in Cairo and in the inspectorates of El-Minya Province, local community leaders at Amarna and, not least, representatives of the local inhabitants including those of school age

The architecture of Hassan Fathy : between western and non-western perspectives

This thesis examines the career of the Egyptian architect, Hassan Fathy (1900-1989). Part one deals with Fathy's biography. It contains an account of his family background, his childhood and education, the influences of the Egyptian vernacular and Islamic architecture which helped shape his identity and the influences of modem architectural movements on his early works. It also outlines the development of his nationalistic attitude and personal architectural approach within the context of Egypt's cultural and intellectual history. An examination of his work and theories during the period from 1957 to 1962 when he worked with Doxiadis Associates in Athens; the events surrounding the establishment of Fathy's Institute for Appropriate Technology in 1976 and an assessment of his architecture at the time of his death are also included. The fifth and sixth chapters examine the formal vocabulary of his buildings and projects and the design principles of his village planning. Chapter seven focuses on the complexity of Fathy's architecture and the richness and range of its theoretical intentions. It also assesses Fathy's attitudes towards modernism and the International Style, issues such as auto colonialism and symbolism in architecture and critical responses to his works and philosophy. The relationship of his philosophy to movements such as Post-modernism, community architecture and self-help building, eco-architecture and sustainability and tendencies such as neo-vernacular and earth building are also examined. This reveals the significance of Fathy's approach while placing him within the wider perspective of twentieth-century architecture. The thesis argues that Fathy is one of the most important architects of the twentieth century, whose works have had a widespread influence on the architecture of the Islamic world and whose ideas have extended to the Western world. Chapter eight examines the ways in which architects in both the Western and non-western worlds view Fathy's ideas and works. It distinguishes those architects who have opted to use literal references from his work in an eclectic fashion from those who have made more considered responses to his ideals and principles. A catalogue of Fathy's buildings and projects and a comprehensive bibliography of Fathy's published and unpublished writings are included

Proceedings of the 9th Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD) international conference 2021 (ASCAAD 2021): architecture in the age of disruptive technologies: transformation and challenges.

The ASCAAD 2021 conference theme is Architecture in the age of disruptive technologies: transformation and challenges. The theme addresses the gradual shift in computational design from prototypical morphogenetic-centered associations in the architectural discourse. This imminent shift of focus is increasingly stirring a debate in the architectural community and is provoking a much needed critical questioning of the role of computation in architecture as a sole embodiment and enactment of technical dimensions, into one that rather deliberately pursues and embraces the humanities as an ultimate aspiration

Wadi Flash Floods

This open access book brings together research studies, developments, and application-related flash flood topics on wadi systems in arid regions. The major merit of this comprehensive book is its focus on research and technical papers as well as case study applications in different regions worldwide that cover many topics and answer several scientific questions. The book chapters comprehensively and significantly highlight different scientific research disciplines related to wadi flash floods, including climatology, hydrological models, new monitoring techniques, remote sensing techniques, field investigations, international collaboration projects, risk assessment and mitigation, sedimentation and sediment transport, and groundwater quality and quantity assessment and management. In this book, the contributing authors (engineers, researchers, and professionals) introduce their recent scientific findings to develop suitable, applicable, and innovative tools for forecasting, mitigation, and water management as well as society development under seven main research themes as follows: Part 1. Wadi Flash Flood Challenges and Strategies Part 2. Hydrometeorology and Climate Changes Part 3. Rainfall–Runoff Modeling and Approaches Part 4. Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation Part 5. Reservoir Sedimentation and Sediment Yield Part 6. Groundwater Management Part 7. Application and Case Studies The book includes selected high-quality papers from five series of the International Symposium on Flash Floods in Wadi Systems (ISFF) that were held in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 in Japan, Egypt, Oman, Morocco, and Japan, respectively. These collections of chapters could provide valuable guidance and scientific content not only for academics, researchers, and students but also for decision-makers in the MENA region and worldwide

Stone Conservation: An Overview of Current Research

Offers a subjective analysis of what is being done right, what areas of research should be continued, and what new directions should be addressed to increase the effectiveness of stone conservation

Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes

This bibliography lists 623 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between April 1 and June 30, 1983. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis