319,905 research outputs found
ARIES WP3 â Needs and Requirements Analyses
Information and communication technologies have increasingly
influenced and changed our daily life. They allow global
connectivity and easy access to distributed applications and
digital services over the Internet. This report analysis security requirements on trust establishment and trust evaluation based on two different use case scenarios: "Trusted Communication using COTS" and "Trust Establishment for Cross-organizational Crises Management". A systematic needs analysis is performed on both scenarios which haver resulted in a large and well documented set of requirements. This is the first step in a large effort to define a security architecture for the two use case scenarios.
The Feasibility of Dynamically Granted Permissions: Aligning Mobile Privacy with User Preferences
Current smartphone operating systems regulate application permissions by
prompting users on an ask-on-first-use basis. Prior research has shown that
this method is ineffective because it fails to account for context: the
circumstances under which an application first requests access to data may be
vastly different than the circumstances under which it subsequently requests
access. We performed a longitudinal 131-person field study to analyze the
contextuality behind user privacy decisions to regulate access to sensitive
resources. We built a classifier to make privacy decisions on the user's behalf
by detecting when context has changed and, when necessary, inferring privacy
preferences based on the user's past decisions and behavior. Our goal is to
automatically grant appropriate resource requests without further user
intervention, deny inappropriate requests, and only prompt the user when the
system is uncertain of the user's preferences. We show that our approach can
accurately predict users' privacy decisions 96.8% of the time, which is a
four-fold reduction in error rate compared to current systems.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
The Role of International Rules in Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Commercial Disputes
[excerpt] The concept of online dispute resolution (ODR) is not new. 1 But, with the advent of Web 3.0, the distributed web that facilitates pseudonymous and cross-border transactions via blockchain\u27s distributed ledger technology, 2 the idea of, and pressing need for, appropriate dispute resolution models for blockchain-based disputes to support this novel system of distributed consensus and trust of which blockchain proponents boast, is a primary concern in rapid development. 3 The common goal of each project is to utilize smart contracts to facilitate superior, quicker[,] and less expensive proceedings by eliminating so many of the tedious and protracted trappings of traditional arbitral proceedings, such as the sending and receiving of documents via courier. , Despite myriad approaches, all emerging blockchain-based dispute resolution services (BDR solutions) generally seek to bridge the divide between automated performance mechanisms, like smart contracts, and the human judgment traditionally required to settle legal disputes.5
How our existing legal frameworks must develop to ensure that smart contracts 6 facilitate, rather than frustrate, the parties\u27 intent is a critically important question to ask as the blockchain stack\u27s infrastructure and application layers are being built and, ultimately, scaled. Indeed, interest is high in the race to create alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve disputes arising from blockchain-based commercial transactions that, due to the transnational, borderless, pseudonymous, and distributed nature of blockchain, clearly necessitate international solutions.
Collaborative governance for the sustainable development goals
The advent of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals has refocused global attention on the roles of business and other nonstate actors in achieving global goals. Often, business involvement takes the form of collaborations with the more traditional actorsâgovernments and nonâgovernmental organizations. Although such partnerships for development have been seen before, the scale and expectations are new. This paper explores how and why these crossâsector collaborations are evolving, and what steps can or should be taken to ensure that partnerships create public and private value. The arguments are illustrated with reference to cases of marketâdriven partnerships for agriculture in Southeast Asia that are intended to engage marginalized smallholder farmers in global value chains in agriculture. The aims of these crossâsector collaborations coincide with several targets of the Sustainable Development Goals such as poverty alleviation, decreasing environmental impact, and achieving food security. This is a hard case for mechanisms intended to protect public interests, given that the target beneficiaries (lowâincome smallholder farmers and the environment) are unable to speak effectively for themselves. We find that structures and processes to align interests in ways that protect the public interest are both necessary and feasible, though not easy to achieve
Dancing to the Partisan Beat: A First Analysis of Political Communication on TikTok
TikTok is a video-sharing social networking service, whose popularity is
increasing rapidly. It was the world's second-most downloaded app in 2019.
Although the platform is known for having users posting videos of themselves
dancing, lip-syncing, or showcasing other talents, user-videos expressing
political views have seen a recent spurt. This study aims to perform a primary
evaluation of political communication on TikTok. We collect a set of US
partisan Republican and Democratic videos to investigate how users communicated
with each other about political issues. With the help of computer vision,
natural language processing, and statistical tools, we illustrate that
political communication on TikTok is much more interactive in comparison to
other social media platforms, with users combining multiple information
channels to spread their messages. We show that political communication takes
place in the form of communication trees since users generate branches of
responses to existing content. In terms of user demographics, we find that
users belonging to both the US parties are young and behave similarly on the
platform. However, Republican users generated more political content and their
videos received more responses; on the other hand, Democratic users engaged
significantly more in cross-partisan discussions.Comment: Accepted as a full paper at the 12th International ACM Web Science
Conference (WebSci 2020). Please cite the WebSci version; Second version
includes corrected typo
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