41,025 research outputs found
Accurator: Nichesourcing for Cultural Heritage
With more and more cultural heritage data being published online, their
usefulness in this open context depends on the quality and diversity of
descriptive metadata for collection objects. In many cases, existing metadata
is not adequate for a variety of retrieval and research tasks and more specific
annotations are necessary. However, eliciting such annotations is a challenge
since it often requires domain-specific knowledge. Where crowdsourcing can be
successfully used for eliciting simple annotations, identifying people with the
required expertise might prove troublesome for tasks requiring more complex or
domain-specific knowledge. Nichesourcing addresses this problem, by tapping
into the expert knowledge available in niche communities. This paper presents
Accurator, a methodology for conducting nichesourcing campaigns for cultural
heritage institutions, by addressing communities, organizing events and
tailoring a web-based annotation tool to a domain of choice. The contribution
of this paper is threefold: 1) a nichesourcing methodology, 2) an annotation
tool for experts and 3) validation of the methodology and tool in three case
studies. The three domains of the case studies are birds on art, bible prints
and fashion images. We compare the quality and quantity of obtained annotations
in the three case studies, showing that the nichesourcing methodology in
combination with the image annotation tool can be used to collect high quality
annotations in a variety of domains and annotation tasks. A user evaluation
indicates the tool is suited and usable for domain specific annotation tasks
Identity in research infrastructure and scientific communication: Report from the 1st IRISC workshop, Helsinki Sep 12-13, 2011
Motivation for the IRISC workshop came from the observation that identity and digital identification are increasingly important factors in modern scientific research, especially with the now near-ubiquitous use of the Internet as a global medium for dissemination and debate of scientific knowledge and data, and as a platform for scientific collaborations and large-scale e-science activities.

The 1 1/2 day IRISC2011 workshop sought to explore a series of interrelated topics under two main themes: i) unambiguously identifying authors/creators & attributing their scholarly works, and ii) individual identification and access management in the context of identity federations. Specific aims of the workshop included:

• Raising overall awareness of key technical and non-technical challenges, opportunities and developments.
• Facilitating a dialogue, cross-pollination of ideas, collaboration and coordination between diverse – and largely unconnected – communities.
• Identifying & discussing existing/emerging technologies, best practices and requirements for researcher identification.

This report provides background information on key identification-related concepts & projects, describes workshop proceedings and summarizes key workshop findings
Power, Responsibility, and Accountability: Re-Thinking the Legitimacy of Institutions for Climate Finance
Offers lessons from current mechanisms to finance climate mitigation and adaptation and considerations for legitimacy in new ones: the capacity to determine outcomes, the exercise of power as intended, and standards and systems to ensure accountability
Advanced Digital Auditing
This open access book discusses the most modern approach to auditing complex digital systems and technologies. It combines proven auditing approaches, advanced programming techniques and complex application areas, and covers the latest findings on theory and practice in this rapidly developing field. Especially for those who want to learn more about novel approaches to testing complex information systems and related technologies, such as blockchain and self-learning systems, the book will be a valuable resource. It is aimed at students and practitioners who are interested in contemporary technology and managerial implications
Strategic Planning: A Review of Grantee Practices
Provides an analysis of the strategic planning process of nonprofit organizations funded by the foundation, including the process of organizational change. Includes recommendations
Discovering Beaten Paths in Collaborative Ontology-Engineering Projects using Markov Chains
Biomedical taxonomies, thesauri and ontologies in the form of the
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) as a taxonomy or the National
Cancer Institute Thesaurus as an OWL-based ontology, play a critical role in
acquiring, representing and processing information about human health. With
increasing adoption and relevance, biomedical ontologies have also
significantly increased in size. For example, the 11th revision of the ICD,
which is currently under active development by the WHO contains nearly 50,000
classes representing a vast variety of different diseases and causes of death.
This evolution in terms of size was accompanied by an evolution in the way
ontologies are engineered. Because no single individual has the expertise to
develop such large-scale ontologies, ontology-engineering projects have evolved
from small-scale efforts involving just a few domain experts to large-scale
projects that require effective collaboration between dozens or even hundreds
of experts, practitioners and other stakeholders. Understanding how these
stakeholders collaborate will enable us to improve editing environments that
support such collaborations. We uncover how large ontology-engineering
projects, such as the ICD in its 11th revision, unfold by analyzing usage logs
of five different biomedical ontology-engineering projects of varying sizes and
scopes using Markov chains. We discover intriguing interaction patterns (e.g.,
which properties users subsequently change) that suggest that large
collaborative ontology-engineering projects are governed by a few general
principles that determine and drive development. From our analysis, we identify
commonalities and differences between different projects that have implications
for project managers, ontology editors, developers and contributors working on
collaborative ontology-engineering projects and tools in the biomedical domain.Comment: Published in the Journal of Biomedical Informatic
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