Finite difference time domain modeling of steady state scattering from jet engines with moving turbine blades

The approach chosen to model steady state scattering from jet engines with moving turbine blades is based upon the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method is a numerical electromagnetic program based upon the direct solution in the time domain of Maxwell's time dependent curl equations throughout a volume. One of the strengths of this method is the ability to model objects with complicated shape and/or material composition. General time domain functions may be used as source excitations. For example, a plane wave excitation may be specified as a pulse containing many frequencies and at any incidence angle to the scatterer. A best fit to the scatterer is accomplished using cubical cells in the standard cartesian implementation of the FDTD method. The material composition of the scatterer is determined by specifying its electrical properties at each cell on the scatterer. Thus, the FDTD method is a suitable choice for problems with complex geometries evaluated at multiple frequencies. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the FDTD method

Analysis of Metallic Space-Time Gratings using Lorentz Transformations

This paper presents an analytical framework for the study of scattering and diffraction phenomena in spacetime-modulated metallic gratings. Using a Lorentz transformation, it is shown that a particular class of spacetime-modulated gratings behave effectively as moving media. We take advantage of this property to derive a closed analytical solution for the wave scattering problem. In particular, using our formalism it is possible to avoid spacetime Floquet-Bloch expansions, as the solution of the problem in the original laboratory frame (grating parameters are periodic in space and time) is directly linked to a co-moving frame where the metallic grating is time-invariant (grating parameters are periodic only in space). In this way, we identify a fundamental connection between moving metallic gratings and spacetime-modulated metamaterials, and exploit this link to study the nonreciprocal response of the structure. Some limitations and difficulties of the alternative nonrelativistic Galilean approach are discussed and the benefits of the Lorentz approach are highlighted. Finally, some analytical results are presented in order to validate the formalism. The results include scenarios involving TM(p) and TE(s) normal and oblique incidence, even beyond the onset of the diffraction regime. Furthermore, we show how the synthetic Fresnel drag can tailor the Goos-H\"anchen effect and create a specular point shifted towards the direction of the synthetic motion, independent of the sign of the incidence angle.Comment: Published in Physical Review Applied, 20, 014063, 202

Generalized FDTD Scheme for the Simulation of Electromagnetic Scattering in Moving Structures

Electromagnetic scattering in moving structures is a fundamental topic in physics and engineering. Yet, no general numerical solution to related problems has been reported to date. We introduce here a generalized FDTD scheme to remedy this deficiency. That scheme is an extension of the FDTD standard Yee cell and stencil that includes not only the usual, physical fields, but also auxiliary, unphysical fields allowing a straightforward application of moving boundary conditions. The proposed scheme is illustrated by four examples -- a moving interface, a moving slab, a moving crystal and a moving gradient -- with systematic validation against exact solutions.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Study of the interaction of surface waves with a metallic nano-slit via the finite-difference time-domain method

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2007-2008.L’étude de l’interférence entre un plasmon polariton de surface (SPP) avec le faisceau plan lumineux incident sur une nano-fente métallique de dimension sous-longueur d’onde est devenue récemment un sujet fondamental de recherche dans le domaine de la plasmonique afin de mieux comprendre le mécanisme du rehaussement de la transmission optique de la nano-fente. Par la méthode de différences-finies dans le domaine de temps (FDTD), nous avons étudié le mécanisme de couplage du SPP dans la fente nanométrique. L’objectif de ce projet consiste dans un premier temps à la conception et l’implémentation d’un algorithme FDTD flexible et robuste, capable de simuler l’interaction de sources électromagnétiques avec des nanostructures de métal. L’algorithme développé sur la plate-forme Matlab permet de modéliser dans un espace bi-dimensionel des structures diélectriques dispersives. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons employé ce simulateur FDTD pour étudier les mécanismes de couplage entre un SPP et une fente nanométrique percée dans une mince couche d’argent. Notre analyse démontre que le SPP incident à la fente est diffusé par le rebord de la fente et que les charges électriques induites sur les rebords ré-irradient l’énergie électromagnétique à l’intérieur de la fente. De plus, ces charges électriques génèrent des nouveaux SPPs sur les parois de la fente, qui contribuent à la formation de modes Fabry-Pérot le long de l’axe central de la fente. Nous démontrons aussi la formation de modes Fabry-Pérot créés par la multi-réflexion des ondes diffusées entre les parois de la fente. La combinaison de ces deux modes Fabry-Pérot produit une distribution de champ asymétrique dans la fente. Nous démontrons que la phase du SPP, relativement au faisceau incident normal, détermine les conditions d’interférence constructive et destructive correspondant respectivement au rehaussement et à la diminution de la transmission à travers la nano-fente. Finalement, nous avons confirmé la théorie d’interférence entre les champs induits par le SPP incident et le faisceau incident normal par l’addition de leurs amplitudes instantanées.The study of the interference of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) with the incident plane wave on a subwavelength metallic slit has become recently a fundamental subject of research in the domain of plasmonics. One of the objectives is to better understand the phenomenon of enhanced optical transmission through the nano-slit. Using the numerical method of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), we have investigated the coupling mechanisms of the SPP inside the nano-slit. The objective of this project first consists in the conception and implementation of a flexible and robust FDTD algorithm capable of simulating the interaction between electromagnetic sources and metallic nanostructures. The algorithm that we have developed on the Matlab platform is able to model two-dimensional dispersive dielectric structures. The second and main objective is to use this FDTD simulator to investigate the coupling mechanisms between the SPP and a nano-slit pierced into a thin silver film. Our analysis demonstrates that the incident SPP is scattered by the inner edge of the slit and that the scattered waves induce oscillating electric charges on the slit edges which reradiate electromagnetic energy inside the slit. Moreover, these electric charges generate new SPPs on the slit walls which contribute to the formation of Fabry-Pérot modes along the central slit axis. We also show the formation of Fabry-Pérot modes set up by the multi-reflections of scattered waves between the slit walls. The combination of these two Fabry-Pérot modes produces an asymmetric field distribution inside the slit. We demonstrate that the phase of the SPP relatively to the normal incident beam determine the conditions of constructive and destructive interference which correspond, respectively, to the enhancement and suppression of the optical transmission through the nano-slit. Finally, we have confirmed the theory of interference between the induced fields by the SPP and incident normal beam via the superposition of their instantaneous fields

Gratings: Theory and Numeric Applications

International audienceThe book containes 11 chapters written by an international team of specialist in electromagnetic theory, numerical methods for modelling of light diffraction by periodic structures having one-, two-, or three-dimensional periodicity, and aiming numerous applications in many classical domains like optical engineering, spectroscopy, and optical telecommunications, together with newly born fields such as photonics, plasmonics, photovoltaics, metamaterials studies, cloaking, negative refraction, and super-lensing. Each chapter presents in detail a specific theoretical method aiming to a direct numerical application by university and industrial researchers and engineers

Electromagnetic Waves

This volume is based on the contributions of several authors in electromagnetic waves propagations. Several issues are considered. The contents of most of the chapters are highlighting non classic presentation of wave propagation and interaction with matters. This volume bridges the gap between physics and engineering in these issues. Each chapter keeps the author notation that the reader should be aware of as he reads from chapter to the other