Use of AI applications for the drone industry

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry, commonly referred to as the drone industry, has grown rapidly in recent years and changed many industries' operational procedures. Drones are adaptable AUs that have the ability to operate independently or remotely. The drone business has developed into a vibrant, diverse sector with applications in many other industries. Drone technology is set to grow and become more integrated into daily life and corporate operations as long as regulations keep up with technological advancements. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly used in various industries, notably drone companies. AI can improve drone technology's effectiveness, dependability, and efficiency, creating new opportunities for the drone industry to service multiple applications and sectors

ECU-IoFT: A dataset for analysing cyber-attacks on internet of flying things

There has been a significant increase in the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics project-based learning. However, the risks that education providers place their student and staff under is often unknown or undocumented. Low-end consumer drones used within the education sector are vulnerable to state-of-the-art cyberattacks. Therefore, datasets are required to conduct further research to establish cyber defenses for UAVs used within the education sector. This paper showcases the development of the ECU-IoFT dataset, documenting three known cyber-attacks targeting Wi-Fi communications and the lack of security in an affordable off-the-shelf drone. At present, there are no publicly available labeled datasets that reflect cyberattacks on the Internet of Flying Things (IoFT). The majority of the publicly available network traffic datasets are emulated and do not reflect the scenarios/attacks from a real test setup. This dataset will be beneficial for both cybersecurity researchers to develop defense strategies and UAV manufacturers to design more secure products. In the future, endeavors will be taken to incorporate newer attacks and create datasets appropriate for big data analysis

A systematic literature review on Security of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common, and their operational range is expanding tremendously, making the security aspect of the inquiry essential. This study does a thorough assessment of the literature to determine the most common cyberattacks and the effects they have on UAV assaults on civilian targets. The STRIDE assault paradigm, the challenge they present, and the proper tools for the attack are used to categorize the cyber dangers discussed in this paper. Spoofing and denial of service assaults are the most prevalent types of UAV cyberattacks and have the best results. No attack style demands the employment of a hard-to-reach gadget, indicating that the security environment currently necessitates improvements to UAV use in civilian applications.Comment: 10 Pages, 4 Figure

Risk driven models & security framework for drone operation in GNSS-denied environments

Flying machines in the air without human inhabitation has moved from abstracts to reality and the concept of unmanned aerial vehicles continues to evolve. Drones are popularly known to use GPS and other forms of GNSS for navigation, but this has unfortunately opened them up to spoofing and other forms of cybersecurity threats. The use of computer vision to find location through pre-stored satellite images has become a suggested solution but this gives rise to security challenges in the form of spoofing, tampering, denial of service and other forms of attacks. These security challenges are reviewed with appropriate requirements recommended. This research uses the STRIDE threat analysis model to analyse threats in drone operation in GNSS-denied environment. Other threat models were considered including DREAD and PASTA, but STRIDE is chosen because of its suitability and the complementary ability it serves to other analytical methods used in this work. Research work is taken further to divide the drone system into units based in similarities in functions and architecture. They are then subjected to Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The STRIDE threat model is used as base events for the FTA and an FMEA is conducted based on adaptations from IEC 62443-1-1, Network and System Security- Terminology, concepts, and models and IEC 62443-3-2, security risk assessment for system design. The FTA and FMEA are widely known for functional safety purposes but there is a divergent use for the tools where we consider cybersecurity vulnerabilities specifically, instead of faults. The IEC 62443 series has become synonymous with Industrial Automation and Control Systems. However, inspiration is drawn from that series for this work because, drones, as much as any technological gadget in play recently, falls under a growing umbrella of quickly evolving devices, known as Internet of Things (IoT). These IoT devices can be principally considered as part of Industrial Automation and Control Systems. Results from the analysis are used to recommend security standards & requirements that can be applied in drone operation in GNSS-denied environments. The framework recommended in this research is consistent with IEC 62443-3-3, System security requirements and security levels and has the following categorization from IEC 62443-1-1, identification, and authentication control, use control, system integrity, data confidentiality, restricted data flow, timely response to events and resource availability. The recommended framework is applicable and relevant to military, private and commercial drone deployment because the framework can be adapted and further tweaked to suit the context which it is intended for. Application of this framework in drone operation in GNSS denied environment will greatly improve upon the cyber resilience of the drone network system

The future of the internet - the traps of forecasting : the internet of things and augmented reality in a military context

Nowoczesne technologie informatyczne są bronią obusieczną, bo z jednej strony dają ogromną przewagę taktyczną, ale z drugiej są źródłem wielu niebezpieczeństw. Dlatego projektując najbardziej skuteczne rozwiązania w zakresie bezpieczeństwa informatycznego, należy badać współczesne trendy oraz przewidywać możliwe scenariusze przyszłości Internetu i narzędzi internetowych, bo rozwiązania przystosowane do obecnych warunków mogą być nieskuteczne w przyszłości. Mają na to wpływ m.in. czynniki technologiczne związane z rozwojem sprzętu komputerowego czy oprogramowania, a także decyzje, współdziałanie oraz współzawodnictwo. Wyznaczonym w artykule celem badawczym jest wskazanie możliwych kierunków rozwoju dwóch technologii internetowych - Internetu Rzeczy i Rzeczywistości Rozszerzonej - oraz błędów popełnianych przy prognozowaniu ich przyszłości. Drugim celem badawczym jest rozpoznanie zagrożeń będących konsekwencją coraz częstszego i szerszego stosowania obu technologii.Modern information technologies are double-edged weapons, because on the one hand, they provide a huge tactical advantage, but on the other, they are a source of many dangers. Therefore, when designing the most effective solutions in the field of IT security, one should examine contemporary trends and anticipate possible scenarios concerning the future of the Internet and online tools, because solutions suited to the current conditions may be ineffective in the future. This is due not only to technological factors related to the development of computer hardware or software, but also to decisions, cooperation and competition. It is impossible to specify all the factors that will determine the future of the Internet. Therefore, the author's intention is to pay attention to only a few, subjectively selected tendencies. The aim of the article is indicating the possible directions of development of two Internet technologies - the Internet of Things and Augmented Reality, and analysing possible mistakes that could be made in the process. The second research goal is to identify threats that are a consequence of the more frequent and wider use of both technologies

Cross Domain IW Threats to SOF Maritime Missions: Implications for U.S. SOF

As cyber vulnerabilities proliferate with the expansion of connected devices, wherein security is often forsaken for ease of use, Special Operations Forces (SOF) cannot escape the obvious, massive risk that they are assuming by incorporating emerging technologies into their toolkits. This is especially true in the maritime sector where SOF operates nearshore in littoral zones. As SOF—in support to the U.S. Navy— increasingly operate in these contested maritime environments, they will gradually encounter more hostile actors looking to exploit digital vulnerabilities. As such, this monograph comes at a perfect time as the world becomes more interconnected but also more vulnerable

Evaluation of DoS attacks on Commercial Wi-Fi-Based UAVs

One of the biggest challenges for the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in large-scale real-world applications is security.  However, most of research projects related to robotics does not discuss security issues, moving on directly to studying classical problems (i.e., perception, control, planning). This paper evaluates the effects of availability issues (Denial of Service attacks) in two commonly used commercially available UAVs (AR.Drone 2.0 and 3DR SOLO). Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are made while the vehicles are navigating, simulating common conditions found both by the general public and in a research scenario. Experiments show how effective such attacks are and demonstrate actual security breaches that create specific vulnerabilities. The results indicate that both studied UAVs are susceptible to several types of DoS attacks which can critically influence the performance of UAVs during navigation, including a decrease in camera functionality, drops in telemetry feedback and lack of response to remote control commands. We also present a tool that can be used as a failsafe mechanism to alert the user when a drone is reaching out a determined flight limit range, avoiding availability issues