Streaming Video Perfomance FDD Mode in Handover Process on LTE Network

LTE networks were created to improve on previous technologies, where the advantages of LTE networks are at the speed of data transfer and greater service capacity, reduced operational costs and can be integrated with existing technologies.This simulation is used to analyze the video performance of FDD streaming mode in handover process using Network Simulator 3 with 3 cell for different speed and number of users, with delay, packet loss and throughput parameters. The test results show that the performance of streaming video in handover process on all test, not affected by delay value. The highest delay value is still in good category that is 153. 43 ms. The highest packet loss is 54.5% with 60 users at speeds of 100 km / h. The highest throughput value is 0.60 Mbps at a speed of 40 km / h with 5 users and the lowest throughput value is 0.40 Mbps at a speed of 60 km / h with 60 users. The best performance occurred at a speed of 40 km / h, on the contrary at speeds of 70 Km / h and 100 Km / h, the performance decreased due to increased packet loss and decreased throughput value

Performance evaluation of TCP, UDP and DCCP for video traffics over 4G network

Fourth Generation (4G) system has been used more widely than the older generations 3G and 2G. Among the reasons are that the 4G’s transfer rate is higher and it supports all multimedia functions. Besides, its’ supports for wide geographical locus makes wireless technology gets more advanced. The essential goal of 4G is to enable voice-based communication being implemented endlessly. To achieve the goal, this study tries to answer the following research questions: (1), are the old protocols suit with this new technology; (2), which one has the best performance and, (3) which one has the greatest effect on throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio and packet loss. The aforementioned questions are crucial in the performance evaluation of the most famous protocols (particularly User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)) within the 4G environment. Through the Network Simulator-3 (NS-3), the performance of transporting MPEG-4 video stream including throughput, delay, packet loss, and packet delivery ratio are analyzed at the base station through UDP, TCP, and DCCP protocols over 4G’s Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. The results show that DCCP has better throughput, and lesser delay, but at the same time it has more packet loss than UDP and TCP. Based on the results, DCCP is recommended as a transport protocol for real time vide

Mobile Video Streaming Applications: A Systematic Review of Test Metrics in Usability Evaluation

In evaluating the usability of mobile video streaming applications, the performance of the applications comes into focus. This is because the performance of mobile streaming applications affects their usability. From this study, video streaming and video quality are identified as the two most evaluated elements in the usability test of mobile video streaming applications. These elements are affected by several related factors that are peculiar to the mobile platforms and domains. These in turn affect the usability of the applications. In mobile platforms, bandwidth is low and network connections are unstable; this is coupled with the limitations caused by the smallness of the screen sizes of the mobile devices. Furthermore, startup delays, jitter, latency and rebuffering are the determining factors for the performance of mobile video streaming. On the other hand, video quality is determined by frame rate, bit rate, and resolution. These factors present themselves due to the mobile context of mobile streaming applications. They combine to influence the performance of the applications as well as their usability. Therefore, in considering the usability of these set of applications, these factors (metrics) are important as they determine the performance of the applications and by and large also affect the usability of the applications. Other factors identified in the study that affect the usability of mobile streaming applications include: functionality, social context and user interface and appearance. On the whole, this paper presents the results of a systematic review of test metrics in the usability evaluation of mobile video streaming applications. The systematic review approach used include: defining the search strategy, selection of primary studies, the extraction of data, and the implementation of a synthesis strategy. Using this methodology, 238 studies were found; however, only 51 relevant studies were eventually selected for the review. The study reveals that time taken for video streaming and the video quality were the two most popular metrics used in the usability test and evaluation of mobile video streaming applications. Besides, most of the studies concentrated on the usability of mobile TV as users switch from traditional TV to mobile TV

Intelligent Algorithm for Enhancing MPEG-DASH QoE in eMBMS

[EN] Multimedia streaming is the most demanding and bandwidth hungry application in today¿s world of Internet. MPEG-DASH as a video technology standard is designed for delivering live or on-demand streams in Internet to deliver best quality content with the fewest dropouts and least possible buffering. Hybrid architecture of DASH and eMBMS has attracted a great attention from the telecommunication industry and multimedia services. It is deployed in response to the immense demand in multimedia traffic. However, handover and limited available resources of the system affected on dropping segments of the adaptive video streaming in eMBMS and it creates an adverse impact on Quality of Experience (QoE), which is creating trouble for service providers and network providers towards delivering the service. In this paper, we derive a case study in eMBMS to approach to provide test measures evaluating MPEG-DASH QoE, by defining the metrics are influenced on QoE in eMBMS such as bandwidth and packet loss then we observe the objective metrics like stalling (number, duration and place), buffer length and accumulative video time. Moreover, we build a smart algorithm to predict rate of segments are lost in multicast adaptive video streaming. The algorithm deploys an estimation decision regards how to recover the lost segments. According to the obtained results based on our proposal algorithm, rate of lost segments is highly decreased by comparing to the traditional approach of MPEG-DASH multicast and unicast for high number of users.This work has been partially supported by the Postdoctoral Scholarship Contratos Postdoctorales UPV 2014 (PAID-10-14) of the Universitat Politècnica de València , by the Programa para la Formación de Personal Investigador (FPI-2015-S2-884) of the Universitat Politècnica de València , by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad , through the Convocatoria 2014. Proyectos I+D - Programa Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia in the Subprograma Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento , project TIN2014-57991-C3-1-P and through the Convocatoria 2017 - Proyectos I+D+I - Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, convocatoria excelencia (Project TIN2017-84802-C2-1-P).Abdullah, MT.; Jimenez, JM.; Canovas Solbes, A.; Lloret, J. (2017). Intelligent Algorithm for Enhancing MPEG-DASH QoE in eMBMS. Network Protocols and Algorithms. 9(3-4):94-114. https://doi.org/10.5296/npa.v9i3-4.12573S9411493-

Mobile video streaming applications: a systematic review of test metrics in usability evaluation

In evaluating the usability of mobile video streaming applications, the performance of the applications comes into focus.This is because the performance of mobile streaming applications affects their usability. From this study, video streaming and video quality are identified as the two most evaluated elements in the usability test of mobile video streaming applications. These elements are affected by several related factors that are peculiar to the mobile platforms and domains. These in turn affect the usability of the applications. In mobile platforms, bandwidth is low and network connections are unstable; this is coupled with the limitations caused by the smallness of the screen sizes of the mobile devices. Furthermore, startup delays, jitter, latency and rebuffering are the determining factors for the performance of mobile video streaming. On the other hand, video quality is determined by frame rate, bit rate, and resolution. These factors present themselves due to the mobile context of mobile streaming applications. They combine to influence the performance of the applications as well as their usability. Therefore, in considering the usability of these set of applications, these factors (metrics) are important as they determine the performance of the applications and by and large also affect the usability of the applications. Other factors identified in the study that affect the usability of mobile streaming applications include: functionality, social context and user interface and appearance. On the whole, this paper presents the results of a systematic review of test metrics in the usability evaluation of mobile video streaming applications. The systematic review approach used include: defining the search strategy, selection of primary studies, the extraction of data, and the implementation of a synthesis strategy. Using this methodology, 238 studies were found; however, only 51 relevant studies were eventually selected for the review. The study reveals that time taken for video streaming and the video quality were the two most popular metrics used in the usability test and evaluation of mobile video streaming applications. Besides, most of the studies concentrated on the usability of mobile TV as users switch from traditional TV to mobile TV

3D video transmission over LTE

This thesis presents a research work on quality of experience in 3D video transmission over LTE networks. The objective is to study the state-of-art of LTE and 3D video, described in the scientific literature, and to quantify the user quality of experience (QoE) during a simulated LTE transmission. The work will start by a study of the University of Wien “LTE-A System Simulator” and its capabilities. In addition, different scenarios with various users equipment (UEs) and base stations (eNodeBs) densities will be configured and simulated in order to obtain the frame-by-frame Block Error Rate (BLER) values experienced by different UEs. Once obtained, the Block Error Rate frames will be converted to packet level error traces, which will be used to introduce erasures and corruptions into the packetized 3D video bitstream. The corrupted encoded video stream will be decoded using an error-concealment capable video decoder and the decoded/recovered video quality (QoE) will be estimated based on the Structural Similarity Index of the recovered video. Finally, the QoE results for the different system configurations will allow classifying the severity of the QoE degradations due to transmission losses, through inferring the relationship between those system parameters and the achievable QoE.Esta dissertação apresenta um trabalho de investigação sobre a qualidade de experiência numa transmissão de vídeo 3D sobre redes LTE. O objectivo é estudar o estado-da-arte no que respeita a rede LTE e vídeo 3D, descrito na literatura científica, e obter a qualidade de experiência de usuário (QoE) durante uma simulação de transmissão LTE. O trabalho começará por um estudo do University of Wien “LTE-A System Simulator” e as suas capacidades. Para este efeito, vão ser configurados diferentes cenários com distintas densidades de utilizadores (UEs) e estações base (eNodeBs), com o fim de obter a taxa de erros do bloco (BLER) experimentada por diferentes utilizadores. Depois de obter esta taxa, as tramas da taxa de erros do bloco (BLER) serão convertidas em tramas de nível de erro de pacotes, que vão ser usadas para adicionar corrupções de bit em ficheiros de vídeo 3D. O fluxo de vídeo codificado e corrompido será descodificado usando um descodificador de vídeo e a qualidade do vídeo recuperado vai ser calculada com base no Índice de Similitude Estrutural. Finalmente, os resultados de QoE para as diferentes configurações do sistema permitirão classificar o nível das degradações de QoE devido a perdas de transmissão, por meio de inferir a relação entre os parâmetros do sistema e a QoE obtida.Ingeniería de Telecomunicació

Quality-driven resource utilization methods for video streaming in wireless communication networks

This research is focused on the optimisation of resource utilisation in wireless mobile networks with the consideration of the users’ experienced quality of video streaming services. The study specifically considers the new generation of mobile communication networks, i.e. 4G-LTE, as the main research context. The background study provides an overview of the main properties of the relevant technologies investigated. These include video streaming protocols and networks, video service quality assessment methods, the infrastructure and related functionalities of LTE, and resource allocation algorithms in mobile communication systems. A mathematical model based on an objective and no-reference quality assessment metric for video streaming, namely Pause Intensity, is developed in this work for the evaluation of the continuity of streaming services. The analytical model is verified by extensive simulation and subjective testing on the joint impairment effects of the pause duration and pause frequency. Various types of the video contents and different levels of the impairments have been used in the process of validation tests. It has been shown that Pause Intensity is closely correlated with the subjective quality measurement in terms of the Mean Opinion Score and this correlation property is content independent. Based on the Pause Intensity metric, an optimised resource allocation approach is proposed for the given user requirements, communication system specifications and network performances. This approach concerns both system efficiency and fairness when establishing appropriate resource allocation algorithms, together with the consideration of the correlation between the required and allocated data rates per user. Pause Intensity plays a key role here, representing the required level of Quality of Experience (QoE) to ensure the best balance between system efficiency and fairness. The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system is used as the main application environment where the proposed research framework is examined and the results are compared with existing scheduling methods on the achievable fairness, efficiency and correlation. Adaptive video streaming technologies are also investigated and combined with our initiatives on determining the distribution of QoE performance across the network. The resulting scheduling process is controlled through the prioritization of users by considering their perceived quality for the services received. Meanwhile, a trade-off between fairness and efficiency is maintained through an online adjustment of the scheduler’s parameters. Furthermore, Pause Intensity is applied to act as a regulator to realise the rate adaptation function during the end user’s playback of the adaptive streaming service. The adaptive rates under various channel conditions and the shape of the QoE distribution amongst the users for different scheduling policies have been demonstrated in the context of LTE. Finally, the work for interworking between mobile communication system at the macro-cell level and the different deployments of WiFi technologies throughout the macro-cell is presented. A QoEdriven approach is proposed to analyse the offloading mechanism of the user’s data (e.g. video traffic) while the new rate distribution algorithm reshapes the network capacity across the macrocell. The scheduling policy derived is used to regulate the performance of the resource allocation across the fair-efficient spectrum. The associated offloading mechanism can properly control the number of the users within the coverages of the macro-cell base station and each of the WiFi access points involved. The performance of the non-seamless and user-controlled mobile traffic offloading (through the mobile WiFi devices) has been evaluated and compared with that of the standard operator-controlled WiFi hotspots

Modelo de correlación QoS-QoE en un ambiente de aprovisionamiento de servicio de telecomunicaciones OTT-Telco

ANTECEDENTES El aprovisionamiento de la Calidad de la Experiencia (QoE) en servicios de telecomunicaciones requiere de sistemas de gestión que permitan monitorizar y controlar la QoE de los usuarios luego de consumir diferentes servicios de internet provistos sobre la red del operador. En efecto, el consumo elevado de datos por parte de los usuarios requiere, a nivel de gestión de la red, la asignación de recursos suficientes para el correcto funcionamiento de los servicios. En particular, la configuración de la Calidad del Servicio (QoS) ofrecida por el operador dentro de su dominio de operación se torna fundamental para proveer un tratamiento apropiado del tráfico, permitiendo que la percepción de la calidad del servicio por parte de los usuarios finales pueda mantenerse dentro del umbral de tolerancia de acuerdo con las políticas establecidas por la compañía de telecomunicaciones (Telco). En consecuencia, un modelo de correlación QoS-QoE es clave en el aprovisionamiento de servicios de internet sobre la infraestructura del operador de telecomunicaciones. OBJETIVOS La presente tesis de doctorado se centra en proponer un modelo de correlación QoS-QoE en un ambiente de aprovisionamiento de servicios de telecomunicaciones OTT-Telco. Para ello, cinco acciones generales deben llevarse a cabo; a saber: () caracterizar los parámetros de QoS que mayor efecto tienen en la degradación de servicios OTT. () determinar las características, condiciones, parámetros y medidas de QoE en la prestación de un servicio OTT. () establecer las condiciones y restricciones de prestación de un servicio OTT en la infraestructura de una Telco que mantenga una buena relación QoS-QoE. () desarrollar un mecanismo de estimación o predicción de QoE con base en los factores de influencia de QoS que afectan la prestación de un servicio OTT. () evaluar experimentalmente el modelo de correlación QoE-QoS. MÉTODOS Para el cumplimiento de los objetivos, se definió un modelo integrado por un macro-componente Conceptualización y otro Operacional. El macro-componente Conceptualización está orientado por el referente metodológico para la construcción de marcos conceptuales de Jabareen, y el macro-componente Operacional está alineado con las fases definidas para el desarrollo de proyectos de minería de datos, CRISP-DM. Adicionalmente, se emplearon diseños de comprobación para los algoritmos, con el fin de comprobar la validez del modelo de estimación basado en algoritmos de aprendizaje automático; es decir, el modelo de estimación fue evaluado a partir de un diseño de comprobación donde se definen, para cada uno de los algoritmos, los parámetros iniciales de operación, las configuraciones de las diferentes pruebas, y las métricas usadas para evaluar su desempeño. RESULTADOS Los resultados más importantes alcanzados son los siguientes: un mapa estratégico del estado de la ciencia en el aprovisionamiento de la QoE para servicios OTT, una conceptualización de los perfiles del modelo de correlación, un modelo matemático para la valoración de la QoE de acuerdo con el comportamiento de consumo de los usuarios, un conjunto de datos de tráfico etiquetado que relaciona el comportamiento de la red con la percepción de la calidad de los usuarios, y un modelo de estimación de la QoE de los usuarios a partir del comportamiento de tráfico de la red. CONCLUSIONES El modelo de correlación QoS-QoE puede ser empleado en sistemas gestión de la QoE donde se requiere por parte de la Telco un diagnóstico y monitorización más objetiva de la percepción de la calidad del servicio por parte de sus usuarios dentro su red de aprovisionamiento. De igual manera, el empleo de parámetros adicionales de contexto de usuario enriquecería los sistemas de gestión de la QoE en el aprovisionamiento de servicios OTT.BACKGROUND Quality of Experience (QoE) provisioning requires robust QoE-centric network and application management on Telco network for providing internet services. Indeed, traffic growth over Telco network demands resource allocation for service well performance. Particularly, Quality of Service (QoS) configuration offered by network provider operational domain becomes a key component for traffic control in a proper manner. Hence, the quality of services perceived can be managed within a tolerance threshold according to telecom operator policies. Therefore, a QoS-QoE correlational model for internet services provisioning over the telecom operator infrastructure is required. AIMS The doctoral thesis is focused on propose a correlation QoS-QoE model for provisioning telecommunications services in OTT-Telco context. To this end, five goals must be accomplishing. () To characterize QoS parameters that more impact have on OTT services performance. () To determinate QoE assumptions, features, parameters, and metrics for OTT service provisioning. () To establish the assumptions and restrictions for providing a well QoS-QoE relation in the telecom operator. () To develop an estimation model for QoE based on QoS factors in the OTT services provisioning. () To evaluate the correlation QoS-QoE model. METHODS To accomplish the aims, a model with a Conceptual and Operational macro-component was structured. The Conceptual macro-component is based on the principles for building conceptual frameworks by Jabareen, and an Operational macro-component aligned with data mining project development phases, CRISP-DM. Furthermore, test bed design was structured to validate the estimation model base on machine learning algorithms; namely, algorithms initial parameters, some tests setup, and regression metrics were determined on a test bed for validate the performance of the estimation model proposed RESULTS The most relevant results achieved are the following: a strategic science map in the QoE provisioning for OTT services, three conceptual profiles as part of the correlation QoS-QoE model, a mathematical model for QoE assessment according to user consumption behavior, a label traffic dataset that relates the traffic network with quality of services perception, and estimation QoE model for users based on traffic flows. CONCLUSIONS The QoS-QoE correlational model can be applied in QoE-Driven application and network management in which an objective controlling and monitoring of quality of services perception by users is required. Moreover, additional user context parameters could be taking account for improving the QoE management systems in OTT services provisioning.Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Informática por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Jesús García Herrero.- Secretario: José Armando Ordóñez Córdoba.- Vocal: Juan Carlos Cuéllar Quiñóne