The role of syntactic structure in children's sentence comprehension: Evidence from the dative

Research has demonstrated that young children quickly acquire knowledge of how the structure of their language encodes meaning. However, this work focused on structurally simple transitives. The present studies investigate childrens' comprehension of the double object dative (e.g., I gave him the box) and the prepositional dative (e.g., I gave the box to him). In Study 1, 3- and 4-year-olds correctly preferred a transfer event reading of prepositional datives with novel verbs (e.g., I'm glorping the rabbit to the duck) but were unable to interpret double object datives (e.g., I'm glorping the duck the rabbit). In Studies 2 and 3, they were able to interpret both dative types when the nouns referring to the theme and recipient were canonically marked (Study 2; I'm glorping the rabbit to Duck) and, to a lesser extent, when they were distinctively but noncanonically marked (Study 3: I'm glorping rabbit to the Duck). Overall, the results suggest that English children have some verb-general knowledge of how dative syntax encodes meaning by 3 years of age, but successful comprehension may require the presence of additional surface cues

Differance and paranoia

This exploratory essay aims to open différance to a form of enquiry it has not seen coming. A consideration of the complex temporality that attends its historical emergence leads to a specifically différantial articulation of spatio-temporality. A residual element of spacing before/behind spatiotemporality provokes further consideration. The notion of verbality is introduced to provide analytical purchase. Analysis identifies a fundamental mannerism in différance; a participative and orchestrative spacance. Différance participates too determinately in this spacing, as this spacing. The paper thus urges différance to rewrite this element quasimetaphorically. In the ensuing drama, différance can rewrite the metaphor of spacing only by relying again on the spacing of metaphor. Unable to rewrite itself quickly enough, nonetheless compelled, an unexpected dimension opens

A Translation Analysis On Verb Phrase In Divergent Novel By Anggun Prameswari

The research paper analysisEnglishverb phrase inDivergentnovel. The study aims (1) at identifyingtranslation variations of Englishverb phrase found in Divergentnovel and (2) atdescribing the accuracy translation of English verb phrase found in Divergent novel. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is thenovel entitled Divergentand its translation. The data of this study is English verb phrase found in Divergentnovel. Data source used in this research are the documentation of the data research paper and the informants. The researcher uses document, and questionnaire, in collecting data. The data are analyzed by using comparing method. Based on the analysis, there are 9 types of English verb phrase. They are verb phrase translated into Indonesian verb consists of 159 or 2,97% data, 1 or 0,2% data Englishverb phrase translated into Indonesiannoun, 13 or 2,4% data Englishverb phrase translated into Indonesian adjective, 11 or 2% data English verb phrase translated into Indonesian adverb, 32 or 6% data English verb phrase translated into Indonesian adjective phrase, 16 or 3% data English verb phrase translated into Indonesian adverb phrase, 4 or 0,7% data English verb phrase translated into Indonesian noun phrase, 270 or 50,4% English verb phrase translated into Indonesian verb phrase, and 30 or 5,6% deletion. In their accuracy, from 1124English modal verb there are 174 data or 15,5% accurate, 902 data or 80,2% less accurate and 48 data or 4,3% not accurate. It can be concluded that from 1124 data English verb phrase translation variations are accurate

Towards a source-oriented approach to typological universals

Typological universals are skewed distributional patterns whereby languages recurrently display certain grammatical patterns as opposed to others. Explanations for these patterns are usually based on their synchronic properties, not actual diachronic processes that shape the pattern cross-linguistically. The paper discusses diachronic evidence about the origins of some typological universals pertaining to word order and aspect/tense conditioned alignment splits. This evidence poses two general challenges for synchronically based explanations of typological universals. First, the relevant patterns do not obviously arise because of the principles postulated to account for these patterns on synchronic grounds. Second, the development of these patterns is a combined result of multiple diachronic processes. These facts point to a new, source-oriented approach to typological universals, one focusing on what source constructions and developmental mechanisms play a role in the shaping of individual patterns, rather than the synchronic properties of the pattern in itself

Kiswahili Verbs: A Lexicographical Challenge

This article makes three significant claims about Kiswahili verbs. By investigating the verbal root pend- 'love' the article claims that the agglutinative nature of Bantu languages is at the core of the morphological fecundity of Kiswahili verbs. Evidenced both vertically and horizontally, the fecundity brings in, respectively, extensions and derivations. The article claims further that each of the extensions of the verb can, theoretically at least, participate in derivational processes. The second claim is that this fecundity triggers lexicographical problems of choice and semantic analysis. Specifically, the article underscores the need for selectivity of information to control the density of the dictionary entry. Yet, selectivity presupposes a thorough analysis of the morpho-syntactic behaviour of the verb in its many extended and derived forms. Indeed, such an analysis presupposes, in turn, an eclectic use of many linguistic theories. Bantu lexicography must be up front in making theoretically sound decisions. Finally, on the basis of linguistic theories, lexicogra-phy becomes a concretization of the mental lexicon claimed to be part of the competence of the native speaker. Keywords: kiswahili, verbs, lexicography, lexicon, dictionary, inflec-tion, extension, derivation, causative, sound-meaning, root, citatio

Contingency Management in a Language Development Program

The problem was two-fold. The first part of the problem was the investigation of whether a person with no formal training in speech could successfully administer Gray\u27s (1970) language development program. The second part of the problem was the investigation of whether the two subjects involved would gain the ability to use new language structures