Magnesium doped calcium phosphate sodium alginate biocomposite for bone implant application

Calcium phosphate (CaP) usually been used for bone implant application due to the similarity mineral in natural bone and it is bioactive and biocompatible material. However, CaP has low mechanical strength under load bearing condition and limited on certain application only. Therefore, sodium alginate (SA), a natural polymer is combined with CaP and doped with magnesium (Mg) to improve the properties of the CaP. CaP/SA biocomposite was successfully prepared by using precipitation method with different ratio of CaP/SA (100/0, 99/1, 97/3, 95/5, 90/10, and 80/20). 95/5 ratio of CaP/SA which the optimum properties of density, hardness, and microstructure analysis was selected to doped with Mg. The composite was then doped with different weight percentage of Mg (0 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%) by using similar method. From FTIR analysis, the addition of Mg in CaP was observed decreasing the phosphate group intensity due to substitution of Mg in CaP that also supported in XRD analysis where new phase was formed in Mg doping that belongs to Mg-whitlockite (Ca2.71Mg0.29(PO4)2. Furthermore, the addition of SA and Mg was confirmed by EDS analysis where the mass percentage of these elements were increased as increasing the SA and Mg content. Microstructure from SEM has shown formation small and large grain with average grain size obtained 2.61 μm which leds to the strong bonding resulted maximum hardness at 5.34GPa after doped with 1.5wt%. The density also improved at similar weight percentage with 2.92g/cm3. From the result, 1.5wt% Mg that has been doped with 95/5 CaP/SA was showed the best combination based on physical and mechanical properties

Principles for aerospace manufacturing engineering in integrated new product introduction

This article investigates the value-adding practices of Manufacturing Engineering for integrated New Product Introduction. A model representing how current practices align to support lean integration in Manufacturing Engineering has been defined. The results are used to identify a novel set of guiding principles for integrated Manufacturing Engineering. These are as follows: (1) use a data-driven process, (2) build from core capabilities, (3) develop the standard, (4) deliver through responsive processes and (5) align cross-functional and customer requirements. The investigation used a mixed-method approach. This comprises case studies to identify current practice and a survey to understand implementation in a sample of component development projects within a major aerospace manufacturer. The research contribution is an illustration of aerospace Manufacturing Engineering practices for New Product Introduction. The conclusions will be used to indicate new priorities for New Product Introduction and the cross-functional interactions to support flawless and innovative New Product Introduction. The final principles have been validated through a series of consultations with experts in the sponsoring company to ensure that correct and relevant content has been defined

Variation propagation of bench vises in multi-stage machining processes

Comunicación presentada a MESIC 2019 8th Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference (Madrid, 19-21 de Junio de 2019)Variation propagation has been successfully modeled by the Stream of Variation (SoV) approach in multistage machining processes. However, the SoV model basically supports 3-2-1 fixtures based on punctual locators and other workholding systems such as conventional vises are not considered yet. In this paper, the SoV model is expanded to include the fixture- and datum-induced variations on workholding devices such as bench vises. The model derivation is validated through assembly and machining simulations on Computer Aided Design software. The case study analyzed shows an average error of part quality prediction between the SoV model and the CAD simulations of 0.26%

Waste reduction possibilities in a manufacturing process

In this paper the manufacturing process of a high load-bearing capacity gear is introduced. These gears are built into truck and bus transmission systems and are machined at a high level of accuracy. The process has particular importance not only because the accuracy has to be ensured but because the machining of precision components requires relatively complicated processes. Here the process was described and quantified for a given component. The focus was on one-piece flow of components and its effect on decreasing lead time. On the basis of the analysis it was shown that one-piece flow can significantly decrease the lead time but the time spent with material handling increases, which results in a load on the operator or the material handling equipment. Therefore, multi-variable optimization is needed. The available results can be used for improvement of manufacturing processes of other component groups manufactured by similar technology

Lean implementation to improve scheduling for a multi-cell manufacturing facility

Includes bibliographical references

Value stream mapping for software development process

Includes bibliographical references

Applications of lean thinking: a briefing document

This report has been put together by the Health and Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC) at the University of Salford for the Department of Health. The need for the report grew out of two main simple questions, o Is Lean applicable in sectors other than manufacturing? o Can the service delivery sector learn from the success of lean in manufacturing and realise the benefits of its implementation?The aim of the report is to list together examples of lean thinking as it is evidenced in the public and private service sector. Following a review of various sources a catalogue of evidence is put together in an organised manner which demonstrates that Lean principles and techniques, when applied rigorously and throughout an entire organization/unit, they can have a positive impact on productivity, cost, quality, and timely delivery of services

Implementation of virtual manufacturing by a technology licensing company

NoThe paper considers the implementation of a virtual manufacturing system as an alternative to outward technology licensing in a high technology industrial sector. Brief theoretical definition and description of the two strategy options is provided to give background and context. This is followed by empirical material from a longitudinal case study of a company that has developed a virtual manufacturing system in addition to its pre-existing outward technology licensing business stream. A summary account of the company history and development is followed by description of the virtual manufacturing proposal. Analysis of this identified a number of competencies that would be required in order to succeed. The final part of the paper describes the company's response to this analysis and discusses early implementation of the virtual system. It is shown that implementation of the proposal has represented a positive response to the business challenges facing the company