Real-Time Digital Simulators: A Comprehensive Study on System Overview, Application, and Importance

The multifarious improvements in computational and simulation tools have brought tremendous progress in the field of designing, testing and analyzing technologies. In this paper, the technological aspects and the concept of modern real-time digital simulators are presented. The real-time simulator functions in real time, thus it produces continuous output that realistically represents the conditions of a real system. Also, in a real-time simulator the user can test physical devices. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the features and roles of the advanced simulator technologies. Also, User-friendly system interface, easy application in system design and testing, and most importantly cost effectiveness are the most desire features for implying these simulator into a research. Therefore, this paper summarizes all significant features by considering the above-mentioned facts of some most popular, globally, and commercially available simulator technologies. Real Time Digital Simulators (RTDS), OPAL-RT, Network Torsion Machine Control (NETOMAC), dSPACE, Real-Time solution by MathWorks (xPC target, Real-Time Windows target), Power_system Online_simulation Unveil Your Analysis (POUYA) Simulator and Typhoon HIL Simulator are discussed in this review paper based on the accessibility of information. A summarization of these simulators’ background, hardware, software and communication protocols are presented. Applications of these above-mentioned simulators are also added to understand the potentials of these simulators

MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

High voltage direct current (HVDC) is one of the technologies in electrical transmission system. It is established as an alternative to AC transmission system. The main purpose ofthis project is to model and simulate the HVDC system by using software. The scope of this project is to cover the concepts about transmission system, specifically HVDC.In fact, familiarization with softwaresuch as ATPwill be covered too as it will assist in the modeling and simulation stage. The systematic approaches such as research, modeling, simulation, validation and troubleshooting in accomplishing this project are discussed in the chapter of methodology. Assessments on several softwares were conducted in order to identify the best software in studying the behavior of HVDC system. Besides that, data taken from real HVDC project, which is EGAT/TNB HVDC Interconnection Project, will be discussed too. Comparison between the simulated results and the real data were carried out in order to validate the findings from the simulation. Based on the evaluation made on the relevant software, it is found that ATP is the best software to be utilized in this project. Subsequently, simulations were conducted by using ATP and desired waveforms were obtained since they managed to resemble the real data and consistent with the theoretical concept

DESIGN OF ECG SYSTEM FOR REMOTE DATA COLLECTION

The article introduces the remote ECG data collecting system. The system consists of a one-lead ECG device connectable via USB to a smartphone, an Android application, a server, and a web application. The ECG device is designed as a USB dongle with small dimensions and uses On-the-Go (OTG) powering technique. These features classify the developed device as wearables. The measured ECG data are stored in the smartphone's internal memory and transmitted to the remote biobank server at predefined time intervals for archiving and subsequent processing. The functionality of Android and the web application are also described in the article. Both applications have a user-friendly graphical user interface. The proposed system was tested in two scenarios: ECG measured on the patient simulator and living subject. The measured raw ECG signals are suitable for basic diagnostics of cardiac health and confirmed the correct function of the proposed system

Hardware Prototype for a Multi Agent Grid Management System

There is great effort in the power industry to incorporate Smart Grid functionalities to existing power systems. Distributed generation and the hardware necessary to interface the existing grid, as well as control algorithms to efficiently couple and operate these systems are being researched and implemented extensively. However, the added complexity of such components results in greater opportunities for failure in a system which is already challenging to protect.;There is great effort in the power industry to incorporate Smart Grid functionalities to existing power systems. Distributed generation and the hardware necessary to interface the existing grid, as well as control algorithms to efficiently couple and operate these systems are being researched and implemented extensively. However, the added complexity of such components results in greater opportunities for failure in a system which is already challenging to protect.;There is great effort in the power industry to incorporate Smart Grid functionalities to existing power systems. Distributed generation and the hardware necessary to interface the existing grid, as well as control algorithms to efficiently couple and operate these systems are being researched and implemented extensively. However, the added complexity of such components results in greater opportunities for failure in a system which is already challenging to protect.;There is great effort in the power industry to incorporate Smart Grid functionalities to existing power systems. Distributed generation and the hardware necessary to interface the existing grid, as well as control algorithms to efficiently couple and operate these systems are being researched and implemented extensively. However, the added complexity of such components results in greater opportunities for failure in a system which is already challenging to protect

Validation Platform for Grid Forming Control Strategies of Power Electronic Inverters. From Component to System Level Validation

Development of two platforms used to perform component and system level validation of grid forming techniques. In this thesis novel grid forming techniques are implemented in a control card and tested in real-time

PAD: A New Interactive Knowledge-Based Analog Design Approach

This paper presents a new Procedural Analog Design tool called PAD. It is a chart-based design environment dedicated to the design of analog circuits aiming to optimize design and quality by finding good tradeoffs. This interactive tool allows step-by-step design of analog cells by using guidelines for each analog topology. Its interactive interface enables instantaneous visualization of design tradeoffs. At each step, the user modifies interactively one subset of design parameters and observes the effect on other circuit parameters. At the end, an optimized design is ready for simulation (verification and fine-tuning). The present version of PAD covers the design of basic analog structures (one transistor or groups of transistors) and the procedural design of transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and different operational amplifier topologies. The basic analog structures' calculator embedded in PAD uses the complete set of equations of the EKV MOS model, which links the equations for weak and strong inversion in a continuous way [1, 2]. Furthermore, PAD provides a layout generator for matched substructures such as current mirrors, cascode stages and differential pair

Digital signal processor fundamentals and system design

Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) have been used in accelerator systems for more than fifteen years and have largely contributed to the evolution towards digital technology of many accelerator systems, such as machine protection, diagnostics and control of beams, power supply and motors. This paper aims at familiarising the reader with DSP fundamentals, namely DSP characteristics and processing development. Several DSP examples are given, in particular on Texas Instruments DSPs, as they are used in the DSP laboratory companion of the lectures this paper is based upon. The typical system design flow is described; common difficulties, problems and choices faced by DSP developers are outlined; and hints are given on the best solution

Verification of ZVS boost converter with resonant circuit & modelling of an accurate two-diode PV array system simulator using MATLAB simulink

This thesis proposes a MATLAB Simulink simulator for Photo Voltaic (PV) Array system. The main contribution is the utilisation of a Two-Diode model to represent a PV cell. This model is preferred because of its better accuracy at low irradiance levels. A PV of Kyocera (KC200GT) 50*10 Array is taken & the characteristics curves are plotted. The same simulator can be interfaced with MPPT algorithms & Power Electronics converters for better efficiency. The P-V & I-V Curves of this simulator is found in exact with that given by the manufacturers. It is expected that the proposed work can be very useful for PV professionals who require a simple, fast & accurate PV simulator in order to design their systems. A detailed analysis of a resonant circuit based soft-switching boost-converter for PV applications is also performed. The converter operates at Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) turn-on and turn-off of the main switch, & Zero Current Switching (ZCS) turn-on and ZVS turn-off of the auxiliary switch due to resonant circuit incorporated into the circuit. Detailed operation of the converters, analysis of various modes, simulation as well as experimental results for the design has also been aptly presented. The systems are modelled & simulated in MATLAB 2013a 64-bit version and the output waveforms are shown