太陽光発電が導入された配電系統における蓄電池の最適計画・制御手法に関する研究

早大学位記番号:新8188早稲田大

Impact of large scale PV deployment in the sizing of urban distribution transformers

UID/SOC/04647/2013 SFRH/BPD/76893/2011With the increasing deployment of solar systems in buildings in urban environments, a future scenario of high photovoltaic penetration is expected to produce impacts on the distribution grid. One of the challenges relates to the power balance at the power transformers, which might not have sufficient spare capacity to accommodate the solar electricity feed in. In this work, we estimate the power balance at the transformers in a small urban area of Lisbon, Portugal, considering full deployment of PV, installed on rooftops and building façades. The PV potential is estimated through two different approaches: the simplified Peak power method, which considers the typical peak power of a module and the available area, and the more labour-intensive Irradiance method that accounts for hourly time step solar irradiance and demand data or simulations. The main findings of this work point out that the Peak power method has limited success if PV facades are to be considered. Moreover, a high PV penetration scenario leads to a locally less resilient grid, hence a solar PV factor was proposed to account for future deployment of PV systems in urban environments.publishersversionpublishe

Solar/hydrogen systems assessment. Volume 1: Solar/hydrogen systems for the 1985 - 2000 time frame

Opportunities for commercialization of systems capable of producing hydrogen from solar energy were studied. The hydrogen product costs that might be achieved by the four selected candidate systems was compared with the pricing structure and practices of the commodity gas market. Subsequently, product cost and market price match was noted to exist in the small user sector of the hydrogen marketplace. Barriers to and historical time lags in, commercialization of new technologies are reviewed. Recommendations for development and demonstration programs designed to accelerate the commercialization of the candidate systems are presented

Economic and technical study of integration for an energy storage system with photovoltaic plant as a power curtailment solution

Questa tesi presenta una revisione e una classificazione dei sistemi di stoccaggio esistenti e della loro applicazione, inoltre fornisce una struttura di pianificazione dell'aspetto tecnico-economico dell'integrazione di sistemi di stoccaggio con la riduzione degli impianti fotovoltaici in modo che la produzione e l'utilizzo dell'energia rinnovabile possa gradualmente spostarsi ad utilizzare questa tipologia di sistemi

Grid Interaction Performance Evaluation of BIPV and Analysis with Energy Storage On Distributed Network Power Management

This research focuses on analysis of photovoltaic (PV) based active generator in microgrid and its utilization in not only for operational planning of the power system but also for instantaneous power flow management in the smart grid environment. The application of this system is part of a solution on handling a large scale deployment of grid connected distributed generators, especially PV system. By implementing the PV based active generator, it will be very flexible able to manage the power delivery from the active generator sources (e.g. PV system, energy storage technologies, active power conditioning devices). In Southern Norway, a smart village Skarpnes is developed for ZEBs. These ZEBs have Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system. The energy efficient housing development should consider that a building should produce the same amount of electrical energy as its annual requirements (i.e. ZEB). In future, ZEBs are going to play a significant role in the upcoming smart grid development due to their contribution on the on-site electrical generation, energy storage, demand side management etc. In this work the main objective is to evaluate the usefulness of ZEBs for load matching with BIPV generation profiles and grid interaction analysis. Impact of BIPV system has been investigated on the distributed network power flow as well as on protection and protective relays analysis. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis of BIPV system is presented which will be useful to the utility for developing new business models as well as demand side management (DSM) strategies and for decentralized energy storage. The real operational results of a year are analyzed for annual energy balance with on-site BIPV generation and local load. This work provides quantitative analysis of various grid interaction parameters suitable to describe energy performance of the BIPV. The load matching and grid interaction parameters are calculated for a house to find relationship of BIPV generation and building load. The loss of load probability is analyzed for fulfilling the local load at desired reliability level. Results of this work are going to be useful for developing DSM strategies and energy storage as well as import/export energy to the grid. This work will be beneficial for future planning of the distributed network when the BIPV penetrations are going to increase

Optimal configuration of hybrid AC/DC urban distribution networks for high penetration renewable energy

Existing AC medium-voltage distribution networks are facing challenges on handling increasing loads and renewable energy integrations. However, it is very difficult to build new distribution lines in urban areas. This study proposes a configuration method of hybrid AC/DC medium-voltage distribution networks, in which some existing AC lines are converted to DC operation. Existing topologies and dispatching scenarios are considered during configuration because the overall power flow can be rescheduled in the hybrid AC/DC distribution network. Therefore, transfer capacities of the lines are fully utilised, and more renewable energies are accommodated. A bi-level programming model is established embedding chance constraint programming to consider the intermittent output of renewable energy. In the upper level, a multiple objective optimal model is proposed in order to balance investments, power losses, and the maximum load level and renewable energy capacity. In the lower level, daily operations of the newly installed VSCs are optimised by a chance constraint programming. The influences of energy storage systems on the configuration are also analysed. Simulation studies are performed to verify the proposed method