Simultaneous Data Communication and Power Transfer Technique with Multiport Interferometric Receiver

RÉSUMÉ Le problème de la communication est généralement présenté comme un problème de trans-mission d’un message généré d’un point a un autre. Certains systèmes de communication modernes sou˙rent de contraintes énergétiques sévères. Avec le développement rapide des systèmes électroniques sans fil de faible puissance, d’innombrables activités de recherche ont été menées en vue d’explorer la faisabilité d’une alimentation à distance ou sans fil de ces systèmes. Par conséquent, la transmission d’énergie sans fil (WPT) est en cours de développe-ment en tant que technique prometteuse pour alimenter des appareils électroniques à distance et pour prolonger la durée de vie des réseaux sans fil à contrainte d’énergie. Parmi les éner-gies renouvelables récoltées dans l’environnement, les signaux RF rayonnés par les émetteurs peuvent être une ressource viable pour le transfert d’énergie sans fil, tandis que les signaux RF ont été largement utilisés comme véhicule pour la transmission d’informations sans fil (WIT). Par conséquent, le transfert simultané d’informations et la plateforme de transfert de puissance sans fil (SWIPT) deviennent bénéfiques, car il réalise les deux utilisations utiles des signaux RF en même temps et il o˙re ainsi potentiellement une grande commodité aux utilisateurs mobiles. L’antenne redresseuse, qui combine des fonctionnalités du redresseur et de l’antenne, est un élément clé pour la transmission et la récolte d’énergie sans fil. L’eÿcacité de conversion du circuit de redressement détermine les performances globales de l’antenne redresseuse. Par conséquent, pour concevoir une antenne redresseuse à haute eÿcacité qui peut garantir la qualité d’un système WPT, il convient de se concentrer davantage sur l’investigation, l’analyse et le développement de redresseurs axés sur les performances en référence à une eÿcacité de conversion radio fréquence à courant continu. D’un autre côté, les circuits redresseurs peuvent simplement récupérer l’énergie et ils ne peuvent pas décoder le signal transmis pour fins de communication. Cependant, la transmission de données est une exigence essentielle des systèmes de communication sans fil. Par conséquent, si la capacité de détection et de traitement du signal peut être ajoutée à une architecture antenne redresseuse, un récepteur avec transmission de puissance sans fil et communication de données simultanées peut être réalisé. Ce mémoire vise à étudier et à démontrer un récepteur de multifonction et de multiport qui a la capacité de collecter simultanément l’énergie sans fil et les données de communication fonctionnant à la fréquence des microondes.----------ABSTRACT The problem of communication is usually cast as one of transmitting a message generated at one point to another point. Some modern communication systems are known to suffer from severe energy constraints and power consumptions. With the rapid development of low power wireless electronic systems, countless research activities have been carried out to explore the feasibility of a remote or wireless powering of those systems. Therefore, wireless power transmission (WPT) is being developed as a promising technique, for powering electronic devices over distance and for prolonging the lifetime of energy constrained wireless networks. Among the renewable energy harvested from the environment, the RF signals radiated by transmitters can be a viable resource for wireless power transfer, while RF signals have been widely used as a vehicle for wireless information transmission (WIT). Therefore, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) platform becomes appealing since it realizes both useful utilizations of RF signals at the same time, and thus potentially offers great convenience to mobile users. The rectenna, combining the functionalities of rectifier and antenna, is a key element for wireless power transmission and harvesting. The conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit determines the overall performance of the rectenna. Therefore, to design a high-efficiency rectenna that can guarantee the quality of a WPT system, more focus should be concentrated on the investigation, analysis and development performance-driven rectifiers with reference to high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency. On the other hand, rectenna circuits can just scavenge energy and they cannot decode the transmitted signal for communication purpose. How-ever, the data transmission is an essential requirement of wireless communication systems. Therefore, if the ability of signal detection and processing can be added to a rectenna architecture then a multi-function receiver with simultaneous wireless power transmission and data communication can be realized.This dissertation aims to investigate and demonstrate a multi-function and multi-port receiver with the capability of simultaneous wireless energy harvesting and data communication operating at microwave frequency. To achieve these goals, it becomes interesting when a single receiver chain is able to convert the RF power to DC power, while at the same time converting the RF modulated signal to BaseBand (BB) signal. Therefore, the fundamental methodology to receive and convert the RF signal to BB while simultaneously harvesting power is derived and analyzed in this work

Principles, fundamentals, and applications of programmable integrated photonics

[EN] Programmable integrated photonics is an emerging new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware resource configurations, capable of implementing an unconstrained variety of functionalities by suitable programming, following a parallel but not identical path to that of integrated electronics in the past two decades of the last century. Programmable integrated photonics is raising considerable interest, as it is driven by the surge of a considerable number of new applications in the fields of telecommunications, quantum information processing, sensing, and neurophotonics, calling for flexible, reconfigurable, low-cost, compact, and low-power-consuming devices that can cooperate with integrated electronic devices to overcome the limitation expected by the demise of Moore¿s Law. Integrated photonic devices exploiting full programmability are expected to scale from application-specific photonic chips (featuring a relatively low number of functionalities) up to very complex application-agnostic complex subsystems much in the same way as field programmable gate arrays and microprocessors operate in electronics. Two main differences need to be considered. First, as opposed to integrated electronics, programmable integrated photonics will carry analog operations over the signals to be processed. Second, the scale of integration density will be several orders of magnitude smaller due to the physical limitations imposed by the wavelength ratio of electrons and light wave photons. The success of programmable integrated photonics will depend on leveraging the properties of integrated photonic devices and, in particular, on research into suitable interconnection hardware architectures that can offer a very high spatial regularity as well as the possibility of independently setting (with a very low power consumption) the interconnection state of each connecting element. Integrated multiport interferometers and waveguide meshes provide regular and periodic geometries, formed by replicating unit elements and cells, respectively. In the case of waveguide meshes, the cells can take the form of a square, hexagon, or triangle, among other configurations. Each side of the cell is formed by two integrated waveguides connected by means of a Mach¿Zehnder interferometer or a tunable directional coupler that can be operated by means of an output control signal as a crossbar switch or as a variable coupler with independent power division ratio and phase shift. In this paper, we provide the basic foundations and principles behind the construction of these complex programmable circuits. We also review some practical aspects that limit the programming and scalability of programmable integrated photonics and provide an overview of some of the most salient applications demonstrated so far.European Research Council; Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; European Cooperation in Science and Technology; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme.Pérez-López, D.; Gasulla Mestre, I.; Dasmahapatra, P.; Capmany Francoy, J. (2020). Principles, fundamentals, and applications of programmable integrated photonics. Advances in Optics and Photonics. 12(3):709-786. https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.387155709786123Lyke, J. C., Christodoulou, C. G., Vera, G. A., & Edwards, A. H. (2015). An Introduction to Reconfigurable Systems. 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Radiofrequency architectures and technologies for software defined radio

Six-port network is an interesting radiofrequency architecture with multiple possibilities. Since it was firstly introduced in the seventies as an alternative network analyzer, the six-port network has been used for many applications, such as homodyne receivers, radar systems, direction of arrival estimation, UWB (Ultra-Wide-Band), or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems. Currently, it is considered as a one of the best candidates to implement a Software Defined Radio (SDR). This thesis comprises an exhaustive study of this promising architecture, where its fundamentals and the state-of-the-art are also included. In addition, the design and development of a SDR 0.3-6 GHz six-port receiver prototype is presented in this thesis, which is implemented in conventional technology. The system is experimentally characterized and validated for RF signal demodulation with good performance. The analysis of the six-port architecture is complemented by a theoretical and experimental comparison with other radiofrequency architectures suitable for SDR. Some novel contributions are introduced in the present thesis. Such novelties are in the direction of the highly topical issues on six-port technique: development and optimization of real-time I-Q regeneration techniques for multiport networks; and search of new techniques and technologies to contribute to the miniaturization of the six-port architecture. In particular, the novel contributions of this thesis can be summarized as: - Introduction of a new real-time auto-calibration method for multiport receivers, particularly suitable for broadband designs and high data rate applications. - Introduction of a new direct baseband I-Q regeneration technique for five-port receivers. - Contribution to the miniaturization of six-port receivers by the use of the multilayer LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) technology. Implementation of a compact (30x30x1.25 mm) broadband (0.3-6 GHz) six-port receiver in LTTC technology. The results and conclusions derived from this thesis have been satisfactory, and quite fruitful in terms of publications. A total of fourteen works have been published, considering international journals and conferences, and national conferences. Aditionally, a paper has been submitted to an internationally recognized journal, which is currently under review

Simultaneous Wireless Power Transmission and Data Communication

RÉSUMÉ : Le développement rapide des systèmes électroniques sans fil de faible consommation de puissance a conduit à d'innombrables activités de recherche dans le cadre de la faisabilité d'une alimentation à distance ou sans fil de ces systèmes. Par conséquent, la transmission d'énergie sans fil (WPT), qui est développé comme une technique prometteuse pour alimenter les appareils électroniques à longue distance et permettre la conception et le développement de systèmes auto-alimentés, est devenue un centre d'intérêt depuis de nombreuses années. Les antennes de redressement connues sous le nom de rectennas, sont les éléments les plus importants de transmission à longue portée d'énergie sans fil. L'efficacité de rectennas dépend essentiellement de leurs antennes et les circuits redresseurs associés. Par conséquent, pour concevoir une antenne redresseuse à haut rendement qui garantit la qualité d'un système WPT, plus d'attention devrait être concentré sur l’étude, l'analyse et le développement des antennes à gain élevé et redresseurs à haute efficacité de conversion RF-DC. Dans la littérature, différentes configurations de circuit antenne redresseuse, opérant principalement à basse fréquence tels que 2,45 GHz et 5,8 GHz, ont été largement étudiés. Cependant, il existe quelques études rapportées à la fréquence à ondes millimétriques, bien que les avantages de plus petite taille et l'efficacité du système global plus élevée pour la transmission à longue distance peuvent être obtenus à la fréquence à ondes millimétriques. D'autre part, les circuits rectennas peuvent tout simplement récupérer l'énergie, mais ils ne peuvent pas décoder le signal transmis à des fins de communication. Cependant, la transmission de données est une condition essentielle dans les systèmes de communication sans fil. Par conséquent, si la capacité de détection et de traitement du signal peut être ajoutée à une architecture de rectenna, alors, un récepteur de communication sans fil transmettant simultanément de l'énergie et de données peut être réalisé. La réalisation d'un tel système peut être considérée comme une approche prometteuse pour la prochaine génération de systèmes de communication auto-alimentés. Cette thèse de doctorat vise à examiner et à démontrer un système de transmission d'énergie sans fil et également un récepteur avec la capacité de récupérer l’énergie et de données de communication simultanément fonctionnant aux fréquences à ondes millimétriques. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, différentes structures de circuit redresseurs sont étudiés, conçus et mesurés expérimentalement.----------ABSTRACT The rapid development of low power wireless electronic systems has led to countless research activities in connection with the feasibility of a remote or wireless powering of those systems. Therefore, wireless power transmission (WPT) has become a focal point of interest since many years, which is being developed as a promising technique, for powering electronic devices over distance and for enabling the design and development of self-powered systems. The rectifying antennas known as rectennas are the most important elements in long-range wireless power transmission. The efficiency of rectennas mainly depends on their antennas and the related rectifier circuits. Therefore, to design a high-efficiency rectenna that guarantees the quality of a WPT system, more focus should be concentrated on the investigation, analysis and development of high-gain antennas and performance-driven rectifiers with reference to high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency. In the literature, different configurations of rectenna circuit, mainly operating at low frequency such as 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, have been widely investigated. However, there are just a few reported studies at millimeter-wave frequency although the advantages of more compact size and higher overall system efficiency for long distance transmission can be obtained at millimeter-wave frequency. On the other hand, rectenna circuits can just scavenge energy and they cannot decode the transmitted signal for communication purpose. However, the data transmission is an essential requirement of wireless communication systems. Therefore, if the ability of signal detection and processing can be added to a rectenna architecture then a receiver with simultaneous wireless power transmission and data communication can be realized. The realization of such a system can be considered as a promising approach for the next generation of self-powered communication systems. This PhD dissertation aims to investigate and demonstrate a system of wireless power transmission and also a receiver with the capability of simultaneous wireless energy harvesting and data communication operating at up-microwave and millimeter-wave frequency

Programmable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics

[EN] Programmable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics (PMIN) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that can be elaborated for basic or more complex operations in many application fields. The interest in PMIN is driven by the surge of a considerable number of emerging applications in the fields of telecommunications, quantum information processing, sensing and neurophotonics that will be calling for flexible, reconfigurable, low-cost, compact and low-power-consuming devices, much in the same way as how field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices operate in electronics. The success of PMIN relies on the research into suitable interconnection hardware architectures that can offer a very high spatial regularity as well as the possibility of independently setting (with a very low power consumption) the interconnection state of each connecting element. Integrated waveguide meshes provide regular and periodic geometries, formed by replicating a unit cell, which can take the form of a square, hexagon or triangle, among other configurations. Each side of the cell is formed by two integrated waveguides connected by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) or a tunable directional coupler that can be operated by means of an output control signal as a crossbar switch or as a variable coupler with independent power division ratio and phase shift. In this paper, we review the recent advances reported in the field of PMIN and, especially, in those based on integrated photonic waveguide meshes, both from the theoretical as well as from the experimental point of view. We pay special attention to outlining the design principles, material platforms, synthesis algorithms and practical constraints of these structures and discuss their applicability to different fields.Pérez-López, D.; Gasulla Mestre, I.; Capmany Francoy, J. (2018). Programmable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics. Nanophotonics (Online). 7(8):1351-1371. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0051135113717

Circuit paradigm in the 21

reviewe

Multi-Layer Ultra-Wideband Wilkinson Combiner for Arrays

This work investigates an ultra-wideband (UWB), compact, and multilayer Wilkinson power combiners for tightly coupled array (TCA) designs. The Wilkinson topology designs encompass UHF, L-, and S-bands. These combiners integrate into an experimental UWB TCA. The experimental UWB TCA divides into twenty-four columns, with each column containing eight unit cells, and each cell one-inch square. The Wilkinson power combiner contains eight input ports and one output port. Twenty-four combiners mount to the TCA’s back. The combiner condenses the two-dimensional array (8x24) to a one-dimensional or linear array (1x24). The proposed Wilkinson power combiner possesses a multilayer design reducing common mode current problems caused by vias. The Wilkinson combiner covers 500 MHz to 3.28 GHz and provides a 6.56:1 bandwidth. It achieves tight impedance matching through stripline coupling. The proposed design provides minimal phase error, equal power reception, and low power handling. The power combiner interfaces with an experimental UWB TCA antenna through SMP snap connectors. This paper examines signal combining efficiency to provide minimum path loss. This paper also examines interconnecting transmission lines traversing multiple laminate layers. This necessitates proper current handling because interconnects influence impedance, transmission, and isolation. Integrating a via picket fence improves port isolation and reduces propagating parallel plate modes. The proposed combiner design achieved the following important attributes at or better than the minimum required specifications. The measured combiner design successfully demonstrated -7.8dB minimum return loss for input and -18.1dB return loss for the outputs; 10.92dB ± 1.28dB insertion loss; -12.2db minimum isolation; ± 1.38° minimal phase error; ± 0.57dB power reception imbalance. The proposed UWB combiner design condensed the four-stage Wilkinson footprint to consume no more than 0.4in² (258mm²) surface area, weighed only 1.5oz (42.5g), and less than a half-inch thick

Development of Multiport Single Stage Bidirectional Converter for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Integration

The energy market is on the verge of a paradigm shift as the emergence of renewable energy sources over traditional fossil fuel based energy supply has started to become cost competitive and viable. Unfortunately, most of the attractive renewable sources come with inherent challenges such as: intermittency and unreliability. This is problematic for today\u27s stable, day ahead market based power system. Fortunately, it is well established that energy storage devices can compensate for renewable sources shortcomings. This makes the integration of energy storage with the renewable energy sources, one of the biggest challenges of modern distributed generation solution. This work discusses, the current state of the art of power conversion systems that integrate photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems. It is established that the control of bidirectional power flow to the energy storage device can be improved by optimizing its modulation and control. Traditional multistage conversion systems offers the required power delivery options, but suffers from a rigid power management system, reduced efficiency and increased cost. To solve this problem, a novel three port converter was developed which allows bidirectional power flow between the battery and the load, and unidirectional power flow from the photovoltaic port. The individual two-port portions of the three port converter were optimized in terms of modulation scheme. This leads to optimization of the proposed converter, for all possible power flow modes. In the second stage of the project, the three port converter was improved both in terms of cost and efficiency by proposing an improved topology. The improved three port converter has reduced functionality but is a perfect fit for the targeted microinverter application. The overall control system was designed to achieve improved reference tracking for power management and output AC voltage control. The bidirectional converter and both the proposed three port converters were analyzed theoretically. Finally, experimental prototypes were built to verify their performance

Impedance Transformers

Non

Antenna/Propagation Domain Self-Interference Cancellation (SIC) for In-Band Full-Duplex Wireless Communication Systems.

In-band full duplex (IBFD) is regarded as one of the most significant technologies for addressing the issue of spectrum scarcity in 5G and beyond systems. In the realization of practical IBFD systems, self-interference, i.e., the interference that the transmitter causes to the collocated receiver, poses a major challenge to antenna designers; it is a prerequisite for applying other self-interference cancellation (SIC) techniques in the analog and digital domains. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on SIC techniques in the antenna/propagation (AP) domain is provided and the pros and cons of each technique are studied. Opportunities and challenges of employing IBFD antennas in future wireless communications networks are discussed