183 research outputs found
Gender Matters! Analyzing Global Cultural Gender Preferences for Venues Using Social Sensing
Gender differences is a phenomenon around the world actively researched by
social scientists. Traditionally, the data used to support such studies is
manually obtained, often through surveys with volunteers. However, due to their
inherent high costs because of manual steps, such traditional methods do not
quickly scale to large-size studies. We here investigate a particular aspect of
gender differences: preferences for venues. To that end we explore the use of
check-in data collected from Foursquare to estimate cultural gender preferences
for venues in the physical world. For that, we first demonstrate that by
analyzing the check-in data in various regions of the world we can find
significant differences in preferences for specific venues between gender
groups. Some of these significant differences reflect well-known cultural
patterns. Moreover, we also gathered evidence that our methodology offers
useful information about gender preference for venues in a given region in the
real world. This suggests that gender and venue preferences observed may not be
independent. Our results suggests that our proposed methodology could be a
promising tool to support studies on gender preferences for venues at different
spatial granularities around the world, being faster and cheaper than
traditional methods, besides quickly capturing changes in the real world
Scoping out urban areas of tourist interest though geolocated social media data: Bucharest as a case study
Social media data has frequently sourced research on topics such as traveller planning or the factors that influence travel decisions. The literature on the location of tourist activities, however, is scarce. The studies in this line that do exist focus mainly on identifying points of interest and rarely on the urban areas that attract tourists. Specifically, as acknowledged in the literature, tourist attractions produce major imbalances with respect to adjacent urban areas. The present study aims to fill this research gap by addressing a twofold objective. The first was to design a methodology allowing to identify the preferred tourist areas based on concentrations of places and activities. The tourist area was delimited using Instasights heatmaps information and the areas of interest were identified by linking data from the location-based social network Foursquare to TripAdvisorâs database. The second objective was to delimit areas of interest based on usersâ existing urban dynamics. The method provides a thorough understanding of functional diversity and the location of a cityâs different functions. In this way, it contributes to a better understanding of the spatial distribution imbalances of tourist activities. Tourist areas of interest were revealed via the identification of usersâ preferences and experiences. A novel methodology was thus created that can be used in the design of future tourism strategies or, indeed, in urban planning. The city of Bucharest, Romania, was taken as a case study to develop this exploratory research.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research has been partially funded by the Valencian Conselleria de InnovaciĂłn, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund (ACIF/2020/173); and by the University of AlicanteâVicerrectorado de InvestigaciĂłn (GRE 21-15)
Locating Identities in Time: An examination of the Impact of Temporality on Presentations of the Self through Location-based Social networks
Studies of identity and location-based social networks (LBSN) have tended to focus on the performative aspects associated with marking oneâs location. Yet, these studies often present this practice as being an a priori aspect of locative media. What is missing from this research is a more granular understanding of how this process develops over time. Accordingly, we focus on the first six weeks of 42 users beginning to use an LBSN we designed and named GeoMoments. Through our analysis of our users\u27 activities, we contribute to understanding identity and LBSN in two distinct ways. First, we show how LBSN users develop and perform self-identity over time. Second, we highlight the extent these temporal processes reshape the behaviors of users. Overall, our results illustrate that while a performative use of GeoMoments does evolve, this development does not occur in a vacuum. Rather, it occurs within the dynamic context of everyday life, which is prompted, conditioned, and mediated by the way the affordances of GeoMoments digitally organize and archive past locational traces
Social dynamics in cities: analysis through LBSN data
Location-Based Social Networks data âLBSN dataâ reveal, in essence, user preferences and patterns of use of urban space. This information plays a key role in research on social dynamics in cities. Today, social network applications are widely available and this digital data represents a complementary and inescapable source of data for the analysis of urban dynamics. Ten years ago, a handful of pioneering researchers paved the way to tackle city issues employing different types of LBSN data. The present work describes a series of case-studies that have contributed to a research methodology which, in turn, helps to unveil the traces of the city pulse lying hidden behind digital footprints. These cases exemplify how these sources help to gain a better understanding of social dynamics and can be used in urban interventions. The presented case studies were mainly data-sourced by Foursquare, Twitter, and Google Places, while other social networks such as Airbnb, Wikiloc, and Strava were used for the specific cases of tourism or sport-related topics. The case studies address urban issues based on multiscale approaches, using different LBSN datasets simultaneously in order to obtain a complex and accurate analysis, such as: a) the social dynamism at the neighborhood scale, searching for urban regeneration opportunities; b) tourism-related urban dynamics, both at the local and city scale, with a high granularity; c) user presence and preferences when assessing the city green infrastructure system; and, d) tracking informal sport activity in the urban periphery, connecting urban tissues and natural assets on the city borders
Exploration de la dynamique humaine basée sur des données massives de réseaux sociaux de géolocalisation : analyse et applications
Human dynamics is an essential aspect of human centric computing. As a transdisciplinary research field, it focuses on understanding the underlying patterns, relationships, and changes of human behavior. By exploring human dynamics, we can understand not only individualâs behavior, such as a presence at a specific place, but also collective behaviors, such as social movement. Understanding human dynamics can thus enable various applications, such as personalized location based services. However, before the availability of ubiquitous smart devices (e.g., smartphones), it is practically hard to collect large-scale human behavior data. With the ubiquity of GPS-equipped smart phones, location based social media has gained increasing popularity in recent years, making large-scale user activity data become attainable. Via location based social media, users can share their activities as real-time presences at Points of Interests (POIs), such as a restaurant or a bar, within their social circles. Such data brings an unprecedented opportunity to study human dynamics. In this dissertation, based on large-scale location centric social media data, we study human dynamics from both individual and collective perspectives. From individual perspective, we study user preference on POIs with different granularities and its applications in personalized location based services, as well as the spatial-temporal regularity of user activities. From collective perspective, we explore the global scale collective activity patterns with both country and city granularities, and also identify their correlations with diverse human culturesLa dynamique humaine est un sujet essentiel de l'informatique centrĂ©e sur lâhomme. Elle se concentre sur la comprĂ©hension des rĂ©gularitĂ©s sous-jacentes, des relations, et des changements dans les comportements humains. En analysant la dynamique humaine, nous pouvons comprendre non seulement des comportements individuels, tels que la prĂ©sence dâune personne Ă un endroit prĂ©cis, mais aussi des comportements collectifs, comme les mouvements sociaux. Lâexploration de la dynamique humaine permet ainsi diverses applications, entre autres celles des services gĂ©o-dĂ©pendants personnalisĂ©s dans des scĂ©narios de ville intelligente. Avec l'omniprĂ©sence des smartphones Ă©quipĂ©s de GPS, les rĂ©seaux sociaux de gĂ©olocalisation ont acquis une popularitĂ© croissante au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, ce qui rend les donnĂ©es de comportements des utilisateurs disponibles Ă grande Ă©chelle. Sur les dits rĂ©seaux sociaux de gĂ©olocalisation, les utilisateurs peuvent partager leurs activitĂ©s en temps rĂ©el avec par l'enregistrement de leur prĂ©sence Ă des points d'intĂ©rĂȘt (POIs), tels quâun restaurant. Ces donnĂ©es d'activitĂ© contiennent des informations massives sur la dynamique humaine. Dans cette thĂšse, nous explorons la dynamique humaine basĂ©e sur les donnĂ©es massives des rĂ©seaux sociaux de gĂ©olocalisation. ConcrĂštement, du point de vue individuel, nous Ă©tudions la prĂ©fĂ©rence de l'utilisateur quant aux POIs avec des granularitĂ©s diffĂ©rentes et ses applications, ainsi que la rĂ©gularitĂ© spatio-temporelle des activitĂ©s des utilisateurs. Du point de vue collectif, nous explorons la forme d'activitĂ© collective avec les granularitĂ©s de pays et ville, ainsi quâen corrĂ©lation avec les cultures globale
Mining large-scale human mobility data for long-term crime prediction
Traditional crime prediction models based on census data are limited, as they
fail to capture the complexity and dynamics of human activity. With the rise of
ubiquitous computing, there is the opportunity to improve such models with data
that make for better proxies of human presence in cities. In this paper, we
leverage large human mobility data to craft an extensive set of features for
crime prediction, as informed by theories in criminology and urban studies. We
employ averaging and boosting ensemble techniques from machine learning, to
investigate their power in predicting yearly counts for different types of
crimes occurring in New York City at census tract level. Our study shows that
spatial and spatio-temporal features derived from Foursquare venues and
checkins, subway rides, and taxi rides, improve the baseline models relying on
census and POI data. The proposed models achieve absolute R^2 metrics of up to
65% (on a geographical out-of-sample test set) and up to 89% (on a temporal
out-of-sample test set). This proves that, next to the residential population
of an area, the ambient population there is strongly predictive of the area's
crime levels. We deep-dive into the main crime categories, and find that the
predictive gain of the human dynamics features varies across crime types: such
features bring the biggest boost in case of grand larcenies, whereas assaults
are already well predicted by the census features. Furthermore, we identify and
discuss top predictive features for the main crime categories. These results
offer valuable insights for those responsible for urban policy or law
enforcement
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