Well-balanced rr-adaptive and moving mesh space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations

In this article we introduce a well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations on moving meshes. Particular emphasis will be given on $r$-adaptation in which mesh points of an initially uniform mesh move to concentrate in regions where interesting behaviour of the solution is observed. Obtaining well-balanced numerical schemes for the shallow water equations on fixed meshes is nontrivial and has been a topic of much research. In [S. Rhebergen, O. Bokhove, J.J.W. van der Vegt, Discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for hyperbolic nonconservative partial differential equations, J. Comput. Phys. 227 (2008) 1887–1922] we introduced a well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin method using the theory of weak solutions for nonconservative products introduced in [G. Dal Maso, P.G. LeFloch, F. Murat, Definition and weak stability of nonconservative products, J. Math. Pures Appl. 74 (1995) 483–548]. In this article we continue this approach and prove well-balancedness of a discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations on moving meshes. Numerical simulations are then performed to verify the $r$-adaptive method in combination with the space-time discontinuous Galerkin method against analytical solutions and showing its robustness on more complex problems

A limiter-based well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin method for shallow-water flows with wetting and drying: Triangular grids

A novel wetting and drying treatment for second-order Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG2) methods solving the non-linear shallow water equations is proposed. It is developed for general conforming two-dimensional triangular meshes and utilizes a slope limiting strategy to accurately model inundation. The method features a non-destructive limiter, which concurrently meets the requirements for linear stability and wetting and drying. It further combines existing approaches for positivity preservation and well-balancing with an innovative velocity-based limiting of the momentum. This limiting controls spurious velocities in the vicinity of the wet/dry interface. It leads to a computationally stable and robust scheme -- even on unstructured grids -- and allows for large time steps in combination with explicit time integrators. The scheme comprises only one free parameter, to which it is not sensitive in terms of stability. A number of numerical test cases, ranging from analytical tests to near-realistic laboratory benchmarks, demonstrate the performance of the method for inundation applications. In particular, super-linear convergence, mass-conservation, well-balancedness, and stability are verified

HIGH ORDER SHOCK CAPTURING SCHEMES FOR HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION LAWS AND THE APPLICATION IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS

Many applications in engineering practice can be described by thehyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Numerical modeling of this typeof equations often involves large gradients or shocks, which makes it achallenging task for conventional numerical methods to accurately simulate suchsystems. Thus developing accurate and efficient shock capturing numericalschemes becomes important for the study of hyperbolic equations.In this dissertation, a detailed study of the numerical methods for linearand nonlinear unsteady hyperbolic equations was carried out. A new finitedifference shock capturing scheme of finite volume style was developed. Thisscheme is based on the high order Pad?? type compact central finite differencemethod with the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction toeliminate non-physical oscillations near the discontinuities while maintain stablesolution in the smooth areas. The unconditionally stable semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme is used for time integration.The theoretical development was conducted based on one-dimensionalhomogeneous scalar equation and system equations. Discussions were alsoextended to include source terms and to deal with problems of higher dimension.For the treatment of source terms, Strang splitting was used. For multidimensionalequations, the ?? -form Douglas-Gunn alternating direction implicit(ADI) method was employed. To compare the performance of the scheme withENO type interpolation, the current numerical framework was also applied usingENO reconstruction.The numerical schemes were tested on 1-D and 2-D benchmark problems,as well as published experimental results. The simulated results show thecapability of the proposed scheme to resolve discontinuities while maintainingaccuracy in smooth regions. Comparisons with the experimental results validatethe method for dam break problems. It is concluded that the proposed scheme isa useful tool for solving hyperbolic equations in general, and from engineeringapplication perspective it provides a new way of modeling open channel flows

Recent Developments in the Numerics of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

The development of reliable numerical methods for the simulation of real life problems requires both a fundamental knowledge in the field of numerical analysis and a proper experience in practical applications as well as their mathematical modeling. Thus, the purpose of the workshop was to bring together experts not only from the field of applied mathematics but also from civil and mechanical engineering working in the area of modern high order methods for the solution of partial differential equations or even approximation theory necessary to improve the accuracy as well as robustness of numerical algorithms

Contributions to the development of residual discretizations for hyperbolic conservation laws with application to shallow water flows

In this work we review 12 years of developments in the field of residual based discretizations and their application to the solution of the shallow water equations. Fundamental concepts related to the topic are recalled and he construction of second and higher order schemes for steady problems is presented. The generalization to time dependent problems by means of multi-step implicit time integration, space-time, and genuinely explicit techniques is thoroughly discussed. Finally, the issues of C-property, super consistency, and wetting/drying are analyzed in this framework showing the power of the residual based approach

Fully well-balanced entropy controlled discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method for shallow water flows: global flux quadrature and cell entropy correction

We present a novel approach for solving the shallow water equations using a discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method. The method we propose has three main features. First, it enjoys a discrete well-balanced property, in a spirit similar to the one of e.g. [20]. As in the reference, our scheme does not require any a-priori knowledge of the steady equilibrium, moreover it does not involve the explicit solution of any local auxiliary problem to approximate such equilibrium. The scheme is also arbitrarily high order, and verifies a continuous in time cell entropy equality. The latter becomes an inequality as soon as additional dissipation is added to the method. The method is constructed starting from a global flux approach in which an additional flux term is constructed as the primitive of the source. We show that, in the context of nodal spectral finite elements, this can be translated into a simple modification of the integral of the source term. We prove that, when using Gauss-Lobatto nodal finite elements this modified integration is equivalent at steady state to a high order Gauss collocation method applied to an ODE for the flux. This method is superconvergent at the collocation points, thus providing a discrete well-balanced property very similar in spirit to the one proposed in [20], albeit not needing the explicit computation of a local approximation of the steady state. To control the entropy production, we introduce artificial viscosity corrections at the cell level and incorporate them into the scheme. We provide theoretical and numerical characterizations of the accuracy and equilibrium preservation of these corrections. Through extensive numerical benchmarking, we validate our theoretical predictions, with considerable improvements in accuracy for steady states, as well as enhanced robustness for more complex scenario

Space–time residual distribution on moving meshes

This article investigates the potential for an r-adaptation algorithm to improve the efficiency of space–time residual distribution schemes in the approximation of time-dependent hyperbolic conservation laws, e.g. scalar advection, shallow water flows, on unstructured, triangular meshes. In this adaptive framework the connectivity of the mesh, and hence the number of degrees of freedom, remain fixed, but the mesh nodes are continually “relocated” as the flow evolves so that features of interest remain resolved as they move within the domain. Adaptive strategies of this type are well suited to the space–time residual distribution framework because, when the discrete representation is allowed to be discontinuous in time, these algorithms can be designed to be positive (and hence stable) for any choice of time-step, even on the distorted space–time prisms which arise from moving the nodes of an unstructured triangular mesh. Consequently, a local increase in mesh resolution does not impose a more restrictive stability constraint on the time-step, which can instead be chosen according to accuracy requirements. The order of accuracy of the fixed-mesh scheme is retained on the moving mesh in the majority of applications tested. Space–time schemes of this type are analogous to conservative ALE formulations and automatically satisfy a discrete geometric conservation law, so moving the mesh does not artificially change the flow volume for pure conservation laws. For shallow water flows over variable bed topography, the so-called C-property (retention of hydrostatic balance between flux and source terms, required to maintain the steady state of still, flat, water) can also be satisfied by considering the mass balance equation in terms of free surface level instead of water depth, even when the mesh is moved. The r-adaptation is applied within each time-step by interleaving the iterations of the nonlinear solver with updates to mesh node positions. The node movement is driven by a monitor function based on weighted approximations of the scaled gradient and Laplacian of the local solution and regularised by a smoothing iteration. Numerical results are shown in two dimensions for both scalar advection and for shallow water flow over a variable bed which show that, even for this simple implementation of the mesh movement, reductions in cpu times of up to 60% can be attained without increasing the error

Space-time residual distribution on moving meshes

International audienceThis article investigates the potential for an r-adaptation algorithm to improve the efficiency of space-time residual distribution schemes in the approximation of time-dependent hyperbolic conservation laws, e.g. scalar advection, shallow water flows, on unstructured, triangular meshes. In this adaptive framework the connectivity of the mesh, and hence the number of degrees of freedom, remain fixed, but the mesh nodes are continually "relo-cated" as the flow evolves so that features of interest remain resolved as they move within the domain. Adaptive strategies of this type are well suited to the space-time residual distribution framework because, when the discrete representation is allowed to be discontinuous in time, these algorithms can be designed to be positive (and hence stable) for any choice of time-step, even on the distorted space-time prisms which arise from moving the nodes of an unstructured triangular mesh. Consequently, a local increase in mesh resolution does not impose a more restrictive stability constraint on the time-step, which can instead be chosen according to accuracy requirements. The order of accuracy of the fixed-mesh scheme is retained on the moving mesh in the majority of applications tested. Space-time schemes of this type are analogous to conservative ALE formulations and automatically satisfy a discrete geometric conservation law, so moving the mesh does not artificially change the flow volume for pure conservation laws. For shallow water flows over variable bed topography, the so-called C-property (retention of hydrostatic balance between flux and source terms, required to maintain the steady state of still, flat, water) can also be satisfied by considering the mass balance equation in terms of free surface level instead of water depth, even when the mesh is moved. The r-adaptation is applied within each time-step by interleaving the iterations of the nonlinear solver with updates to mesh node positions. The node movement is driven by a monitor function based on weighted approximations of the scaled gradient and Laplacian of the local solution and regularised by a smoothing iteration. Numerical results are shown in two dimensions for both scalar advection and for shallow water flow over a variable bed * *Manuscript Click here to view linked References which show that, even for this simple implementation of the mesh movement, reductions in cpu times of up to 60% can be attained without increasing the error