New Hybrid Schemes for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

الـ 3GPP قدمت مشروع LTE لتلبية الطلبات المتزايدة لخدمات الاتصالات ذات السرعة العالية والجودة العالية. يستخدم نظام الـ LTE تقنية مضاعفة تقسيم التردد المتعامد (OFDM) في شكل (OFDMA) في الوصلة الهابطة (Downlink) وشكل الـ (SCFDMA) في الوصلة الصاعدة (Uplink) مجتمعة مع تقنية الـ MIMO لتقديم معدل بيانات عالي، قدرة عالية، وحصانة ضد القنوات متعددة المسارات. ومع ذلك لا يزال ارتفاع نسبة القدرة العظمة إلى المتوسط (PAPR) لإشارة الـ LTE المرسلة هي المشكلة الرئيسية التي تعمل على تدهور كفاءة النظام بشك عام وإمكانية استهلاك الطاقة. لذلك كرست الكثير من البحوث للحد من تدهور الأداء بسبب مشكلة الـ PAPR في أنظمة LTE-OFDM. تعتبر طرق ضغط الإشارة (Companding Methods) جزءاً من الطرق المعروفة والتي تعتبر سهلة ومنخفضة التعقيد، وبلا قيود على شكل التضمين وحجم عدد الحوامل (Subcarrier Size)، ولها خصائص طيفية جيدة، ومع ذلك فإن هذه الطرق تقلل الـ PAPR بمقدار ضئيل. وقد اقترح هذا البحث سبعة طرق هجينة جديدة على أساس مزيج من Zaddoff Chu Matrix Transform (ZCT) مع ست أساليب مختلفة من طرق ضغط الإشارة وهي Rooting Companding (RCT)، New Error Function Companding (NERF)، Absolute Exponential Companding (AEXP)، Logarithmic Rooting Companding (LogR)، Cosine Companding (COS)، وTangent Rooting Companding (TanhR). بالإضافة إلى ذلك تم تطوير الطريقة الهجينة السابعة وتجمع الـ Zaddoff Chu Matrix Transform (ZCT) مع طريقة جديدة مقترحة تسمى Advanced AEXP (AAEXP). أظهرت النتائج أن هذه الطرق المتطورة تجمع بين خصائص طريقة الـ ZCT مع خصائص طرق ضغط الإشارة، وتحقق أداء أمثل وانخفاضاً أفضل من حيث PAPR وBER. كما حققت طريقة الـ ZCT+AAEXP أفضل النتائج مقارنة بالطرق الأخرى.The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced LTE to meet increasingly demands for communication services with high speed and quality. LTE uses OFDM in the form of OFDMA in the downlink and SCFDMA in the uplink combined with MIMO offering high data rate, high capacity and immunity against multipath channels. However, still the high PAPR of the LTE transmitted signal is the major problem affecting overall system performance degradation and power efficiency. A plenty of research has been devoted to reduce the performance degradation due to the PAPR problem inherent to LTE OFDM systems. A portion of the current techniques such companding methods have low-complexity, no constraint on modulation format and subcarrier size, good distortion and spectral properties; however, they have limited PAPR reduction capabilities. This paper proposes seven new hybrid schemes including Zaddoff Chu Matrix Transform (ZCT) precoding and six modern companding methods; Rooting Companding (RCT), New Error Function Companding (NERF), Absolute Exponential Companding (AEXP), Logarithmic Rooting Companding (LogR), Cosine Companding (COS) and Tangent Rooting Companding (TanhR) companding. Furthermore, the seventh proposed hybrid scheme has been added incorporating ZCT precoding with new proposed companding called Advanced AEXP (AAEXP) companding. The developed methods are combining properties of both ZCT & Compandings, and achieving superior PAPR performance and optimal BER. Simulations results illustrate that the new seven proposed hybrid schemes can achieve better PAPR reduction, and BER performance and the best achievement has been achieved by ZCT+AAEXP scheme

A HYBRID TECHNIQUE FOR PAPR REDUCTION OF OFDM USING DHT PRECODING WITH PIECEWISE LINEAR COMPANDING

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a fascinating approach for wireless communication applications which require huge amount of data rates. However, OFDM signal suffers from its large Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which results in significant distortion while passing through a nonlinear device, such as a transmitter high power amplifier (HPA). Due to this high PAPR, the complexity of HPA as well as DAC also increases. For the reduction of PAPR in OFDM many techniques are available. Among them companding is an attractive low complexity technique for the OFDM signal’s PAPR reduction. Recently, a piecewise linear companding technique is recommended aiming at minimizing companding distortion. In this paper, a collective piecewise linear companding approach with Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) method is expected to reduce peak-to-average of OFDM to a great extent. Simulation results shows that this new proposed method obtains significant PAPR reduction while maintaining improved performance in the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) compared to piecewise linear companding method

Piecewise companding transform assisted optical-OFDM systems for indoor visible light communications

In visible light communications (VLCs) relying on intensity-modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), the conversion from electrical signals to optical signals and the limited dynamic range of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) constitute the fundamental impediments in the way of high-integrity communications, especially when orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is employed. In IM/DD VLCs, only real-valued positive signals are used for signal transmission. However, the Fourier transform of OFDM systems is operated in the complex domain. In order to meet the requirements of the IM/DD VLCs, the complex-to-real conversion is achieved at the cost of reducing the bandwidth efficiency. Moreover, OFDM signals experience a high peak-to-average power ratio; hence, typically clipping is used for confining the positive-valued signals within the LED's dynamic range. However, hard clipping leads to the loss of orthogonality for optical OFDM (O-OFDM) signals, generating inter-carrier interference. As a result, the performance of the clipping-based O-OFDM systems may be severely degraded. In this paper, the concept of piecewise companding transform (CT) is introduced into the O-OFDM system advocated, forming the CTO-OFDM arrangement. We first investigate the general principles and design criteria of the piecewise CTO-OFDM. Based on our studies, three types of piecewise companders, namely, the constant probability sub-distribution function, linear PsDF (LPsDF), and the non-LPsDF-based CT, are designed. Furthermore, we investigate the nonlinear effect of hard clipping and of our CT on O-OFDM systems in the context of different scenarios by both analytical and simulation techniques. Our investigations show that the CTO-OFDM constitutes a promising signaling scheme conceived for VLCs, which exhibits a high bandwidth efficiency, high flexibility, high reliability, as well as a high data-rate, despite experiencing nonlinear distortions

Analysis of Improved µ-Law Companding Technique for OFDM Systems

YesHigh Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio (PAPR) of transmitted signals is a common problem in broadband telecommunication systems using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme, as it increases transmitter power consumption. In consumer applications where it impacts mobile terminal battery life and infrastructure running costs, this is a major factor in customer satisfaction. Companding techniques have been recently used to alleviate this high PAPR. In this paper, a companding scheme with an offset, amidst two nonlinear companding levels, is proposed to achieve better PAPR reduction while maintaining an acceptable bit error rate (BER) level, resulting in electronic products of higher power efficiency. Study cases have included the effect of companding on the OFDM signal with and without an offset. A novel closed-form approximation for the BER of the proposed companding scheme is also presented, and its accuracy is compared against simulation results. A method for choosing best companding parameters is presented based on contour plots. Practical emulation of a real time OFDM-based system has been implemented and evaluated using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

Performance Comparison Analysis of Piecewise Linear companding for OFDM And WHT Precoded OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is amalgamation of modulation and multiplexing, it helps to allow huge data rates for wireless applications with great spectrum efficiency. Besides of advantages, the uncomfortable issue for OFDM is peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Number of methods was proposed to minimize PAPR, but those are minimizing PAPR at the cost of either increasing the BER, or performance degradation of PSD. In this paper “a composite companding transform by using WHT precoding with piecewise linear companding” is proposed to minimize the PAPR without sacrificing the BER and PSD performances. Simulation results display that this proposed method gives the better trade off between the PAPR minimization and BER performance without sacrificing the PSD

Companding and Predistortion Techniques for Improved Efficiency and Performance in SWIPT

In this work, we analyze how the use of companding techniques, together with digital predistortion (DPD), can be leveraged to improve system efficiency and performance in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems based on power splitting. By taking advantage of the benefits of each of these well-known techniques to mitigate non-linear effects due to power amplifier (PA) and energy harvesting (EH) operation, we illustrate how DPD and companding can be effectively combined to improve the EH efficiency while keeping unalterable the information transfer performance. We establish design criteria that allow the PA to operate in a higher efficiency region so that the reduction in peak-to-average power ratio over the transmitted signal is translated into an increase in the average radiated power and EH efficiency. The performance of DPD and companding techniques is evaluated in a number of scenarios, showing that a combination of both techniques allows to significantly increase the power transfer efficiency in SWIPT systems.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Performance improvement of a SOA-based coherent optical-OFDM transmission system via nonlinear companding transforms

International audienceCoherent-Optical OFDM systems are known to be sensitive to large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) at the transmitter output, due to nonlinear properties of some components involved in the transmission link. In this paper, we investigate the impact of an amplification of such signals via a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), considering some recent experimental results. An efficient tradeoff between BER performance, computational complexity and power efficiency is performed by a proper design of Wang's nonlinear companding function, considered for the first time in an optical communication context. A BER advantage of around 3 dB can hence be obtained over a standard system implementation not using PAPR reduction. The designed function also proves to be more efficient than µ-law function, considered in the literature as an efficient companding scheme

Peak to average power ratio reduction in spectrally efficient FDM using repeated clipping and filtering

Multi-carrier transmission may be considered one of the important developments in wireless communications. Spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM) is a promising multi-carrier modulation which can significantly improve utilization of spectral. The SEFDM has high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) like any multicarrier system. High PAPR reduces the random forest (RF) transmitter power amplifier efficiency, which minimize the use of this technique in limited power supply transmitters. In this work, a repeated clipping and filtering method is introduced to reduce the PAPR in SEFDM with minimum or no out of band radiation. The results of the simulated approach show that the PAPR of the SEFDM was reduced from 16.264 dB to 7.9146 dB with marginal degradation in system performance when the clipping ratio varied from 4 to 2