Acquisition models in intraoperative positron surface imaging

PURPOSE: Intraoperative imaging aims at identifying residual tumor during surgery. Positron Surface Imaging (PSI) is one of the solutions to help surgeons in a better detection of resection margins of brain tumor, leading to an improved patient outcome. This system relies on a tracked freehand beta probe, using [Formula: see text]F-based radiotracer. Some acquisition models have been proposed in the literature in order to enhance image quality, but no comparative validation study has been performed for PSI. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the performance of different acquisition models by considering validation criteria and normalized metrics. We proposed a reference-based validation framework to perform the comparative study between acquisition models and a basic method. We estimated the performance of several acquisition models in light of four validation criteria: efficiency, computational speed, spatial accuracy and tumor contrast. RESULTS: Selected acquisition models outperformed the basic method, albeit with the real-time aspect compromised. One acquisition model yielded the best performance among all according to the validation criteria: efficiency (1-Spe: 0.1, Se: 0.94), spatial accuracy (max Dice: 0.77) and tumor contrast (max T/B: 5.2). We also found out that above a minimum threshold value of the sampling rate, the reconstruction quality does not vary significantly. CONCLUSION: Our method allowed the comparison of different acquisition models and highlighted one of them according to our validation criteria. This novel approach can be extended to 3D datasets, for validation of future acquisition models dedicated to intraoperative guidance of brain surgery

Modern Developments in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) – Applications and Perspectives in Clinical Neuroscience

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is being increasingly used in neuroscience and clinics. Modern advances include but are not limited to the combination of TMS with precise neuronavigation as well as the integration of TMS into a multimodal environment, e.g., by guiding the TMS application using complementary techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), or magnetoencephalography (MEG). Furthermore, the impact of stimulation can be identified and characterized by such multimodal approaches, helping to shed light on the basic neurophysiology and TMS effects in the human brain. Against this background, the aim of this Special Issue was to explore advancements in the field of TMS considering both investigations in healthy subjects as well as patients

IFCN-endorsed practical guidelines for clinical magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) records weak magnetic fields outside the human head and thereby provides millisecond-accurate information about neuronal currents supporting human brain function. MEG and electroencephalography (EEG) are closely related complementary methods and should be interpreted together whenever possible. This manuscript covers the basic physical and physiological principles of MEG and discusses the main aspects of state-of-the-art MEG data analysis. We provide guidelines for best practices of patient preparation, stimulus presentation, MEG data collection and analysis, as well as for MEG interpretation in routine clinical examinations. In 2017, about 200 whole-scalp MEG devices were in operation worldwide, many of them located in clinical environments. Yet, the established clinical indications for MEG examinations remain few, mainly restricted to the diagnostics of epilepsy and to preoperative functional evaluation of neurosurgical patients. We are confident that the extensive ongoing basic MEG research indicates potential for the evaluation of neurological and psychiatric syndromes, developmental disorders, and the integrity of cortical brain networks after stroke. Basic and clinical research is, thus, paving way for new clinical applications to be identified by an increasing number of practitioners of MEG. (C) 2018 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Interictal Network Dynamics in Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery

Epilepsy is an archetypal brain network disorder. Despite two decades of research elucidating network mechanisms of disease and correlating these with outcomes, the clinical management of children with epilepsy does not readily integrate network concepts. For example, network measures are not used in presurgical evaluation to guide decision making or surgical management plans. The aim of this thesis was to investigate novel network frameworks from the perspective of a clinician, with the explicit aim of finding measures that may be clinically useful and translatable to directly benefit patient care. We examined networks at three different scales, namely macro (whole brain diffusion MRI), meso (subnetworks from SEEG recordings) and micro (single unit networks) scales, consistently finding network abnormalities in children being evaluated for or undergoing epilepsy surgery. This work also provides a path to clinical translation, using frameworks such as IDEAL to robustly assess the impact of these new technologies on management and outcomes. The thesis sets up a platform from which promising computational technology, that utilises brain network analyses, can be readily translated to benefit patient care

Aeronautical Engineering. A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 156

This bibliography lists 288 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in December 1982

Clinical Management and Evolving Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with Brain Tumors

A dramatic increase in knowledge regarding the molecular biology of brain tumors has been established over the past few years, and this has lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these patients. In this book a review of the options available for the clinical management of patients with these tumors are outlined. In addition advances in radiology both for pre-operative diagnostic purposes along with surgical planning are described. Furthermore a review of newer developments in chemotherapy along with the evolving field of photodynamic therapy both for intra-operative management and subsequent therapy is provided. A discussion of certain surgical management issues along with tumor induced epilepsy is included. Finally a discussion of the management of certain unique problems including brain metastases, brainstem glioma, central nervous system lymphoma along with issues involving patients with a brain tumor and pregnancy is provided

Functional Organization of the Human Brain: How We See, Feel, and Decide.

The human brain is responsible for constructing how we perceive, think, and act in the world around us. The organization of these functions is intricately distributed throughout the brain. Here, I discuss how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to understand three broad questions: how do we see, feel, and decide? First, high-resolution fMRI was used to measure the polar angle representation of saccadic eye movements in the superior colliculus. We found that eye movements along the superior-inferior visual field are mapped across the medial-lateral anatomy of a subcortical midbrain structure, the superior colliculus (SC). This result is consistent with the topography in monkey SC. Second, we measured the empathic responses of the brain as people watched a hand get painfully stabbed with a needle. We found that if the hand was labeled as belonging to the same religion as the observer, the empathic neural response was heightened, creating a strong ingroup bias that could not be readily manipulated. Third, we measured brain activity in individuals as they made free decisions (i.e., choosing randomly which of two buttons to press) and found the activity within fronto-thalamic networks to be significantly decreased compared to being instructed (forced) to press a particular button. I also summarize findings from several other projects ranging from addiction therapies to decoding visual imagination to how corporations are represented as people. Together, these approaches illustrate how functional neuroimaging can be used to understand the organization of the human brain

PROGRAM and PROCEEDINGS THE NEBRASKA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES -- April 22, 2022

Aeronautics & Space Science -- Chairperson(s): Dr. Scott Tarry & Michaela Lucas ANTHROPOLOGY SECTION Chairperson: Dr. Taylor Livingston APPLIED SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SECTION Chairperson: Mary Ettel BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTION Chairperson: Therese McGinn BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SECTION Chairperson: Annemarie Shibata CHEMISTRY SECTION Chairperson: Nathanael Fackler EARTH SCIENCES SECTION Chairperson: Irina Filina ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SECTION Chairperson: Mark Hammer PHYSICS SECTION Chairperson: Adam Davis FRIENDS OF THE ACADEMY 2022 Maiben Lecturer: Dan Sitzman 2022 FRIEND OF SCIENCE AWARD TO: Julie Sigmon and Chris Schabe