War in Turkish Literature

AbstractWars determine the turning points in the history of nations and find a place in literature as the main sources. War literature conveys the information to generations. It is a powerful tool for social and personal change and tightly related to the peace. This article critically discusses war literature and its role in Turkish Literature educat ion. The war literature texts in Turkish Literature course books from Grade 9 to 12 were analysed in terms of subject, time, genre, peace, and aim of text questions. Document analysis was used in this study

A Bibliyographic Study on the Ph. D. and M.A Theses Done Between 1987-1999 on Turkish Language and Literature I

In this article a thesis bibliography has been formed on Turkis Language and literature through collecting several articles defining thesis works and information sources of the institutions gathering necessary knowledge on this subject. The work has been divided in four parts. Folk Literature, New Turkish Literature, Turkish Language and Old Turkish Literature. In this article fırst two topics which are Folk and New Turkish Literature have been published. The rest will be published in coming issues

Literary neo-Ottomanism : the emergence of a cosmopolitan Turkey in world literature

This dissertation offers a new reading of Modern Turkish literature as drawing on its Ottoman past and participating in a global discourse through an analysis of recent developments in Turkish literature. By developing the phrase “literary neo-Ottomanism” through a set of images that are typical of the Ottomans produced mainly in the nineteenth century and later reworked in contemporary Turkish novels, the dissertation focuses on the refractions of this Ottoman past for two Turkish authors, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Orhan Pamuk and explores how they speak to a global readership. A revival of the Ottoman past projects possibilities for a continued Turkish presence in world literature. Each writer has a distinct view of and use for the Ottoman past, and the convergences and divergences reveal much about the implications of modernism. I explore the status of Turkish literature as both a local expression and as a “world” literary tradition, through which Turkish literature seeks a place for itself in world literature while at the same time addressing the local. This exploration takes on both of these projects through a reconsideration of the Ottoman theme. I argue that the Turkish case is exceptional because of the distinct nature of the Ottoman Empire and because its demise was internally engineered.Comparative Literatur

CONTRIBUTIONS OF BALKAN COUNTRIES TO CLASSICAL TURKISH LITERATURE

If one of the signs of the level of development of countries is cities, the other is thelevel of the life of science, art and culture performed in these cities.Viewing thesituation of Balkan geography under the domination of Ottomans since 15thcentury, it is seen that there was a very lively literary and cultural life especially insome city centres.These centres were not only creating a convenient environmentbut were also raising poets and writers for many large centres, initially to Istanbul.Places like Skopje, Pristina, Prizren, Yenice Vardar, Shkodra, Silk, Plovdiv,Kyustendil, Bitola, Smederevo, Sarajevo, Tetovo, İştib, Serres were the centres weknow the life of literature was lively and where a good number of poets werebrought up. Among these, it is known that especially in 16. Century, numerous poetsgrew in Pristina, Prizren, Skopje and Vardar Yenice. In this paper, thecontributions these four Balkan cities made to classical Turkish literature arediscussed in sum

The portrayal of women in modern Turkish literature

The thesis is concerned with the position of women in Turkish society since the founding of the Republic in 1923, and the portrayal of these women in selected novels, short stories and plays of Turkish authors from 1922 until 1979. The thesis examines whether the subordination of women in society is ascribed in literary works to their supposed innate inferiority as women, or is shown to be a consequence of women's circumscribed position and limited possibilities. It investigates literary interpretations of the concept of honour and shame and the nature of female sexuality, as well as analysing the portrayals of women in their different roles: from familial and domestic to independent and revolutionary. The study illustrates the extent to which literature appears to reinforce old ideas and expectations about women, and how much it tends towards a deeper analysis of character and behaviour. It identifies works which deliberately set out to increase awareness of and sensitivity to the injustices suffered by women, end to show women in roles which enable them to gain fulfilment as individuals end independence as a group. It is apparent that the increasing participation of women in public life and their entry into paid employment in particular have posed a threat to the old order of female domesticity, end the fear of the disruption that this might cause in society and in the family is a recurrent theme in literature. On the other hand there are also striking portrayals of outstanding women leaders as well as characterisations of more ordinary women struggling to maintain their integrity

"Language, Aesthetics, and Ideology: Conceptual Frameworks for Turkish Literary Criticism"

This study attempts to investigate the salient features of Turkish literary criticism through deconstructing the concepts of language, aesthetics and ideology intersecting the disciplines of sociology and history. It questions the nationality of the self-evident category of "Turkish literature" exploring in what ways the Turkish Literary Criticism operates in relation to its aesthetics and ideology. While discussions on nationalism invite us to reconsider Turkish Literature vis-a-vis post-colonial framework, the limitations of this framework for the Turkish literary studies are put to contest. Instead of inserting theoretical standpoints to fit into Turkish Literary criticism, this paper elaborates on interrelated concepts to fashion a stratified literary critical framework

Multicultural literature and the debates around a single literary canon in Turkey

This thesis focuses on the literary canon in Turkish literature. There is not a single literary canon in Turkish literature, which constitutes the main body of literature. On the contrary, there are different literary canons belonging to different ideological, ethnic, religious and cultural groups. In the formation of these various literary canons in Turkey, the role of the ideological standpoints is crucial. Firstly, I give a broad definition of the literary canon putting the notion of canon in the historical process and then, I focus on the literary canon debates in the West and Turkey. To understand the workings of the literary canon in Turkey, I examine two authors from the left-wing literary canon, namely, Kemal Tahir and Nazım Hikmet and their most contentious works with regard to the effects of the ideological standpoints on the evaluation of the literary works in Turkey. Firstly, I analyze Devlet Ana (Mother State) by Kemal Tahir, which represents a good example of the effect of the ideological standpoint on the canonization of novels in Turkish literature. Then, I analyze Human Landscapes from my Country and The Epic of the Independence War by Nazım Hikmet. These two epics composed by Nazım are other typical examples that illustrate the effects of the ideological standpoint on the literary works. After the analyses of these works, I state that there is not a single literary canon in Turkish literature and the reciprocal relationship, which develops on the basis of ideology, between the wording and the perception of the literary works is the underlying cause of the ideological appraisal of the literary works

Ukrainian-turkish literature relations between the 16th - 20th Centuries

The article highlights Ukrainian-Turkish relationships in literature, originating from oral folklore, ballads, and historical songs since the 16th century to the present day. It emphasizes that literary communications between Ukraine and Turkey are primarily due to their close geographical proximity, intertwined geopolitics, and historical, economic, and cultural interrelations between both nations. Based on literary works, the article distinguishes key stages in Ukrainian-Turkish relationships in Ukrainian literature from the 16th to the 20th centuries and examines how individual and group-based Ukrainian identities in Ukrainian folklore of the 16th-17th centuries were formed in interaction with Turkish identities. Starting from the 19th century, changes in the context of social and political processes cause communicative vectors in literary works to change as well. Important aspects of Ukrainian-Turkish literary communication are discussed

A Comparison Between Hep O Şarkı and Mahur Beste

In this article, two novels of Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, two important navelists of New Turkish Literature, are compared. It is emphasized that persons and events get similar characters in two novels

Human Types in Classical Turkish Literature in Terms of Philosophy

Edebiyat ve felsefe insanı, birçok yönden ele alan, açıklamaya çalışan alanlardır. Her sanatın bir amacı olduğu gibi bir de felsefesi, yani vermek istediği bir mesajı vardır. İnsan yaşadığı sürece kendine, tabiata ve topluma karşı mücadele içindedir. İnsanın kendi gözüyle veya bir başkasının gözüyle izdüşümü, doğal olarak edebiyata yansır. Edebiyattaki tipler de toplum içinden seçilmiş, âşinâ tiplerdir. Eski Türk Edebiyatı'nda insan tipleri genel olarak üç kategoride göze çarpar. 1. Basit veya ilkel insan tipi, edebiyatımızda "ben" merkezli insandır. Menfi tipler olan zahit ve rakip tipleri buna örnektir. 2. Gelişmiş veya ideal insan tipi, edebiyatımızda "sen" merkezli insanı temsil eder. İlkel insana nazaran gelişmiş bir tiptir ve kendisini geliştiren sevgidir. Sevgili karşısında aşık tipi buna örnektir. 3. Olgun (kamil) veya entellektüel insan tipi, edebiyatımızda "o" merkezli insandır. Hepsinin başlangıç noktası "ben" merkezli basit insandır. Kendini geliştiren basit insan, benliğini bir yana bırakıp aşk sayesinde "sen"lik geliştirir. Aşkı rehber edinen olgun insan, hep kendine uzak bir hedef seçer. Bu insan tiplerinin her birinin felsefi olarak değeri, vakıf oldukları, idrak edebildikleri mesafe ve yöneldikleri amaç kadardır. Literature and philosophy are branches examining and commenting on human in many respects. Not only has every craft an ai m but also its philosophy in meaning its message for human In any case human has struggled with itself, nature and socıety Naturally human's manner of the sight leans to its act. In literature, types of human are selected from the society. In the Classic Turkısh Literature types of human can be divided into three. 1.The fırst one is simple or primitive type in which "ego" is the center. This is a negative type such as riva! type or fanatic type. 2.The second one is idealist types in which "you" is the center. This is a positive type such as I over in the case of a beloved. 3.The third is mature type in which "she, if' (God) is center. This is also a positive type such as well-behaving mature person