Iteratively Decoded Irregular Variable Length Coding and Sphere-Packing Modulation-Aided Differential Space-Time Spreading

In this paper we consider serially concatenated and iteratively decoded Irregular Variable Length Coding (IrVLC) combined with precoded Differential Space-Time Spreading (DSTS) aided multidimensional Sphere Packing (SP) modulation designed for near-capacity joint source and channel coding. The IrVLC scheme comprises a number of component Variable Length Coding (VLC) codebooks having different coding rates for the sake of encoding particular fractions of the input source symbol stream. The relative length of these source-stream fractions can be chosen with the aid of EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts in order to shape the EXIT curve of the IrVLC codec, so that an open EXIT chart tunnel may be created even at low Eb/N0 values that are close to the capacity bound of the channel. These schemes are shown to be capable of operating within 0.9 dB of the DSTS-SP channel’s capacity bound using an average interleaver length of 113, 100 bits and an effective bandwidth efficiency of 1 bit/s/Hz, assuming ideal Nyquist filtering. By contrast, the equivalent-rate regular VLC-based benchmarker scheme was found to be capable of operating at 1.4 dB from the capacity bound, which is about 1.56 times the corresponding discrepancy of the proposed IrVLC-aided scheme

A universal space-time architecture for multiple-antenna aided systems

In this tutorial, we first review the family of conventional multiple-antenna techniques, and then we provide a general overview of the recent concept of the powerful Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) family based on a universal Space-Time Shift Keying (STSK) philosophy. When appropriately configured, the proposed STSK scheme has the potential of outperforming conventional MIMO arrangements

Design guidelines for spatial modulation

A new class of low-complexity, yet energyefficient Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission techniques, namely the family of Spatial Modulation (SM) aided MIMOs (SM-MIMO) has emerged. These systems are capable of exploiting the spatial dimensions (i.e. the antenna indices) as an additional dimension invoked for transmitting information, apart from the traditional Amplitude and Phase Modulation (APM). SM is capable of efficiently operating in diverse MIMO configurations in the context of future communication systems. It constitutes a promising transmission candidate for large-scale MIMO design and for the indoor optical wireless communication whilst relying on a single-Radio Frequency (RF) chain. Moreover, SM may also be viewed as an entirely new hybrid modulation scheme, which is still in its infancy. This paper aims for providing a general survey of the SM design framework as well as of its intrinsic limits. In particular, we focus our attention on the associated transceiver design, on spatial constellation optimization, on link adaptation techniques, on distributed/ cooperative protocol design issues, and on their meritorious variants

MIMO-aided near-capacity turbo transceivers: taxonomy and performance versus complexity

In this treatise, we firstly review the associated Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system theory and review the family of hard-decision and soft-decision based detection algorithms in the context of Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) systems. Our discussions culminate in the introduction of a range of powerful novel MIMO detectors, such as for example Markov Chain assisted Minimum Bit-Error Rate (MC-MBER) detectors, which are capable of reliably operating in the challenging high-importance rank-deficient scenarios, where there are more transmitters than receivers and hence the resultant channel-matrix becomes non-invertible. As a result, conventional detectors would exhibit a high residual error floor. We then invoke the Soft-Input Soft-Output (SISO) MIMO detectors for creating turbo-detected two- or three-stage concatenated SDM schemes and investigate their attainable performance in the light of their computational complexity. Finally, we introduce the powerful design tools of EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT)-charts and characterize the achievable performance of the diverse near- capacity SISO detectors with the aid of EXIT charts

On the performance of video resolution, motion and dynamism in transmission using near-capacity transceiver for wireless communication

This article investigates the performance of various sophisticated channel coding and transmission schemes for achieving reliable transmission of a highly compressed video stream. Novel error protection schemes including Non-Convergent Coding (NCC) scheme, Non-Convergent Coding assisted with Differential Space Time Spreading (DSTS) and Sphere Packing (SP) modulation (NCDSTS-SP) scheme and Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation (CDSTS-SP) are analyzed using Bit Error Ratio (BER) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) performance metrics. Furthermore, error reduction is achieved using sophisticated transceiver comprising SP modulation technique assisted by Differential Space Time Spreading. The performance of the iterative Soft Bit Source Decoding (SBSD) in combination with channel codes is analyzed using various error protection setups by allocating consistent overall bit-rate budget. Additionally, the iterative behavior of SBSD assisted RSC decoder is analyzed with the aid of Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Chart in order to analyze the achievable turbo cliff of the iterative decoding process. The subjective and objective video quality performance of the proposed error protection schemes is analyzed while employing H.264 advanced video coding and H.265 high efficient video coding standards, while utilizing diverse video sequences having different resolution, motion and dynamism. It was observed that in the presence of noisy channel the low resolution videos outperforms its high resolution counterparts. Furthermore, it was observed that the performance of video sequence with low motion contents and dynamism outperforms relative to video sequence with high motion contents and dynamism. More specifically, it is observed that while utilizing H.265 video coding standard, the Non-Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation scheme with enhanced transmission mechanism results in Eb/N0 gain of 20 dB with reference to the Non-Convergent Coding and transmission mechanism at the objective PSNR value of 42 dB. It is important to mention that both the schemes have employed identical code rate. Furthermore, the Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation mechanism achieved superior performance with reference to the equivalent rate Non-Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation counterpart mechanism, with a performance gain of 16 dB at the objective PSNR grade of 42 dB. Moreover, it is observed that the maximum achievable PSNR gain through H.265 video coding standard is 45 dB, with a PSNR gain of 3 dB with reference to the identical code rate H.264 coding scheme.Web of Science235art. no. 56

Non-binary LDPC coded STF-MIMO-OFDM with an iterative joint receiver structure

The aim of the dissertation was to design a realistic, low-complexity non-binary (NB) low density parity check (LDPC) coded space-time-frequency (STF) coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with an iterative joint decoder and detector structure at the receiver. The goal of the first part of the dissertation was to compare the performance of different design procedures for NB-LDPC codes on an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, taking into account the constraint on the code length. The effect of quantisation on the performance of the code was also analysed. Different methods for choosing the NB elements in the parity check matrix were compared. For the STF coding, a class of universal STF codes was used. These codes use linear pre-coding and a layering approach based on Diophantine numbers to achieve full diversity and a transmission rate (in symbols per channel use per frequency) equal to the number of transmitter antennas. The study of the system considers a comparative performance analysis of di erent ST, SF and STF codes. The simulations of the system were performed on a triply selective block fading channel. Thus, there was selectivity in the fading over time, space and frequency. The effect of quantisation at the receiver on the achievable diversity of linearly pre-coded systems (such as the STF codes used) was mathematically derived and verified with simulations. A sphere decoder (SD) was used as a MIMO detector. The standard method used to create a soft-input soft output (SISO) SD uses a hard-to-soft process and the max-log-map approximation. A new approach was developed which combines a Hopfield network with the SD. This SD-Hopfield detector was connected with the fast Fourier transform belief propagation (FFT-BP) algorithm in an iterative structure. This iterative system was able to achieve the same bit error rate (BER) performance as the original SISO-SD at a reduced complexity. The use of the iterative Hopfield-SD and FFT-BP decoder system also allows performance to be traded off for complexity by varying the number of decoding iterations. The complete system employs a NB-LDPC code concatenated with an STF code at the transmitter with a SISO-SD and FFT-BP decoder connected in an iterative structure at the receiver. The system was analysed in varying channel conditions taking into account the effect of correlation and quantisation. The performance of different SF and STF codes were compared and analysed in the system. An analysis comparing different numbers of FFT-BP and outer iterations was also done. AFRIKAANS : Die doel van die verhandeling was om ’n realistiese, lae-kompleksiteit nie-binˆere (NB) LDPC gekodeerde ruimte-tyd-frekwensie-gekodeerde MIMO-OFDM-sisteem met iteratiewe gesamentlike dekodeerder- en detektorstrukture by die ontvanger te ontwerp. Die eerstem deel van die verhandeling was om die werkverrigting van verskillende ontwerpprosedures vir NB-LDPC kodes op ’n gesommeerde wit Gausruiskanaal te vergelyk met inagneming van die beperking op die lengte van die kode. Verskillende metodes om die nie-bineêre elemente in die pariteitstoetsmatriks te kies, is gebruik. Vir die ruimte-tyd-frekwensiekodering is ’n klas universele ruimte-tyd-frekwensiekodes gebruik. Hierdie kodes gebruik lineêre pre-kodering en ’n laagbenadering gebaseer op Diofantiese syfers om volle diversiteit te bereik en ’n oordragtempo (in simbole per kanaalgebruik per frekwensie) gelyk aan die aantal senderantennes. Die studie van die sisteem oorweeg ’n vergelykende werkverrigtinganalisie van verskillende ruimte-tyd-, ruimte-freksensie- en ruimte-tyd-frekwensiekodes. Die simulasies van die sisteem is gedoen op ’n drievoudig selektiewe blokwegsterwingskanaal. Daar was dus selektiwiteit in die wegsterwing oor tyd, ruimte en frekwensie. Die effek van kwantisering by die ontvanger op die bereikbare diversiteit van lineêr pre-gekodeerde sisteme (soos die ruimte-tyd-frekwensiekodes wat gebruik is) is matematies afgelei en bevestig deur simulasies. ’n Sfeerdekodeerder (SD) is gebruik as ’n MIMO-detektor. Die standaardmetode wat gebuik is om ’n sagte-inset-sagte-uitset (SISO) SD te skep, gebruik ’n harde-na-sagte proses en die maksimum logaritmiese afbeelding-benadering. ’n Nuwe benadering wat ’n Hopfield-netwerk met die SD kombineer, is ontwikkel. Hierdie SD-Hopfield-detektor is verbind met die FFT-BP-algoritme in iteratiewe strukture. Hierdie iteratiewe sisteem was in staat om dieselfde bisfouttempo te bereik as die oorspronklike SISO-SD, met laer kompleksiteit. Die gebruik van die iteratiewe Hopfield-SD en FFT-BP-dekodeerdersisteem maak ook daarvoor voorsiening dat werkverrigting opgeweeg kan word teen kompleksiteit deur die aantal dekodering-iterasies te varieer. Die volledige sisteem maak gebruik van ’n QC-NB-LDPC-kode wat met ’n ruimte-tyd-frekwensiekode by die sender aaneengeskakel is met ’n SISO-SD en FFT-BP-dekodeerder wat in ’n iteratiewe struktuur by die ontvanger gekoppel is. Die sisteem is onder ’n verskeidenheid kanaalkondisies ge-analiseer met inagneming van die effek van korrelasie en kwantisering. Die werkverrigting van verskillende ruimte-frekwensie- en ruimte-tyd-frekwensiekodes is vergelyk en in die sisteem ge-analiseer. ’n Analise om ’n wisselende aantal FFT-BP en buite-iterasies te vergelyk, is ook gedoen. CopyrightDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineeringunrestricte

MIMO Systems

In recent years, it was realized that the MIMO communication systems seems to be inevitable in accelerated evolution of high data rates applications due to their potential to dramatically increase the spectral efficiency and simultaneously sending individual information to the corresponding users in wireless systems. This book, intends to provide highlights of the current research topics in the field of MIMO system, to offer a snapshot of the recent advances and major issues faced today by the researchers in the MIMO related areas. The book is written by specialists working in universities and research centers all over the world to cover the fundamental principles and main advanced topics on high data rates wireless communications systems over MIMO channels. Moreover, the book has the advantage of providing a collection of applications that are completely independent and self-contained; thus, the interested reader can choose any chapter and skip to another without losing continuity