Prefabricated Construction using Digitally Integrated Industrial Manufacturing

The paper describes research being carried out in relation to prefabricated high density affordablehousing under a grant from the Partnership for the Advancement of Technology in Housing(PATH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the USA. The objective is to demonstratehow a new paradigm for the conceptualization and construction of buildings can be conceivedof as an entirely factory based process that creates advantages for construction through industrialsystems technology transfer. Our approach is intended to transform design methodologythrough demonstrating how alternative construction concepts, using entirely pre-manufacturedvolumetric units, can be adopted. This involves digital modeling that facilitates parametric variationsfor creating customized prefabricated products from design conceptualization through tofinal product delivery. The paper discusses key areas under investigation in relation to a manufacturingparadigm used in the automotive industry that integrates virtual prototyping and industrialmanufacturing systems. Our research explores a type of monocoque volumetric unit prefabricatedin steel, which will be pre-finished as part of a modular factory-built approach usingindustrialized methodologies that will facilitate customized manufacture of a high quality energyefficient product for affordable housing.The paper addresses the automotive industry methods of manufacture that have served increasedautomobile performance and economics through mass production for over a century. In starkcontrast, the building industry and in particular the housing industry is still a century behind. It issuggested that a move away from tradition will require an industry wide initiative, just like HenryFord led the way with mass production. By embracing the increasing sophistication and capabilitythat digital technology offers, it is shown how digital tools are implemented towards masscustomization in house design using virtual modeling in the context of a prefabricated manufacturingapproach. This includes industrialized modular sub-assembly design, where the informationon parts, assemblies and modules can be transferred to digital and robotic technology, asseen in the automotive industry, as well as achieving enhanced production efficiency through a‘supply chain' process, which is condensed. The paper discusses how these models for manufacturecan be transferred into the housing market in order to revolutionize the cost and qualitybase of construction. Our research objective is to disseminate knowledge on this process, andshowing how through integrated transfer of automotive technologies we can implement an industrializedfabrication process for mass housing, not previously known in the building industry

Prefabricated Construction using Digitally Integrated Industrial Manufacturing

The paper describes research being carried out in relation to prefabricated high density affordable housing under a grant from the Partnership for the Advancement of Technology in Housing (PATH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the USA. The objective is to demonstrate how a new paradigm for the conceptualization and construction of buildings can be conceived of as an entirely factory based process that creates advantages for construction through industrial systems technology transfer. Our approach is intended to transform design methodology through demonstrating how alternative construction concepts, using entirely pre-manufactured volumetric units, can be adopted. This involves digital modeling that facilitates parametric variations for creating customized prefabricated products from design conceptualization through to final product delivery. The paper discusses key areas under investigation in relation to a manufacturing paradigm used in the automotive industry that integrates virtual prototyping and industrial manufacturing systems. Our research explores a type of monocoque volumetric unit prefabricated in steel, which will be pre-finished as part of a modular factory-built approach using industrialized methodologies that will facilitate customized manufacture of a high quality energy efficient product for affordable housing. The paper addresses the automotive industry methods of manufacture that have served increased automobile performance and economics through mass production for over a century. In stark contrast, the building industry and in particular the housing industry is still a century behind. It is suggested that a move away from tradition will require an industry wide initiative, just like Henry Ford led the way with mass production. By embracing the increasing sophistication and capability that digital technology offers, it is shown how digital tools are implemented towards mass customization in house design using virtual modeling in the context of a prefabricated manufacturing approach. This includes industrialized modular sub-assembly design, where the information on parts, assemblies and modules can be transferred to digital and robotic technology, as seen in the automotive industry, as well as achieving enhanced production efficiency through a ‘supply chain' process, which is condensed. The paper discusses how these models for manufacture can be transferred into the housing market in order to revolutionize the cost and quality base of construction. Our research objective is to disseminate knowledge on this process, and showing how through integrated transfer of automotive technologies we can implement an industrialized fabrication process for mass housing, not previously known in the building industry. A key focus of our evolving research and development is to enable mass customization or delayed differentiation through virtual prototyping that becomes the central organizing element for design. This transfers through to the supply and implementation of housing using industrialized production line manufacture of a product. The expected outcomes of this research and the conclusions drawn in this paper will demonstrate the means by which to achieve more accessibility to affordable housing for society at large and how through successful design integration and an industrial basis for manufacture will provide an adaptable set of affordable housing typologies for diverse demographic needs

Towards an ontology framework for the integrated design of modular assembly systems

Next generation manufacturing companies have to become highly responsive in order to succeed in an ever more rapidly changing global market. The ability to effectively develop and adapt their assembly facilities (systems) to changing requirements on demand plays a crucial role in achieving high responsiveness since the assembly process has to deal with the full inherent complexity of increasingly mass-customised products. This work was motivated by the current lack of a holistic assembly system design theory that would enable design environments to address the need for rapid system development and adaptation. The challenge is to create a common environment where domain experts can effectively collaborate while taking advantage of the best practices of their diverse domains. This thesis investigates how a domain ontology can help to overcome those challenges. The approach is taking advantage of the higher levels of standardisation inherent in the modular assembly system paradigm which is considered to be one of the fundamental enabling factors to achieve a high level of adaptation. A new ontology framework has been developed to support the design and adaptation of modular assembly systems (ONTOMAS). The ONTOMAS framework is based on engineering ontology principles structuring the domain using formalisms for aggregation, topology, taxonomies, and system theory principles. A number of design patterns have been identified and formalised to support key design decision-making tasks during the design of modular assembly systems. Furthermore, the function-behaviour-structure paradigm has been applied to capture the characteristics of modular assembly equipment at different levels of abstraction that reflect the specific needs of the engineering design process. The proposed ONTOMAS framework provides a sound foundation for computer based support tools to reduce the assembly system design effort and time while maintaining a high level of quality. An integrated design framework for the requirements driven specification of assembly processes and configuration of modular assembly system has been developed. The design approach applies the new formalisms of ONTOMAS to support the design decision-making activities. The developed ONTOMAS framework has been applied in several industrial and synthetic use cases to verify its applicability and appropriateness. Furthermore, the new ontology and design framework have been used as foundation for the development of a prototype collaborative design environment which allows different domain experts to participate in the design of modular assembly systems

Towards an ontology framework for the integrated design of modular assembly systems

Next generation manufacturing companies have to become highly responsive in order to succeed in an ever more rapidly changing global market. The ability to effectively develop and adapt their assembly facilities (systems) to changing requirements on demand plays a crucial role in achieving high responsiveness since the assembly process has to deal with the full inherent complexity of increasingly mass-customised products. This work was motivated by the current lack of a holistic assembly system design theory that would enable design environments to address the need for rapid system development and adaptation. The challenge is to create a common environment where domain experts can effectively collaborate while taking advantage of the best practices of their diverse domains. This thesis investigates how a domain ontology can help to overcome those challenges. The approach is taking advantage of the higher levels of standardisation inherent in the modular assembly system paradigm which is considered to be one of the fundamental enabling factors to achieve a high level of adaptation. A new ontology framework has been developed to support the design and adaptation of modular assembly systems (ONTOMAS). The ONTOMAS framework is based on engineering ontology principles structuring the domain using formalisms for aggregation, topology, taxonomies, and system theory principles. A number of design patterns have been identified and formalised to support key design decision-making tasks during the design of modular assembly systems. Furthermore, the function-behaviour-structure paradigm has been applied to capture the characteristics of modular assembly equipment at different levels of abstraction that reflect the specific needs of the engineering design process. The proposed ONTOMAS framework provides a sound foundation for computer based support tools to reduce the assembly system design effort and time while maintaining a high level of quality. An integrated design framework for the requirements driven specification of assembly processes and configuration of modular assembly system has been developed. The design approach applies the new formalisms of ONTOMAS to support the design decision-making activities. The developed ONTOMAS framework has been applied in several industrial and synthetic use cases to verify its applicability and appropriateness. Furthermore, the new ontology and design framework have been used as foundation for the development of a prototype collaborative design environment which allows different domain experts to participate in the design of modular assembly systems

Modular product development for mass customization

fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Using requirement-functional-logical-physical models to support early assembly process planning for complex aircraft systems integration

The assembly line process planning connects product design and manufacturing through translating design information to assembly integration sequence. The assembly integration sequence defines the aircraft system components installation and test precedence of an assembly process. This activity is part of the complex systems integration and verification process from a systems engineering view. In this paper, the complexity of modern aircraft is defined by classifying aircraft system interactions in terms of energy flow, information data, control signals and physical connections. At the early conceptual design phase of assembly line planning, the priority task is to understand these product complexities, and generate the installation and test sequence that satisfies the designed system function and meet design requirements. This research proposes a novel method for initial assembly process planning that accounts for both physical and functional integrations. The method defines aircraft system interactions by using systems engineering concepts based on traceable RFLP (Requirement, Functional, Logical and Physical) models and generate the assembly integration sequence through a structured approach. The proposed method is implemented in an industrial software environment, and tested in a case study. The result shows the feasibility and potential benefits of the proposed method

Design of the Electronics Subsystem for a High-Resolution Electro-Optical Payload Using Systems Engineering Approach

Satellite imagers, in contrast to commercial imagers, demand exceptional performance and operate under harsh conditions. The camera is an essential part of an Earth Observation Electro Optical (EO) payload that is designed in response to needs such as military demands, changes in world politics, inception of new technologies, operational requirements and experiments. As one of the key subsystems, the Imager Electronics Subsystem of a high-resolution EO payload plays very important role in the accomplishment of mission objectives and payload goals. Hence, these Electronics Subsystems require a special design approach optimised for their needs and meticulous characterizations of high-resolution space applications. This dissertation puts forward the argument that the system being studied is a subsystem of a larger system and that systems engineering principles can be applied to the subsystem design process also. The aim of this dissertation is to design the Imager Electronics Subsystem of a high-resolution Electro Optical Payload using a systems engineering approach to represent a logical integration and test flow using the space industry guidelines. The Imager Electronics Subsystem consists of group of elements forming the functional chain from the Image Sensors on the Focal Plane down to electrical interface to the Data Handling Unit and power interface of the satellite. This subsystem is responsible for collecting light in different spectral bands, converting this light to data of different spectral bands from image sensors for high-resolution imaging, performing operations for aligning, tagging and multiplexing along with incorporating internal and external interfaces