Acceptability of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots, video consultations and live webchats as online platforms for sexual health advice

Objectives Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services are undergoing a digital transformation. This study explored the acceptability of three digital services, (i) video consultations via Skype, (ii) live webchats with a health advisor and (iii) artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots, as potential platforms for SRH advice. Methods A pencil-and-paper 33-item survey was distributed in three clinics in Hampshire, UK for patients attending SRH services. Logistic regressions were performed to identify the correlates of acceptability. Results In total, 257 patients (57% women, 50% aged <25 years) completed the survey. As the first point of contact, 70% preferred face-to-face consultations, 17% telephone consultation, 10% webchats and 3% video consultations. Most would be willing to use video consultations (58%) and webchat facilities (73%) for ongoing care, but only 40% found AI chatbots acceptable. Younger age (<25 years) (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.38), White ethnicity (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.34), past sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.95), self-reported STI symptoms (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.97), smartphone ownership (OR 16.0, 95% CI 3.64 to 70.5) and the preference for a SRH smartphone application (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.35) were associated with video consultations, webchats or chatbots acceptability. Conclusions Although video consultations and webchat services appear acceptable, there is currently little support for SRH chatbots. The findings demonstrate a preference for human interaction in SRH services. Policymakers and intervention developers need to ensure that digital transformation is not only cost-effective but also acceptable to users, easily accessible and equitable to all populations using SRH services

Organizational Intelligence in Digital Innovation: Evidence from Georgia State University

The fourth industrial revolution challenges organizations to cope with dynamic business landscapes as they seek to improve their competitive position through rapid and pervasive digitalization of products, services, processes, and business models. As organizations sense and respond to new opportunities and threats, digital innovations are not only meeting new requirements, unarticulated needs, and market demands, they also lead to disruptive transformation of sociotechnical structures. Despite the practical relevance and theoretical significance of digital innovations, we still have limited knowledge on how digital innovation initiatives are rationalized, realized, and managed to improve organizational performance. Drawing on a longitudinal study of digital innovations to improve student success at Georgia State University, we develop a theory of organizational intelligence to help understand how organizations’ digital innovation initiatives are organized and managed to improve their performance over time in the broader context of organizational transformation. We posit that organizational intelligence enables an organization to gather, process, and manipulate information and to communicate, share, and make sense of the knowledge it creates, so it can increase its adaptive potential in the dynamic environment in which it operates. Moreover, we elaborate how organizational intelligence is constituted as human and material agency come together in analytical and relational intelligence to help organizations effectively manage digital innovations, and how organizational intelligence both shapes and is shaped by an organization’s digital innovation initiatives. Hence, while current research on organizational intelligence predominantly emphasizes analytic capabilities, this research puts equal emphasis on relational capabilities. Similarly, while current research on organizational intelligence focuses only on human agency, this research focuses equally on material agency. Our proposed theory of organizational intelligence responds to recent calls to position IS theories along the sociotechnical axis of cohesion and has pronounced implications for both theory and practice

Can Chatbots Help Support a Person’s Mental Health?:Perceptions and Views from Mental Healthcare Professionals and Experts

Godkänd;2022;Nivå 0;2022-02-04 (johcin)</p

Design issues in Human-centered AI for Marginalized People

Designing for migrants and asylum seekers requires the involvement of the whole society to improve the integration of citizens coming from countries with different cultures, religions, and life patterns. The design and development of AI companions for a personalized access to services is the horizon chosen to support and improve the inclusion of migrants and refugees both for the effectiveness of the services provided by public administration and local organizations, and for the quality of life of migrants and refugees. AI-based services are at the heart of the Digital Companion for migrants and asylum seekers designed to support more effective communication between public administrations and migrants. The human-centered, iterative, participative and critical design approach proved to be valuable to address the heterogeneous needs of the end-users as well as of the local service providers. Concrete issues in defining, testing, and refining the AI are discussed in view of provoking an impact on the whole society and towards a scenario of full development and upscaling

Radical Technological Innovation and Perception: A Non-Physician Practitioners’ Perspective

Radical technological innovations, such as chatbots, fundamentally alter many aspects of healthcare organizations. For example, they transform how clinicians care for their patients. Despite the potential benefits, they cannot be integrated into practice without the support of the clinicians whose jobs are affected. While previous research shed important light on physicians’ perceptions, little is known on nonphysician practitioners view said innovations. This paper reports on a qualitative study, involving 10 nonphysician clinicians from Ontario, Canada, conducted to determine the perceptions and cognitions of clinicians regarding radical innovation and their previous experiences with technological change. Results indicate that clinicians as semi-autonomous agents can interpret and act upon their environment with regard to determining how innovations such as chatbots are implemented

Interaction monitoring model of logo counseling website for college students’ healthy self-esteem

The purpose of this research is to develop the client-counselor interaction monitoring model of the logo counseling website. The model attempts to help counselors in guiding and helping the students (clients) to achieve healthy self-esteem. Machine learning techniques integrated into the model will ensure that the recommendations can be available for counselors and supervisors in the near real-time environment. For the first implementation, a chatbot application is developed and tested with excellent responses from the students. Further research is needed to implement the complete specifications of the interaction monitoring model on the logo counseling website

THE FRIENDLY CHATBOT: REVEALING WHY PEOPLE USE CHATBOTS THROUGH A STUDY OF USER EXPERIENCE OF CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS

Chatbots are becoming increasingly popular. However, little is known about the way chatbots should be designed. Whether the users should be informed or not beforehand that they are chatting with a chatbot is an open question. Similarly, questions related to the level of ‘humanistic’ tonality in interactions with chatbots are unanswered. In this paper, we present a controlled experiment in which 40 individuals participated. Their user experience was compared depending on whether they knew that they were chatting with chatbots before or afterwards. Two different versions of chatbots were tested (one with mechanical tonality and one with humanistic tonality). Our findings illustrate that: i) it is vital that the users enter the conversation knowing that they are chatting with a chatbot; ii) tonality matters, the way chatbots are designed is pivotal for the user experience, the ‘human-like’ and friendly chatbot was preferred over the mechanical, task-oriented chatbot

Assistive Chatbots for healthcare: a succinct review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for supporting healthcare services has never been more necessitated than by the recent global pandemic. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in AI-enabled Chatbots in healthcare proposed during the last 10 years (2013-2023). The focus on AI-enabled technology is because of its potential for enhancing the quality of human-machine interaction via Chatbots, reducing dependence on human-human interaction and saving man-hours. Our review indicates that there are a handful of (commercial) Chatbots that are being used for patient support, while there are others (non-commercial) that are in the clinical trial phases. However, there is a lack of trust on this technology regarding patient safety and data protection, as well as a lack of wider awareness on its benefits among the healthcare workers and professionals. Also, patients have expressed dissatisfaction with Natural Language Processing (NLP) skills of the Chatbots in comparison to humans. Notwithstanding the recent introduction of ChatGPT that has raised the bar for the NLP technology, this Chatbot cannot be trusted with patient safety and medical ethics without thorough and rigorous checks to serve in the `narrow' domain of assistive healthcare. Our review suggests that to enable deployment and integration of AI-enabled Chatbots in public health services, the need of the hour is: to build technology that is simple and safe to use; to build confidence on the technology among: (a) the medical community by focussed training and development; (b) the patients and wider community through outreach