Design Variables for Self-Directed Learning in MOOC Environment

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can meet education needs from diverse social, cultural, and access backgrounds and require a minimal cost of resources from learners. To successfully scaffold large and distributed populations to learn effectively in these MOOCs, the design needs to optimize self-directed learning. In this paper, the researchers investigated the design variables for MOOCs\u27 learning environment that allowed learning choices made by learners. With this study, the researchers developed a 21-item questionnaire based on a review of the literature and their MOOC design and implementation practices, Massive Online Open Course Learning Environment Design Questionnaire (MOOC-LED). The researchers used the quantitative survey study and developed an initial examination of the MOOC-LED factor structure, validity, and internal reliability. The analyses were based on the anonymous data of 162 participants’ perception of learning in MOOCs. The scholarly significance of the 21-item MOOC-LED questionnaire is discussed with its limitations, implications, and future directions

From Instructivism to Connectivism: Theoretical Underpinnings of MOOCs

While the first MOOCs were connectivist in their approach to learning, later versions have expanded to include instructivist structures and structures that blend both theories. From an instructional design standpoint the differences are important. This paper will examine how to analyze the goals of any proposed MOOC to determine what the epistemological focus should be. This will lead to a discussion of types of communication needed—based on analysis of power dynamics—to design accurately within the determined epistemology. The paper also explores later stages of design related to proper communication of the intended power structure or theoretical design as these relate to various activities and expectations in the MOOC

MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free online courses available to anyone who can sign up. MOOCs provide an affordable and flexible way to learn new skills, advance in careers, and provide quality educational experiences to a certain extent. Millions of people around the world use MOOCs for learning and their reasons are various, including career development, career change, college preparation, supplementary learning, lifelong learning, corporate e-Learning and training, and so on

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion – A MOOC for Academic Purposes

Since its fifth framework programme (1998–2002), the European Union has promoted gender equality and equal opportunities in the higher education sector and science and technological development. In its current framework programme for research and innovation, Horizon Europe (2021–2027), the EU requires scientists to systematically integrate the concepts of sex, gender and intersectionality into their research paths and to promote equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in their working environments. However, for historical reasons, following the EU requirements is challenging, particularly for scientists in STEM disciplines. The University of Genoa is planning a MOOC suited to a large research institution audience to address this problem. The MOOC’s targets are researchers, scholars, administrative personnel and students interested in advancing EDI practices in the scientific fields. It enables them to understand the basic principles underlying the gender mainstreaming adopted by the EU and integrate methods and strategies related to sex, gender and intersectionality to progress towards an EDI-sensitive institution. Supported by a learner-centred instructional strategy, this chapter explores the choices related to EDI-sensitive methods and strategies adopted to develop and implement an online education path. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed

Self-determined learning in EFL classroom: a trajectory for the future research

The development of technology has rapidly affected the growth complexity of the 21st century's work environment which also influences educational environment. Thus, approaches in teaching and learning such as self-determined learning has been considered relevant to enhance the quality of learning. Researchers and educators have been pursuing to accomodate the praxis of self-determined learning. The purpose of the study was to uncover research trends and try to bridge the gap of future research of self-determined learning (SDL) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. Using meta-synthesis, 13 selected articles were examined drawn from a single database from the last five years between 2017 and 2021. The articles were systematically selected through several criteria using the query "Self-determined Learning+AND+EFL" in the Sopus database. They contributed to the growing interest related to research and practice of heutagogy or SDL. Results showed that research areas of SDL had been widely investigated in different levels of students; primary (23%), secondary (23%), and university (54%). In addition, a few research studies were conducted to examine students' language skills and language components (listening and vocabulary) (15%). It implicated that many EFL research area could be investigated from different levels and focus in the future.

Learner engagement in a MOOC in the Arab world: A case study analysis using the community of inquiry framework

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been offered by many institutions around the globe for the better part of a decade, and more recently in the Arab World. Learner engagement in MOOCs has also been researched in attempts to explain the varying degrees of engagement in these courses. This research aimed to explore the factors that affect learner engagement using an Arabic MOOC about E-Marketing offered by Edraak, one of the leading MOOC providers in the region, as a case study. This study used a mixed methods approach to explore the significance of the relationship between a) learner engagement and multiple demographic and psychographic variables of learners, and b) learner engagement and the perception of learners about the Community of Inquiry (CoI) presences; teaching presence, social presence and cognitive presence. Additionally, the research included interviews with some of the learners who participated in the MOOC in order to better understand the factors they themselves attribute to their engagement or disengagement; aiming to also explore the relationship between their engagement levels and their motivations, intentions from enrolling in the MOOC and self-regulated learning strategies. This study used a Chi-square test to explore which variables and presences had statistically significant relationships with engagement, which was defined as the level of learner interaction with the course activities, namely watching the weekly videos and attempting to solve the weekly quizzes. The results of the Chi-square test as well as a thematic analysis of the interviews using the CoI model, theories of motivation, self-regulated learning and andragogy are presented. Results of Chi-square test indicated that there is in fact statistical significance between learner engagement and variables such as age group, goal from enrolling in the MOOC, knowledge about the MOOC subject, eligibility for receiving a course completion certificate, previous enrollment in MOOCs and self-motivation. There was no statistical significance observed between the level of learner engagement and their perceptions of the CoI presences. A discussion on the interpretation of this data, the study limitations as well as recommendations for future research is also presented

MOOC and the workplace: key support elements in digital lifelong learning

This paper examines the relationship between trends in workplace learning and train-ing; the EU policy for lifelong learning; and describes the role that alternative forms of educational delivery such as MOOC can play in supporting future scenarios such as automation and digitalization. The research conducted is based on synthesis of prior research results, literature analysis, qualitative research, specifically course evaluation through roundtable discussion. This paper draws together research into MOOC delivery and impact and contextualises these in relation to both recent workplace trends (digitalisation and automation) and lifelong learning policies within the EU. A conceptual model for differentiating flexible, open and online forms of delivery is introduced

Distance Learning—Predictions and Possibilities

Education systems, educational institutions and educational professions, including those of distance learning, can often be inward-looking, backward-looking and self-referential, meaning that they are often fixated on their own concerns, values and processes. In many respects, this is necessary and valuable but the topic of challenges and future trends in distance learning is an opportunity to explore the place of distance learning in a wider world where cultures and ideologies clash, where education and employment are no longer stable and secure, where universities and colleges are under unprecedented pressures, where the technologies and trends of educational technology represent a crowded and chaotic space and where a critical examination of distance learning is necessary to underpin its methods and its mission. This paper addresses in essence three questions, firstly, is the distance learning community clear about the definition and purpose of its work, secondly, what are global political, economic and technological pressures on the institutions of higher education delivering distance learning, and thirdly, what do typical innovations and trends in educational technology signify for distance learning? These are linked questions and the answers constitute challenging predictions and possibilities. The nature of these questions means there are no simple answers only a more complete understanding of a fluid, partial and complex environment within which education, including distance learning, cannot operate in ignorance or isolation