Towards Goal-aware Collaboration in Artistic Agent Societies

We study the effects of goal-awareness in artistic agent societies creating evolutionary art. Particularly, we examine how goal-awareness may be utilized in modeling agent's peers when the aesthetic goals of the agent and its peers are subject to change. The agents use the learned peer models to choose their collaboration partners, and may alter their own aesthetic goal for the duration of the collaboration in order to enhance the potential of the collaboration outcomes. In addition, we demonstrate how goal-awareness can be used to guide the aesthetic goal change. The empirical evaluation indicates that agents which can adapt to their collaboration partners are more likely to reach favorable collaboration outcomes, even when their partners perceive fundamentally different properties from the artifacts.Peer reviewe

Luovat järjestelmät, toimijat sekä yhteisöt : Teoreettisia analyysimenetelmiä ja empiirisiä yhteistyötutkimuksia

Creativity is a multi-faceted phenomenon that can be observed in diverse individuals and contexts, both natural and artificial. This thesis studies computational creativity, i.e. creativity in machines, which can be broadly categorised as a subfield of artificial intelligence. In particular, the thesis deals with three important perspectives on computational creativity: (1) identifying properties of creative individuals, (2) studying processes that lead to creative outcomes, and (3) observing and analysing social aspects of creativity, e.g. collaboration which may allow the individuals to create something together which they could not do alone. One of the key interests in computational creativity is how computational entities may exhibit creativity in their own right, implying that the creative entities and their compositions, roles, processes and interactions are potentially different from those encountered in nature. This calls for theoretical analysis methods specifically tailored for artificial creative entities, and carefully controlled empirical experiments and simulations with them. We study both of these aspects. The analysis methods allow us to scrutinise exactly how creativity occurs in artificial entities by providing appropriate conceptual elements and vocabulary, while experiments enable us to test and confirm the effectiveness of different design decisions considering individual artificial creative entities and their interaction with each other. We propose three novel, domain-general analysis tools for artificial creative entities, i.e. creative systems and creative agents, and collections of them, called creative societies. First, we distinguish several conceptual components relevant for metacreative systems, i.e. systems that can reflect and control their creative behaviour, and discuss how these components are interlinked and affect the system's creativity. Second, we merge elements from sequential decision making in intelligent agents, i.e. Markov Decision Processes, into formal creativity as search model called the Creative Systems Framework, providing a detailed account of various elements which compose the decision-making process of a creative agent. Third, we map elements from an eminent social creativity theory, the Systems View of Creativity, a.k.a. Domain-Individual-Field-Interaction model, into the elements of the Creative Systems Framework and show how creative societies may be analysed formally with it. Each of the proposed analysis tools provides new ways to analyse creativity in artificial entities. The analysis of metacreative systems assumes an architectural point of view to creativity, which has not been previously addressed in detail. Deconstructing the decision-making process of a creative agent gives us additional means to discuss and understand why or how a creative agent selects certain actions. Lastly, the contributions to the creative societies are the first formal framework for their analysis. We also investigate in two consecutive case studies collaborator selection in creative societies. In the first study, we focus on what kind of cues, e.g. selfish or altruistic, assist in choosing beneficial collaboration partners when all the agents can observe from their peers are the individually created end products. The second study allows the agents to adjust their aesthetic preferences during the simulations and inspects what emerges from society as a whole. We conclude that selfish cues seem to be more effective in choosing the collaboration partners in our settings and that the society exhibits distinct emergence depending on how much the agents are willing to change their aesthetic preferences.Luovuus on monitahoinen ilmiö, jonka osatekijöitä voidaan tunnistaa monissa eri asiayhteyksissä. Tässä väitöskirjassa käsitellään laskennallista luovuutta, eli luovuutta koneissa, mikä voidaan karkeasti luokitella tekoälyn yhdeksi osa-alueeksi. Yksi laskennallisen luovuuden tärkeimmistä kiinnostuksen kohteista tutkii miten koneet voivat olla luovia omasta ansiostaan. Tämä tarkoittaa että luovat järjestelmät ja toimijat, menetelmät, yhteisöt sekä niiden vuorovaikutus voivat erota ihmisten vastaavista. On siis tärkeää kyetä keskustelemaan luovien järjestelmien, toimijoiden ja yhteisöjen ominaisuuksista riippumatta niiden toteutuksien yksityiskohdista sekä suunnittelemaan simulaatioita ja kokeita joissa voidaan todentaa suunnitteluratkaisujen vaikutukset järjestelmän luovuudelle. Väitöskirja esittelee kolme uutta luovuuden analyysimenetelmää, jotka on kehitetty analysoimaan (1) luovia järjestelmiä, (2) luovia toimijoita sekä (3) luovia agenttiyhteisöjä. Lisäksi kahdessa osajulkaisussa tutkitaan yhteistyöprosesseja simuloiduissa yhteisöissä, joissa itsenäiset luovat toimijat tuottavat abstraktia taidetta evolutiivisia menetelmiä käyttäen. Ehdotetut analyysimenetelmät mahdollistavat luovuuden monialaisen tarkastelun sekä tarjoavat yhden mahdollisen suunnan kohti laskennallisen luovuuden yhtenäistä analyysimenetelmää. Havainnot empiirisistä simulaatioista antavat uutta tietoa laskennallisista yhteistyöprosesseista ja ovat askel kohti monimutkaisempia kokeita luovan yhteistyön saralla

Design Considerations for Real-Time Collaboration with Creative Artificial Intelligence

Machines incorporating techniques from artificial intelligence and machine learning can work with human users on a moment-to-moment, real-time basis to generate creative outcomes, performances and artefacts. We define such systems collaborative, creative AI systems, and in this article, consider the theoretical and practical considerations needed for their design so as to support improvisation, performance and co-creation through real-time, sustained, moment-to-moment interaction. We begin by providing an overview of creative AI systems, examining strengths, opportunities and criticisms in order to draw out the key considerations when designing AI for human creative collaboration. We argue that the artistic goals and creative process should be first and foremost in any design. We then draw from a range of research that looks at human collaboration and teamwork, to examine features that support trust, cooperation, shared awareness and a shared information space. We highlight the importance of understanding the scope and perception of two-way communication between human and machine agents in order to support reflection on conflict, error, evaluation and flow. We conclude with a summary of the range of design challenges for building such systems in provoking, challenging and enhancing human creative activity through their creative agency

Possibilities in Artistic Practices: Human Rights and Training for a Culture of Citizenship

This text reflects on the practice in art education to develop curiosity interest and critical thinking on issues concerning freedom of creative expression and the creation of significant artistic manifestations that communicate with the other The learning processes based on dialogue and relational collaboration between students and teachers result in artistic objects produce from reflection around issues of human rights and formation for citizenship The study was developed in the Artistic Production Course of the Specialization in Ceramics at Ant nio Arroio Art School in Lisbon Portugal with students from a 12th-grade class An action-research methodology was used with data collected through the observation of the developed activities and interviews intended to understand and identify connections arising from these reflective thoughts and their impact on artistic practices Within the scope of the results obtained we found that promoting activities with experimentation and exploration of ideas sharing different perspectives and decision-making contributes to the social and cultural individuals identity constructio

Arts/Cultural Management in International Contexts

Cultural managers are increasingly engaged ininternational projects; they work in international art festivals, globalcompanies of the creative industries, or international tourism. They areinvolved in cultural diplomacy and cultural development cooperation; andmoreover, in times of an increasing worldwide migration, cultural managers areengaged in moderating “intercultural” change management processes in their owncountries. How is internationalization influencingcultural management? Is there a tendency towards harmonization of managementpractices due to cultural globalization? How do cultural managers from different worldregions describe their working conditions also in terms of cultural policy, andwhich differences can be observed? What are the main challenges of internationalcultural cooperation, which competencies are needed for working ininternational and intercultural contexts, and which training concepts ininternational cultural management proved to be successful? These questions are investigated on the basisof a world wide survey of cultural managers

The Creative Citizen: Citizenship Building in Urban Areas

O presente trabalho pretende reflectir sobre a cidadania na sociedade contemporânea, sugerindo uma nova abordagem a este conceito, na qual a prática artística e a importância crescente da diversidade cultural dos contextos urbanos contemporâneos são os elementos essenciais para a criação de cidadãos criativos. Este estudo centra-se em estudos de caso da área Metropolitana de Boston (Estado do Massachussets, EUA) com o objectivo de abordar a cultura e a prática artística como plataformas para reequacionar a cidadania ao nível comunitário. Os estudos de caso dão conta de exemplos onde a cidadania é analisada do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento de relações inter-étnicas e conexões pessoais, entendidas como plataformas de inclusão artística, de criação de uma identidade local associada com um distrito artístico, e através da apropriação do espaço físico e do reforço da identidade cultural. A relação entre espaço público urbano, comunidade e cultura é entendida como uma plataforma que pode oferecer novas estratégias de revificação dos espaços urbanos, assim como estratégias específicas de envolvimento cívico e de liderança nas comunidades, criando oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de cidadãos criativos.The current work explores the significance of citizenship in the contemporary world, suggesting a new approach to its realization, where artistic practice and the development of cultural awareness combine to produce the creative citizen. This research uses case studies from three Boston metropolitan area neighbourhoods in Massachusetts, USA, to reflect on arts and culture as platforms to re-address citizenship at the community level. The case studies address examples where citizenship is explored through the development of inter-ethnic and face-to-face connections as platforms of artistic inclusion, the creation of a local identity associated with an Arts District, and through physical space appropriation and reinforcement of cultural identity. The relationship between urban public space, community, and culture is understood as a platform that may offer new strategies for urban space revivification, and specific strategies of civic engagement and leadership in these communities, providing impetus for the development of creative citizens

Art in the Anthropocene: Confronting Global Environmental Change Through Aesthetic Platforms

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