Computational Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics

With the advances in high-speed computer technology, complex heat transfer and fluid flow problems can be solved computationally with high accuracy. Computational modeling techniques have found a wide range of applications in diverse fields of mechanical, aerospace, energy, environmental engineering, as well as numerous industrial systems. Computational modeling has also been used extensively for performance optimization of a variety of engineering designs. The purpose of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of innovative computational heat transfer and fluid mechanics, including both fundamental and practical applications. The scope of the present book includes single and multiphase flows, laminar and turbulent flows, heat and mass transfer, energy storage, heat exchangers, respiratory flows and heat transfer, biomedical applications, porous media, and optimization. In addition, this book provides guidelines for engineers and researchers in computational modeling and simulations in fluid mechanics and heat transfer

Solidification and Gravity VII

International audienc

Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications

This book covers a number of developing topics in mass transfer processes in multiphase systems for a variety of applications. The book effectively blends theoretical, numerical, modeling and experimental aspects of mass transfer in multiphase systems that are usually encountered in many research areas such as chemical, reactor, environmental and petroleum engineering. From biological and chemical reactors to paper and wood industry and all the way to thin film, the 31 chapters of this book serve as an important reference for any researcher or engineer working in the field of mass transfer and related topics

Proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress

Published proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress, hosted by York University, 27-30 May 2018

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS AND POLYMERS: EXPERIMENTAL 1D MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS

Recent advances in materials engineering have given rise to a new class of materials known as active materials. These materials when used appropriately can aid in development of smart structural systems. Smart structural systems are adaptive in nature and can be utilized in applications that are subject to time varying loads such as aircraft wings, structures exposed to earthquakes, electrical interconnections, biomedical applications, and many more. Materials such as piezoelectric crystals, electro-rheological fluids, shape memory alloys (SMAs) and shape memory polymers (SMPs) constitute some of the active materials that have the innate ability to response to a load by either changing phase (e.g., liquid to solid), and recovering deformation. Active materials when combined with conventional materials (passive materials) such as polymers, stainless steel, and aluminum, can result in the development of smart structural systems (SSS). SMAs and SMPs have a unique ability to recover extensive amounts of deformation (up to 8% strain for SMAs and up to 300% strain for SMPs). This Dissertation focuses on a subclass of active materials, namely shape-memory materials; in particular the focus is on the experimental assessment of two one dimensional constitutive models for NiTiNOL, the most commonly used commercially available SMA with application to the development of a new seismic protection device for masonry historical constructions which has been conceived and constructed at the University of Ferrara and on the mechanical characterization of a brand new shape memory polyurethane named DESMOPAN, patented by Bayer Material Science. Experimental tests on NiTiNOL were conducted in the laboratories of the University of Ferrara, the shape memory alloy device has been tested in the laboratories of the University of Florence and experimental tests on DESMOPAN were conducted in the laboratories of the RWTH Aachen University. The interest on these materials is driven by their potential applications in the developing of new anti-seismic dissipation devices for masonry historical buildings

Thermodynamic Analysis of Entropy Generation Minimization in Thermally Dissipating Flow Over a Thin Needle Moving in a Parallel Free Stream of Two Newtonian Fluids

This article is devoted to study sustainability of entropy generation in an incompressible thermal flow of Newtonian fluids over a thin needle that is moving in a parallel stream. Two types of Newtonian fluids (water and air) are considered in this work. The energy dissipation term is included in the energy equation. Here, it is presumed that u∞ (the free stream velocity) is in the positive axial direction (x-axis) and the motion of the thin needle is in the opposite or similar direction as the free stream velocity. The reduced self-similar governing equations are solved numerically with the aid of the shooting technique with the fourth-order-Runge-Kutta method. Using similarity transformations, it is possible to obtain the expression for dimensionless form of the volumetric entropy generation rate and the Bejan number. The effects of Prandtl number, Eckert number and dimensionless temperature parameter are discussed graphically in details for water and air taken as Newtonian fluids

Cumulative index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1970-1975

Tech briefs of technology derived from the research and development activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are presented. Abstracts and indexes of subject, personal author, originating center, and tech brief number for the 1970-1975 tech briefs are presented

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 279)

This bibliography lists 759 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in May 1992. Subject coverage includes: design, construction, and testing of aircraft and aircraft engines; aircraft components, equipment, and systems; ground support systems; and theoretical and applied aspects of aerodynamics and general fluid dynamics

Self-assembly of helical ribbons from chiral amphiphiles

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-220).The study of the self-assembly of helical structures has been motivated by their newly found biological and technological importance. In many systems, helical ribbons are precursors to the formation of tubules, which may be used in the controlled release of drugs or as templates for micron scale electronic components. Used as springs, helical ribbons open up an entirely new avenue for the measurement of forces on the biological scale. Given the importance of these structures, a series of experiments to probe the kinetics and energetics of helix formation has been performed. Theoretical interpretation and experimental measurements of helix elastic properties have also been performed. It was shown that the formation of helical ribbons of pitch angles of 11 and 54ʻ, previously thought to be a property unique to model bile systems, is a general phenomenon of quaternary sterol systems composed of a bile salt or nonionic detergent, a phosphatidylcholine or a (mixture of) fatty acid(s), and a steroid analog of cholesterol in water. The majority of helical ribbons were right-handed; but some left-handed helices have been found. Additionally, a small number of helices with pitch angles between 30 and 47ʻ were found in some systems. The elastic properties of the low pitch helical ribbons in Chemically Defined Lipid Concentrate were studied via relaxation experiments and measurements of force versus extension curves using silicon cantilevers as force probe. The helices exhibited linear behavior over a large range of extensions (up to 200% of helix original axial length). The forces involved in the deformation of low pitch helices have been found to be in the 0.25-1.0 nN range making them ideal for use as biological force probes.(cont.) Additionally, a novel tension-induced reversible straightening transition of the helical ribbons has been observed: when a helix is extended beyond a critical value, part of it unwinds leaving separate straight and helical sections in equilibrium with each other. Probing these fascinating elastic properties is currently the best hope for more fully illuminating the microscopic nature of helical ribbons and the driving force behind their formation.Yevgeniya Vladimirovna Zastavker.Ph.D