Convergence of Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems

This book is a collection of published articles from the Sensors Special Issue on "Convergence of Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems". It includes extended versions of the conference contributions from the 10th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS’2019), Metz, France, as well as external contributions

Синтез самопроверяемых комбинационных устройств на основе кодов с эффективным обнаружением симметричных ошибок

The methods of fault-tolerant coding are often used in the designing of reliable and safety components of automatic control systems: both in the data transmission between system nodes, and at the level of hardware and software architecture. The redundant coding is widely used in the management of combinational logic devices control. In this case, codes, which are oriented to the error detection rather than correction of this, are in use. Such features of codes make it possible to implement the checkable automation systems with acceptable redundancy, which does not exceed the redundancy in the situation of duplication using. The paper highlights the method of the synthesis of self-checking combinational devices, which makes it possible to take into account the features of the source devices architecture, as well as the properties of error detection by redundant codes in solving the problem of the synthesis of technical means for diagnosis. The paper gives the basic information on the theory of the checkable digital systems synthesis on the basis of redundant codes with summation. The basic stages of the analysis of the diagnosis objects topologies are determined with the selection of groups of outputs — groups of structurally and functionally symmetrically independent devices outputs. The formulas are given to determine the presence or the absence of a symmetrical dependence of the diagnosis object outputs. The example illustrating the calculation process is given. The main stages of the analysis of the redundant codes application in the error detection on the functionally symmetric dependent outputs are formulated. The algorithm of the synthesis of the self-checking combinational devices with taking into account the object of diagnosis structure features and the redundant codes properties is proposed.При создании надежных и безопасных компонентов систем автоматического управления часто используются методы помехоустойчивого кодирования — как при передаче данных между узлами системы, так и на уровне архитектуры аппаратных и программных средств. Широко применяется избыточное кодирование при организации контроля комбинационных логических устройств. При этом используются коды, ориентированные именно на обнаружение, а не исправление ошибок. Такие особенности кодов позволяют реализовывать контролепригодные системы автоматики с приемлемой избыточностью, не превышающей избыточности при использовании дублирования. В статье освещается метод синтеза самопроверяемых комбинационных устройств, позволяющий учитывать при решении задачи синтеза технических средств диагностирования особенности архитектуры исходных устройств, а также свойства обнаружения ошибок избыточными кодами. Даются базовые сведения из теории синтеза контролепригодных дискретных систем на основе избыточных кодов с суммированием. Определены ключевые этапы анализа топологий объектов диагностирования с выделением специальных групп выходов — групп структурно и функционально симметрично независимых выходов устройств. Приводятся формулы, позволяющие установить наличие или отсутствие симметричной зависимости выходов объекта диагностирования. Дается пример, иллюстрирующий процесс вычислений. Сформулированы основные этапы анализа применения избыточных кодов при выявлении ошибок на функционально симметрично зависимых выходах. Дан алгоритм синтеза самопроверяемых логических устройств с учетом особенностей структуры объекта диагностирования и свойств избыточных кодов

Requirements modelling of real-time systems

Real-time systems are characterised by the critical nature of their missions, and the demanding environment with which they interact. Real-time systems are used for dedicated applications. Every application is the subject of special requirements enforced by the customer. Considering the vital role that these systems play, it is imperative that a systematic approach be adopted in modelling their unique requirements. In this thesis I propose such a treatment. Real-time systems are time critical. Temporal requirements are the timing restrictions imposed by the application environment. Previous studies in requirements modelling of real-time systems have focused on adding the notion of time to modelling techniques of traditional systems without regard to the realities of requirements modelling. The information should be presented in the way the user handles it, and not the way which is convenient to the software engineer. I attempt to understand the needs of the users better by modelling the real world as close to the user's perspective as possible, and propose the Real World Model (RWM). RWM is assumed to be developed by users, and requirements engineers. An engineering approach to building the model is provided. A real-time system has a well defined use to its community. A requirements model must rely on the user level activities, and aid the human understanding and communication. In the RWM, a real-time system is viewed as a set of concurrently acting automata, each representing a system entity. This model supports temporal reasoning in easily described ways, for all classes of timing properties. A generalised classification of timing constraints is provided. A requirements modelling language facilitates the description of requirements, and serves as a medium of communication among developers and stakeholders. Jarke et al [Jarke 94] observe that there is a need for a requirements language that manages the relationship between the meta-level domain scheme, and the scenarios that actually instantiate the scheme under development. Here I propose Timed Requirements Language (TRL) to bridge this gulf between the world of stakeholders, and the world of specifiers. TRL has natural looking expressions for formulating the needs. TRL has a number of novel features including the treatment of causality, and the description of static, and dynamic constraints all integrated into one uniform framework. TRL has been used with a number of systems. The generality of the language is validated through its application to specific systems

Analysis of safety critical plc code against IEC 1508 development techniques

The aim of this thesis is to assess the applicability of recommended software development techniques defined in IEC 1508 [8] to PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) code developed for offshore oil platforms. The draft standard TEC 1508 contains specific recommendations which have the objective of improving the safety characteristics of safety critical code The recommended techniques could have one of the following characteristics with regard to offshore PLC code: • They are already used in the development of code. • They could be used in the development of the code. • They could not be used due to the application domain. • They could not be used due to the specific programming environment analysed. It was the aim of the thesis to characterise a subset of the IEC 1508 techniques into the above categories. The analysis was requested by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Offshore Division. The analysis has been performed using two major case studies, taken from live industrial safety-critical systems operating on a North Sea Oil Platform; they both comprise 300K lines of code in total. Both systems were written in three high level PLC languages. It was decided to translate the code into one language, so the analysis was undertaken in terms of a single language. A translator has been written, and a number of static analysis tools, therefore allowing all the code to be analysed. The key twenty two recommendations from IEC 1508 have been selected, and the case study systems correspondingly analysed, using a modified Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach as a unified framework. The overall analysis method has been found to be successful in supporting the detailed analysis of IEC 1508 recommendations. The thesis presents detailed conclusions on each analysed technique, as well as more general observations on the PLC code

Organizational resilience through quality management: a study on the impact of the implementation of quality management principles on resourcefulness

As Darwin noted, “it's not the strongest species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the most responsive to change”. Organizations have long been investing heavily to ascertain a better future, in particular, they have embraced quality management systems in pursuit of their goals. However, change and adverse conditions necessitate not only quality and high performance, but also resilience. This research aims to investigate the relationship between quality management and organizational resilience. It examines the impact ISO 9001 implementation has on resourcefulness (the main component of resilience) in public organizations. It also examines how organizational structure affects the relationship between ISO 9001 implementation and resourcefulness. Using semi-structured interviews, the research seeks to address the gap in the literature regarding the potential impact quality management initiatives have on resourcefulness. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by integrating and expanding the literature on resourcefulness. It will also provide empirical evidence on the proposed relationships. For more robustness, an insider-outsider approach is used for knowledgeable reflection on the findings by a senior and experienced member of the studied organization. The findings show that ISO does positively impact resilience within the context of the research. However, the impact attenuates under routine-based environments, while it flourishes under process-orientation. The findings demonstrate that the organizational structure plays the most important role when it comes to organizational resilience, indirectly by facilitating the implementation of the quality management system and directly by enhancing resourcefulness; thus, resilience

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a modern type of short-term psychotherapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral theories. The CBT approach is effective in the treatment of a wide range of mental issues and conditions, such as generalized anxiety disorders, general or post-traumatic stress, panic attacks, depression, eating and sleep dysfunctions, obsessive–compulsive disorders, and substance dependence. CBT is also effective as an intervention for psychotic, personality, and bipolar disorders or to approach fatigue and chronic pain conditions especially if associated with distress. This book explains both theoretical and practical aspects of CBT, along with case examples, and contains useful tools and specific interventions for different psychological situations

Data Service Outsourcing and Privacy Protection in Mobile Internet

Mobile Internet data have the characteristics of large scale, variety of patterns, and complex association. On the one hand, it needs efficient data processing model to provide support for data services, and on the other hand, it needs certain computing resources to provide data security services. Due to the limited resources of mobile terminals, it is impossible to complete large-scale data computation and storage. However, outsourcing to third parties may cause some risks in user privacy protection. This monography focuses on key technologies of data service outsourcing and privacy protection, including the existing methods of data analysis and processing, the fine-grained data access control through effective user privacy protection mechanism, and the data sharing in the mobile Internet