Facebook Official Pages as Sites of Market Development: A Comparative Netnographic Study of Canva and Visme

Purpose: The study examines the online brand image development and user engagement strategies adopted by Canva and Visme. Both of these companies provide graphics-based online design tools that can create impressive visual assets without needing graphic design experience.  The study also investigates how these brands communicate with their subscribers, and their notable strengths and weaknesses.   Theoretical Framework: The research The study utilises Netnography or virtual ethnography, a term given by Kozinets in 2015. It simply means the study of social interaction i.e. digital communication. Interactions between groups provide a ready data set for companies to analyse in order to establish a sound marketing strategy.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected through observation and extraction of archival data from 2017 to 2022.   Findings: The findings indicated that Canva has mastered the social media marketing campaign as its market reach has exceeded Visme. Both of these companies started around the same time, but Canva has managed to stay ahead of its main competitor in terms of user engagement and number of subscribers.   Research, practical and social implications: The study offers a strong pedestal in the choice of marketing strategies to be adopted on social media. Understanding the target audience, its choices and cultural habits are pivotal to having a successful campaign.   Originality/Value: This type of comparative research has yet to be done before where a netnographic study has been conducted on the Facebook pages of two companies offering the same services in the field of design

An Investigation on the Perspectives of Teachers Using Facebook: A Case of Malaysian Academics

Education fields have rapidly transformed since the year 2020 from the traditional method to adapting more Web-based tools. Facebook has been regarded as one of the most popular social platforms teachers and learners use in education. It is perceived by teachers and learners as a tool that improves the teaching and learning processes significantly through its several features. This study aims to explore the Malaysian teachers’ views on Facebook in their teaching. Eighty teachers from different levels of Malaysia’s institutions participated in this study. This study adopted the quantitative method to gather teachers’ views on the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook and their reflections on Facebook usage in teaching and learning. Findings showed that teachers had a positive perception of the use of Facebook. This study also found no significant difference between male and female teachers in their perception of Facebook use. This study suggests that teachers optimise this tool in their teaching based on the advantages of using Facebook

Understanding the moderating role of chronotypes for online mobile gaming in-app purchase intention

In the highly dynamic and fast growing online mobile gaming industry, revenue streams are the most important for the game developers. One of the significant ways to generate revenues is to boost the in-app purchases by gamers. Using Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, the present study modelled addiction, loyalty and in-app purchases with chronotypes (a biological disposition) as a moderator. The study posited that loyalty is one of the significant mediators to convert addiction into in-app purchases. For the present study, 345 university students completed a survey, and the data were analyzed via SmartPLS using multigroup analysis. The moderation of chronotypes (a biological disposition) and mediation of loyalty for in-app purchase intention were tested and supported by the results. The study suggested that evening type individuals had a higher tendency to be loyal towards online mobile gaming compared to morning type individuals. Moreover, evening type individuals had higher inclination toward in-app purchase intention compared to morning type individuals. Loyalty functioned as a mediator between addiction and in-app purchase intention. The present study is one of the first to investigate the role of chronotypes as moderator and loyalty as a mediator for online mobile gaming in-app purchase intention utilizing the SOR framework. From a practitioners’ perspective, the present study highlighted a loyal segment of gamers who is more inclined to make in-app purchases. In addition, it highlights a dilemma for gaming operators to balance revenue generation with the well-being of its clientele

Progress in relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism

In the era of digitalization, the Internet has changed people's lifestyle and circadian rhythm, and has also brought the global problem of technology addiction. Many studies have shown that chronotype is significantly related to specific technology addiction (such as Internet, smartphones, video games and social media), which makes chronotype become a new perspective to explore the occurrence, development and maintenance of technology addiction. Individuals can be classified into three chronotypes: morning type (M-type), neither type (N-type) and evening type (E-type). Most studies showed that E-type was the risk factor in the onset and maintenance of problematic technology use. At present, most of the prior research focused on the relationship between chronotype and technology addiction, and there were few studies on the mechanism. Based on this situation, this paper discusses physiological factors (such as reward system), psychological factors (such as depression), individual factors (such as gender, age, personality traits and sleep patterns) and environmental factors (such as parental style), analyzes the relationship with Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model and life history theory from the perspectives of etiology and evolution, and reviews the relationship between chronotype and technology addiction and its mechanism

Morningness-eveningness and problematic online activities

Online activities and problematic online behaviors have recently emerged as important research topics. However, only a few studies have explored the possible associations between these behaviors and morningness-eveningness. The authors examined whether eveningness predicts these distinct problematic online behaviors differently and directly or via mediators. The associations between eveningness and three different problematic online behaviors (problematic Internet use, problematic online gaming, and problematic social media use) were explored among a large sample of Hungarian young adults (N = 1729, 57.2% female, Mage = 22.01, SDage = 1.97) by using a self-report survey. Depression and the time spent engaging in online activities were assessed as possible mediators. The effects of age and sex were controlled for. Using structural equation modeling, the results supported the association between eveningness and the higher risk for all three problematic online behaviors and highlighted that these associations were mediated by depressive mood and time spent on the activities. In addition, eveningness also predicted PIU directly. Eveningness is a risk factor for problematic online behaviors not only because of the higher amount of time spent on the activities but also because of the worse mood associated with eveningness. The results highlight that it is important to examine the different types of online activity separately and explore the role of diverse risk factors, among them morningness-eveningness

The use of social networking sites, body image dissatisfaction and Body Dysmorphic Disorder: a systematic review of psychological research

The escalation of social networking site (SNS) usage has led to much research examining both the positive and negative implications SNS can have on well-being. However, whilst many studies have investigated the relationship between SNS usage and body image, there remains a paucity of research in regards to SNS usage and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). A systematic search was undertaken using Web of Science, PsychInfo and PubMed databases to identify SNS usage and patterns, SNS features and mediating factors contributing towards body image dissatisfaction, resulting in 40 studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. Findings identified passive SNS use and appearance-focused SNS use as particularly influential. Appearance-based comparisons were also found to be a strong mediator between SNS use and body image dissatisfaction. Using the current knowledge, parallels were highlighted in terms of body image dissatisfaction and BDD symptomatology, suggesting frequent SNS usage as a potential risk factor in the development of BDD symptoms

The role of chronotype on Facebook usage aims and attitudes towards Facebook and its features

The current study examined the effect of chronotype on a sample of Turkish university students' Face book usage aims and their attitudes towards Faceboolc and its features. For this cross-sectional study, 569 [379 (66.6%) female and 190 (33.4%) male] Turkish university students participated voluntarily and they were grouped as either morning (73), neither (435) or evening type (61) using Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) scores based on the 10th and 90th percentiles. The main result of the study showed that evening types scored higher on Facebook usage aim and their attitudes towards Facebook and use of Facebook features when compared with morning types. Of the Facebook features, only status, groups, messages and notes were not statistically significant differences between evening types and morning types. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

"My presence is there to be seen for people who judge". Instagram on well-being, body image and body dysmorphic disorder

As social networking site (SNS) use has become increasingly integrated within our daily lives, there is growing concern around the potential impacts SNS use may have on our well-being and body image. However, the interplay between SNS and well-being is complex, and much research continues to rely on self-report measures to capture experiences with SNS. Moreover, previous associations between SNS and body image dissatisfaction point to SNS as playing a role within Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Therefore, the present project aimed i) to investigate the role of SNS usage patterns on psychological well-being outcomes and ii) to identify and understand the features of SNS use that may influence well-being outcomes from the perspectives of Instagram users, individuals experiencing BDD and clinicians working in the field of BDD, taking a focus on the SNS platform Instagram. A multistage mixed methods approach was employed, implementing psychometric assessment, focus groups and interviews, in addition to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with objective monitoring. The results of the empirical studies found: i) SNS as combining aspects of both offline and online peer and media influences, whereby appearance is endorsed through interactive features and influential figures on Instagram, ii) appearance anxiety as significant mediator for Instagram use and well-being outcomes, iii) Instagram usage time, number of notifications and number of Instagram launches are not associated with well-being outcomes, iv) Instagram is a platform wherein BDD behaviours are reinforced, but also a place for finding support and connections, and v) Instagram use may contribute towards maintaining BDD symptoms, but may also be a useful tool in therapeutic treatment. Overall, findings of the present project address the features of Instagram that can contribute towards well-being, body image and SNS behavioural patterns, whilst also contributing to knowledge and understanding around SNS use in BDD