The national state, modernization and globalizations: The Case of South Korea's Transformation in the 1960s to early 1980s

У статті автор досліджує зліт Південної Кореї (або Республіки Корея), особливу увагу приділяючи періоду 1961-1987гг., Коли відбулася трансформація Південної Кореї – від бідного, залежного від США номінального держави, розхитаного руйнівною війною 1950-1953 рр., у заможну, успішну, сучасну азіатську економіку, що швидко розвивається.The paper examines the rise of South Korea (or the Republic of Korea) with a particular focus on the period of 1961 to 1987 when South Korea transformed itself from an impoverished, US aid reliant, nominal state, still reeling from the destruction of the Korean War of 1950-3, to the rich, gleaming, thrusting, Asian economic behemoth of more recent times. The story told therein is not necessarily one of an effortless passage to greatness and a highly respectable GDP per capita, there were undoubtedly challenges along the way but there is a narrative that South Korea, due in part to its successful industrial conglomerates – the Chaebols, both ruthlessly competitive and highly innovative, combined with solid property rights and inherent entrepreneurship, was set (destined perhaps?) to achieve this deserved status. There is some merit in the above but it was far from the whole story. Whilst commentators, such as, for example, Evans, have noted the essential role of the Chaebols in the development of South Korea, with the State serving as a key instrument in underpinning the modernization project, this paper seeks to go beyond the surface appearance and examine other key important events and factors that also lay behind South Korea's successful transformation. There is the key role of the South Korean army which, in addition to its military role, also constituted a source of political and economic power, particularly in the era of Chung Park Hee. In addition, there is also the economic role of the rapprochement with Korea's former colonial power, Japan and South Korea's reassumption of its periphery role in Japan's economy, which had been seemingly terminated in 1945 following the latter's defeat by the newly emerging superpower, the USA. South Korea's own development would also closely parallel that of the rise of the American Empire, particularly through its substantial involvement as a key US ally in the Vietnam War – indeed a number of the Chaebols would rise to prominence through their business and commercial involvement in this war. The winding down of the Vietnam War in the late 1960s and early 1970s might well have had a negative impact on Korea's modernization trajectory but for the increasing trend of the globalization of capitalism, particularly in respect of the inflows of international capital and South Korea'a growing importance to Japan as an integral element of its own economic expansion. The 1973 Oil Crisis led to an opportunity for South Korea as it became a major beneficiary of recycled petrodollars in an arrangement that closely mirrors the triangular trade of the eighteenth century by which the then emerging power, England, benefitted, as noted by Beaud, Gunder Frank, Williams and Wolf. Thus South Korea's own primitive accumulation of capital throughout the period was an essential ingredient in it realising its modernizing strategy, or ideology. Finally, the paper will take a brief look at whether “inclusive institutions” were as important to South Korea's modernization as has been suggested or whether other factors were equally, if not more important, in achieving its transformation.В статье автор исследует взлет Южной Кореи (или Республики Корея), особое внимание уделяя периоду 1961-1987гг., когда произошла трансформация Южной Кореи – от бедного, зависимого от США номинального государства, расшатанного разрушительной войной 1950-1953 гг., в богатую, успешную, быстро развивающуюся современную азиатскую экономику

The Korean consumer electronics industry : reaction to antidumping actions

Antidumping actions by importing countries do not protect their consumers. What protects domestic consumers is competition. It is Korean consumers who are paying for the development of the Korean electronics industry, not consumers in the countries that import Korean goods. A key element of Korea's industrial development strategy has been to maintain stringent import restrictions while promoting the development of a few large domestic firms. The author strongly stresses the need to implement progressive import liberalization policies that will allow foreign competition in the Korean market. Import policy regimes in exporting countries have played a critical role in creating an environment that makes it possible for profit-maximizing firms to follow a price-discriminating marketing strategy. Progressive liberalization will eliminate the incentive for following such a marketing strategy as monopoly profits are slowly eroded.Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets

Public enterprises in Korea: With special reference to their roles in economic development.

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External Debt and Macroeconomic Performance in South Korea

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Pre-feasibility Study for Establishing National Vocational Education and Training Network in Latin America

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Thinking about engaging North Korea: A study on the framing of the U.S. human rights public discourse in the Washington Post and New York Times between 2001 and 2017

North Korea said in January 2019 that it was exploring ways to engage the human rights issue. This was a much welcomed announcement because the issue must be addressed in order for the two countries to reach a formal, comprehensive peace agreement and the lifting or easing of unilateral sanctions. This study utilizes framing as an analytical tool to examine how the North Korean human rights discourse is framed in the United States for the purpose of identifying the salient rights‐based issues covered in two traditional media outlets, namely, the Washington Post and New York Times. Next, it reframes the discourse using a coding schema based on the convergence of the human rights, human security, and non‐traditional security discourses. A reframing of the discourse highlights how the universalist–particularist debate in the traditional rights‐based literature masks the underlying issues of the rights problem. A combination of the traditional rights‐based discourse and the masking of the issues contributes to a disconnect in the way in which North Korea has been engaged in the past. Therefore, a reframing of the discourse using the convergence of the human rights, human security, and non‐traditional security discourses could open new pathways for engagement