1,031 research outputs found
On Packing Colorings of Distance Graphs
The {\em packing chromatic number} of a graph is the
least integer for which there exists a mapping from to
such that any two vertices of color are at distance at
least . This paper studies the packing chromatic number of infinite
distance graphs , i.e. graphs with the set of
integers as vertex set, with two distinct vertices being
adjacent if and only if . We present lower and upper bounds for
, showing that for finite , the packing
chromatic number is finite. Our main result concerns distance graphs with
for which we prove some upper bounds on their packing chromatic
numbers, the smaller ones being for :
if is odd and
if is even
Topological order from quantum loops and nets
I define models of quantum loops and nets which have ground states with
topological order. These make possible excited states comprised of deconfined
anyons with non-abelian braiding. With the appropriate inner product, these
quantum loop models are equivalent to net models whose topological weight
involves the chromatic polynomial. A useful consequence is that the models have
a quantum self-duality, making it possible to find a simple Hamiltonian
preserving the topological order. For the square lattice, this Hamiltonian has
only four-spin interactions
Critical points in coupled Potts models and critical phases in coupled loop models
We show how to couple two critical Q-state Potts models to yield a new
self-dual critical point. We also present strong evidence of a dense critical
phase near this critical point when the Potts models are defined in their
completely packed loop representations. In the continuum limit, the new
critical point is described by an SU(2) coset conformal field theory, while in
this limit of the the critical phase, the two loop models decouple. Using a
combination of exact results and numerics, we also obtain the phase diagram in
the presence of vacancies. We generalize these results to coupling two Potts
models at different Q.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
The packing of two species of polygons on the square lattice
We decorate the square lattice with two species of polygons under the
constraint that every lattice edge is covered by only one polygon and every
vertex is visited by both types of polygons. We end up with a 24 vertex model
which is known in the literature as the fully packed double loop model. In the
particular case in which the fugacities of the polygons are the same, the model
admits an exact solution. The solution is obtained using coordinate Bethe
ansatz and provides a closed expression for the free energy. In particular we
find the free energy of the four colorings model and the double Hamiltonian
walk and recover the known entropy of the Ice model. When both fugacities are
set equal to two the model undergoes an infinite order phase transition.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
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Combinatorics
This is the report on the Oberwolfach workshop on Combinatorics, held 1–7 January 2006. Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics studying families of mainly, but not exclusively, finite or countable structures – discrete objects. The discrete objects considered in the workshop were graphs, set systems, discrete geometries, and matrices. The programme consisted of 15 invited lectures, 18 contributed talks, and a problem session focusing on recent developments in graph theory, coding theory, discrete geometry, extremal combinatorics, Ramsey theory, theoretical computer science, and probabilistic combinatorics
Dichotomies properties on computational complexity of S-packing coloring problems
This work establishes the complexity class of several instances of the
S-packing coloring problem: for a graph G, a positive integer k and a non
decreasing list of integers S = (s\_1 , ..., s\_k ), G is S-colorable, if its
vertices can be partitioned into sets S\_i , i = 1,... , k, where each S\_i
being a s\_i -packing (a set of vertices at pairwise distance greater than
s\_i). For a list of three integers, a dichotomy between NP-complete problems
and polynomial time solvable problems is determined for subcubic graphs.
Moreover, for an unfixed size of list, the complexity of the S-packing coloring
problem is determined for several instances of the problem. These properties
are used in order to prove a dichotomy between NP-complete problems and
polynomial time solvable problems for lists of at most four integers
Sphere Packings in Euclidean Space with Forbidden Distances
In this paper, we study the sphere packing problem in Euclidean space, where
we impose additional constraints on the separations of the center points. We
prove that any sphere packing in dimension , with spheres of radii ,
such that \emph{no} two centers and satisfy , has density less or equal than . Equality occurs if and only if the packing is given by a
-dimensional even unimodular extremal lattice. This shows that any of the
lattices and are optimal for this
constrained packing problem. We also give results for packings up to dimension
, where we impose constraints on the distance between centers and
on the minimal norm of the spectrum, and show that even unimodular extremal
lattices are again uniquely optimal. Moreover, in the -dimensional case, we
give a condition on the set of constraints that allow the existence of an
optimal periodic packing, and we develop an algorithm to find them by relating
the problem to a question about linear domino tilings.Comment: 39 page
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