Mitigation of corrosion attack on carbon steel coated cermet alloy in different anion contents

This research study evaluated the corrosion mechanism attack on carbon steel coated with cermet alloys (WC9% Ni) in seawater at different sulphate-to-chloride ratios. The four different sulphate-to-chloride ratios were synthesised with the same seawater salinity of 3.5 % and same pH of real seawater. The corrosion tests involved immersion and electrochemical tests. The immersion test is used to determine the cermet coating ability to withstand the corrosion attack based on different ratios of anions present in the seawater at different periods of immersion. The corrosion attack was characterized by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The aggressive anions present in the seawater influenced the corrosion attack on the cermet coating. For immersion test, results revealed that increasing sulphate more than chloride, increased the weight loss of cermets. The electrochemistry analysis showed that the passive layer forms on cermet coating prevented the material from further corrosion attack. However, due to its porosity, the passive layer collapsed and exposed the material for other corrosion reaction. For electrochemical test, the result shows that the solution with sulphate-to-chloride ratio of 0.14 (real seawater) has the highest corrosion current and Open Circuit Potential (OCP) compared to other solutions (different sulphate-to-chloride ratio). In conclusion, sulfate and chloride show their competition to attack the cermet coating on carbon steel and the higher the amount of chloride present in seawater, the higher the corrosion rate and pits formed on the cermet coating

A ghost tour in Rouge = 遊魂《胭脂扣》

This paper discusses how Fleur\u27s association to some of the worldwide ghost tours insinuates the haunting quality of the past, time, and the cityscape; in other words, it discusses how the tragic love story between Fleur and Twelfth Master can also be allegorically read as a tragic cultural story of Hong Kong. This discussion allegorically reads Fleur, Twelfth Master and Yuen as figures hauled by modernity

Study on Recreation Function of Urban Recreational Business Districts -A Case Study in Guangzhou, China

As an important comprehensive functional district, RBD was attracting increasing number of attentions from academe and other fields since the conception was come up. The study tries to briefly introduce the evolution of RBD. The study aims at the problems that happened to the RBD in Guangzhou, China. Beijing Road RBD is located in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City. It has rich historical and cultural resources and long-standing tradition of business. However, from the perspective of recreational function, Beijing Road RBD lacks of recreational atmosphere. The article describes the analysis of the problems and shortcomings that exist in the current situation of Beijing Road RBD, including the recreation support facilities, historical and cultural tourism product development as well as historical and cultural sense of place. The paper explores the update of recreational function from the aspect of improving the supporting facilities of recreation, historical and cultural tourism product development as well as the traditional cultural heritage, and it takes the sustainable development, the overall development of the RBD and historical and cultural heritage as a starting point to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits harmonization. The formation and development of RBD has brought a new trend in the urban development: a new urban area with multiple functions can draw people to it, making it more competitive than an area with just one function. Keywords: Recreational Business District (RBD), Recreational Functions, Historical Cultur

An Investigating of Borders Shopping Development, Activities and Facilities from the Tourism Supply Chain Perspectives

Padang Besar has been well known with its shopping activities since the establishment of several shopping venues at the town. However, the development and shopping facilities offered to the visitors seem insufficient. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the border shopping scenario at Padang Besar, in terms of its development, activities and facilities. Grounded theory qualitative data analysis strategy was employed as an attempt to understand the border shopping scenario from the tourism supply chains perspective. The data was gathered through an initial interview followed by a final interview, and observation. Open coding, selective coding and theoretical coding were identified and categorized based on the data collected, the destination supply factors, and the retails factors at Padang Besar. Each coding was analyzed using constant comparative method to present the final conceptual mapping of shopping scenario at Padang Besar. The relationship between border shopping development, border shopping activities and border shopping facilities were also introduced in this study as a new theory of study in border shopping. The result of the study reveal that Padang Besar Business Arcade Complex (PBAC) is the anchor for shopping activities and represent what is perceived to be the main attraction at Padang Besar. Cheap imitation goods offered are the main reasons visitors shop at PBAC. The study concludes that shopping activities and trading activities at PBAC are the main reasons behind the infrastructure development at Padang Besar. The findings also indicate the tourism supply chains in Padang Besar have failed to cooperate with each other and thus had resulted in improper planning and development of the town. The town of Padang Besar does have a potential to be developed into a border shopping tourism destination since the town itself is associated mainly with border shopping activities. Nevertheless, it requires a concrete support from the govenment, private investors and the tourism destination supply chain in supporting the border shopping venues at Padang Besar with adequate and proper development of shopping infrastructure, facilities and amenities to the visitors

The role of retailtainment on generation Z behavioral intentions in shopping centers

Shopping is a major tourist activity, destination attraction feature and motive for travel. The number one choice for shopping is shopping centers, which play a crucial role in attracting tourists, residents and economic investors and represent a key component of tourism marketing in promoting a destination. One of the main attractiveness attributes in shopping centers is entertainment. Although some effort has been made to understand the impact of entertainment in shopping malls, there is a gap in what concerns the impact of different entertainment types on the diverse behavioral outcomes. This dissertation is among the first studies to examine the effects of each entertainment type on behavioral intentions, targeting a specific segment: Generation Z. Generation Z is yet a misunderstood generation, underestimated and will soon become the financiers of tourism and travel. That said, this dissertation aims to investigate the relation between the proposed entertainment types and Generation Z behavioral intentions in shopping centers. A survey-based study with a sample size of 150 Generation Z members is used to test the proposed model. The results revealed that permanent and temporary entertainment are positively related to Generation Z intention to visit the mall. Moreover, findings indicate that permanent entertainment is also positively related to Generation Z intention to recommend the mall. This study’s findings have significant theoretical and managerial implications and represent future insights for researchers, academics and managers.Fazer compras é uma importante atividade turística, uma característica de atração de destino e um motivo de viagem. A primeira escolha para fazer compras são os centros comerciais, que desempenham um papel crucial na atração de turistas, residentes e investidores e representam uma componente chave do marketing turístico na promoção de destino. Um dos principais atributos de atratividade nos centros comerciais é o entretenimento. Apesar de existir um esforço em perceber o impacto do entretenimento nos centros comerciais, há uma lacuna no que respeita o impacto dos diferentes tipos de entretenimento nos vários resultados comportamentais. Este estudo está entre os primeiros a examinar os efeitos de cada tipo de entretenimento nas intenções comportamentais, direcionado a um segmento específico: a Geração Z. A Geração Z é ainda uma geração incompreendida, subestimada e brevemente tornar-se-á a financiadora do turismo. Dito isto, o objetivo desta dissertação é investigar a relação entre os tipos de entretenimento propostos e as intenções comportamentais da Geração Z nos centros comerciais. Um questionário com uma amostra de 150 membros da Geração Z foi desenvolvido para testar as hipóteses propostas. Os resultados revelaram que o entretenimento permanente e temporário estão positivamente relacionados com a intenção da Geração Z de visitar o centro comercial. Adicionalmente, os resultados indicam que o entretenimento permanente também está positivamente relacionado com a intenção da Geração Z de recomendar o centro comercial. Os resultados deste estudo têm implicações teóricas e de gestão significativas e representam indicações futuras para investigadores, estudantes e gestores