IoT-Based Fire Safety System Using MQTT Communication Protocol

Fire can be made useful for various purposes. However, uncontrollable fire may result in property damage and human death. The major factor of fire deaths is due to excessive smoke inhalation. Therefore, early detection of fire is crucial in fire detection systems. The conventional fire detection system does not come with a false alarm prevention system. Besides, the system is unable to tell the exact location of the fire. In this project, an Internet of Things (IoT) based fire safety system is developed to overcome these problems. The proposed system consists of three major parts which are the detector, processing unit and surveillance. The detector unit is an integration of ESP32, carbon monoxide sensor, ionization smoke detector, buzzer, temperature and humidity sensor. As the processing unit, Raspberry Pi is used to run the Node-RED application, which processes the data and performs monitoring. The communication between the detector and processing unit is based on the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. A surveillance unit is where a camera is installed to monitor the condition of the surrounding. The response of the system is based upon the sensor’s values or the user’s response.  Once the fire breakout is confirmed, the system will immediately sound the alarm, and Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates and floor plan of the accommodation will send to the nearby fire station. The floor plan is developed to track the exact location of the fire. Experiments are carried out on the proposed fire safety system, and encouraging results are produced

Deteksi Asap pada Video menggunakan LBP – TOP

Deteksi asap pada video memiliki kemajuan yang pesat dengan didukung metode metode yang telah dikembangkan serta kinerja komputer yang semakin mutakhir performansinya. Video asap itu sendiri susah dikenali bahkan oleh mata kita sendiri karena asap mudah terbawa oleh angin.hingga saat ini pendeteksian asap menggunakan sensor alat lebih banyak diaplikasikan, namun deteksi asap menggunakan sensor lebih lama dalam mendeteksi asap dibandingkan deteksi asap pada video di ruangan terbuka. LBP – TOP adalah metode ekstraksti tekstur.mengekstraksi tekstur berbasis 3 Dimensi yang diambil dari objek bergerak hasil dari Three-Frame Differencing. objek bergerak akan diekstraksi teksturnya menggunakan LBP-TOP dan diambil 4 fitur menggunakan color moment menjadi vektor 4 dimensi yang akan diklasifikasi menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbor. Pada tugas akhir ini telah di buat sistem deteksi asap pada video menggunakan LBP-TOP Parameter yang tepat pada sistem untuk sistem deteksi asap pada video menggunakan pengujian serial adalah threshold 7 dan rentang waktu 10 pada pada Three-Frame Differencing , neighborhood 2 dan rentang waktu 20 pada LBP – TOP, nilai K 9 pada KNN dengan akurasi pada level frame sebesar 82.5%. dan level boxing 52

An Efficient Algorithm Proposed For Smoke Detection in Video Using Hybrid Feature Selection Techniques

As an emerging development in the digital technology era, video processing is useful in a wide range of applications. In the current paper, an algorithm is proposed which is useful for smoke detection in video processing. The algorithm quickly detects fire by eliminating common interruptions like noise, overlapping due to the collision, etc. The proposed algorithm is composed of several techniques such as Haar feature, Bhattacharya distance method, SIFT descriptors, Gabor wavelets approach and SVM classifier to identify the smoke by video processing. Foreground object is identified using a moving object algorithm by predicting the movement of smoke in stable images. The implementation has been carried out in MATLAB

Advancements in Forest Fire Prevention: A Comprehensive Survey

Nowadays, the challenges related to technological and environmental development are becoming increasingly complex. Among the environmentally significant issues, wildfires pose a serious threat to the global ecosystem. The damages inflicted upon forests are manifold, leading not only to the destruction of terrestrial ecosystems but also to climate changes. Consequently, reducing their impact on both people and nature requires the adoption of effective approaches for prevention, early warning, and well-coordinated interventions. This document presents an analysis of the evolution of various technologies used in the detection, monitoring, and prevention of forest fires from past years to the present. It highlights the strengths, limitations, and future developments in this field. Forest fires have emerged as a critical environmental concern due to their devastating effects on ecosystems and the potential repercussions on the climate. Understanding the evolution of technology in addressing this issue is essential to formulate more effective strategies for mitigating and preventing wildfires

EARLY FOREST FIRE DETECTION USING TEXTURE, BLOB THRESHOLD, AND MOTION ANALYSIS OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

Forest fires constantly threaten ecological systems, infrastructure and human lives. The purpose behind this study is minimizing the devastating damage caused by forest fires. Since it is impossible to completely avoid their occurrences, it is essential to accomplish a fast and appropriate intervention to minimize their destructive consequences. The most traditional method for detecting forest fires is human based surveillance through lookout towers. However, this study presents a more modern technique. It utilizes land-based real-time multispectral video processing to identify and determine the possibility of fire occurring within the camera’s field of view. The temporal, spectral, and spatial signatures of the fire are exploited. The methods discussed include: (1) Range filtering followed by entropy filtering of the infrared (IR) video data, and (2) Principal Component Analysis of visible spectrum video data followed by motion analysis and adaptive intensity threshold. The two schemes presented are tailored to detect the fire core, and the smoke plume, respectively. Cooled Midwave Infrared (IR) camera is used to capture the heat distribution within the field of view. The fire core is then isolated using texture analysis techniques: first, range filtering applied on two consecutive IR frames, and then followed by entropy filtering of their absolute difference. Since smoke represents the earliest sign of fire, this study also explores multiple techniques for detecting smoke plumes in a given scene. The spatial and temporal variance of smoke plume is captured using temporal Principal Component Analysis, PCA. The results show that a smoke plume is readily segmented via PCA applied on the visible Blue band over 2 seconds sampled every 0.2 seconds. The smoke plume exists in the 2nd principal component, and is finally identified, segmented, and isolated, using either motion analysis or adaptive intensity threshold. Experimental results, obtained in this study, show that the proposed system can detect smoke effectively at a distance of approximately 832 meters with a low false-alarm rate and short reaction time. Applied, such system would achieve early forest fire detection minimizing fire damage. Keywords: Image Processing, Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Principal Component, PC, Texture Analysis, Motion Analysis, Multispectral, Visible, Cooled Midwave Infrared, Smoke Signature, Gaussian Mixture Model

Οπτική ανίχνευση δασικών πυρκαγιών σε πραγματικό χρόνο με χρήση ψηφιακού επεξεργαστή

Σε μια χώρα όπως η Ελλάδα, στην οποία το φαινόμενο των δασικών πυρκαγιών είναι συνηθισμένο τους καλοκαιρινούς μήνες, η εξέλιξη της πληροφορικής μπορεί να συμβάλει σε μεγάλο βαθμό στην πρόληψη και στην έγκαιρη ανίχνευση πυρκαγιών. Η υλοποίηση αυτόνομων έξυπνων συστημάτων τα οποία μπορούν σε πραγματικό χρόνο να ανιχνεύουν την ύπαρξη πυρκαγιάς, θα μπορούσε να είναι ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο για την διάσωση των Ελληνικών δασών. Στα πλαίσια αυτής εργασίας, θα περιγραφεί ένα σύστημα ψηφιακής επεξεργασίας σήματος, το οποίο λαμβάνει δεδομένα από μια διαδικτυακή κάμερα, τα επεξεργάζεται και αποφασίζει αν υπάρχει ένδειξη πυρκαγιάς. Το σημαντικό πλεονέκτημα αυτού του συστήματος είναι ότι είναι αυτόνομο, δηλαδή δεν χρειάζεται τα δεδομένα να σταλθούν σε ένα κεντρικό υπολογιστικό σύστημα, το οποίο θα ήταν ιδιαίτερα χρονοβόρο, και με την χρήση μια πηγής ενέργειας, για παράδειγμα ένα ηλιακό πάνελ, θα μπορούσε να ανιχνεύει ένα χώρο και να ειδοποιεί τον διαχειριστή για την ύπαρξη φωτιάς. Τα αποτελέσματα αξιολόγησης είναι ιδιαίτερα ενθαρρυντικά. Όμως η οπτική ανάλυση ενός χαοτικού φαινομένου όπως πυρκαγιά, δεν είναι ποτέ αρκετή. Ο συνδυασμός της ανάλυσης αυτής με χρήση διαφορών αισθητήρων όπως υγρασίας θερμοκρασίας, μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε ασφαλή συμπεράσματα. Κάτι τέτοιο όμως ξεφεύγει από τα πλαίσια της παρούσας εργασίας.In a country as Greece, in which the phenomenon of forestal fires is usual especially in the summer months, the improvement of information technology can contribute to a great degree in the prevention and in the convenient detection of fires. The implementation of autonomous intelligent systems which can in real time detect the existence of fire, it could be an important tool for the rescue of Greek forests. In this project, will be described a digital signal processing system, which receives data from a network camera, processes that data and decides if exists clue of fire. The important advantage of this system is that is autonomous, and does not need sent the data in a central computing system which would be particularly time consuming, and using an energy source, for example a solar panel, could detect a space and notify the administrator for the existence of fire. The results of evaluation are particularly encouraging. However the optical analysis of chaotic phenomenon as fire is not enough. The combination of this analysis in combination of using humidity and temperature sensors, can lead to sure conclusions. But this analysis is out of this master thesis content

A Contribution to increasing the efficiency of the ship fire detection system by implementing new electronic and computer technologies

Doktorska disertacija – Prilog povećanju učinkovitosti brodskoga vatrodojavnog sustava primjenom novih elektroničkih i računalnih tehnologija – proučava pristup za poboljšanje sigurnosti broda od požara. Tradicionalni način zaštite od požara podrazumijeva tri područja: strukturnu zaštitu od požara, otkrivanje i gašenje požara. Više od polovice brodskih požara dogodi se u prostoru brodske strojarnice, zbog čega se naglasak istraživanja usmjerio upravo u to područje. Štete i gubitci nastali uslijed požara na brodovima zadnjih desetljeća ubrzali su razvoj novih tehnika, tehnologija i inovacija s ciljem povećanja sigurnosti i pouzdanosti sustava detekcije požara. Rano otkrivanje požara ima presudnu ulogu u njegovu gašenju i sprječavanju širenja. Razvoj vatrodojavne tehnologije potaknut je nizom požarnih incidenata, koji su za posljedicu imali velike materijalne gubitke, uz još veće ljudske žrtve. Dosadašnjim razvojem detektora dojave požara integracijom tehnologija dojave požara s mikroelektroničkim i informacijskim tehnologijama ostvaren je visok stupanj autonomnosti sustava, uz istodobno povećanje pouzdanosti i raspoloživost. Istovremeno, povećanjem potražnje za poboljšanom tehnologijom ranog detektiranja požara i njegovog sprječavanja, razvijaju se napredni sustavi detekcije čiji upravljački algoritmi imaju zadatak inteligentne obrade raspoznavanja stvarnog od lažnog signala dima ili plamena. Koristeći uslugu koju nudi nova tehnologija, brodaru je cilj kvalitetnija zaštita posade, brodskog inventara te smanjenje troškova koji bi mogli nastati uslijed nesreće izazvane požarom. Uz pregled najnovije tehnike i tehnologije ranog otkrivanja požara na brodovima, ova doktorska disertacija prikazuje poboljšanje karakteristika novih sustava i komponenti sustava detekcije, analizirajući njihove mogućnosti, prednosti i primjenu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se primjenom brodskog vatrodojavnog sustava temeljenog na računalnom vidu može unaprijediti dosadašnji klasični brodski vatrodojavni sustav, postizanjem veće brzine otkrivanja požarnog incidenta, a samim time i bržom intervencijom gašenja i suzbijanja njegovog daljnjeg širenja.Doctoral thesis – A contribution to increasing the efficiency of the Ship fire detection system by implementing new electronic and computer technologies – examines an approach to the increasing ship's safety in a case of fire. The traditional way of fire protection involves three areas: structural fire protection, fire detection and fire fighting. More than half of a ship's fires occur in the area of the ship's engine room, which is why the emphasis of the research is focused precisely in this area. Damage and losses incurred due to fire on ships in recent decades have accelerated the development of new techniques, technologies and innovations to increase the safety and reliability of fire detection systems. Early detection plays a crucial role in fire fighting and prevention of fire spreading. The development of fire alarm technology has been driven by a number of fire incidents which have caused huge material losses, with an even greater human toll. The current development of fire alarm detectors with the integration of technology of fire detection system with micro-electronic and information technology has created a high degree of system autonomy, while increasing reliability and availability. At the same time, the increasing demand for improved technology of early detection of fire and its prevention has developed advanced detection systems whose control algorithms have the task of intelligent processing, distinguishing real from false signals of smoke or flames. Through usage of a service offered by the new technology, the ship operator aims to gain quality crew protection, and the protection of the ship's inventory, as well as reduction of expenses that could appear due to an accident caused by a fire. With an overview of the latest techniques and technologies for early detection of fires on ships, this doctoral thesis shows the improvement of the characteristics of new systems and components of detection systems, analyzing their features, advantages and applications. The results of a research has shown that an implementation of a computer vision based fire detection can improve current classical fire detection system, by reaching greater speed of fire detection, thus faster fire containment and fire suppression

A Contribution to increasing the efficiency of the ship fire detection system by implementing new electronic and computer technologies

Doktorska disertacija – Prilog povećanju učinkovitosti brodskoga vatrodojavnog sustava primjenom novih elektroničkih i računalnih tehnologija – proučava pristup za poboljšanje sigurnosti broda od požara. Tradicionalni način zaštite od požara podrazumijeva tri područja: strukturnu zaštitu od požara, otkrivanje i gašenje požara. Više od polovice brodskih požara dogodi se u prostoru brodske strojarnice, zbog čega se naglasak istraživanja usmjerio upravo u to područje. Štete i gubitci nastali uslijed požara na brodovima zadnjih desetljeća ubrzali su razvoj novih tehnika, tehnologija i inovacija s ciljem povećanja sigurnosti i pouzdanosti sustava detekcije požara. Rano otkrivanje požara ima presudnu ulogu u njegovu gašenju i sprječavanju širenja. Razvoj vatrodojavne tehnologije potaknut je nizom požarnih incidenata, koji su za posljedicu imali velike materijalne gubitke, uz još veće ljudske žrtve. Dosadašnjim razvojem detektora dojave požara integracijom tehnologija dojave požara s mikroelektroničkim i informacijskim tehnologijama ostvaren je visok stupanj autonomnosti sustava, uz istodobno povećanje pouzdanosti i raspoloživost. Istovremeno, povećanjem potražnje za poboljšanom tehnologijom ranog detektiranja požara i njegovog sprječavanja, razvijaju se napredni sustavi detekcije čiji upravljački algoritmi imaju zadatak inteligentne obrade raspoznavanja stvarnog od lažnog signala dima ili plamena. Koristeći uslugu koju nudi nova tehnologija, brodaru je cilj kvalitetnija zaštita posade, brodskog inventara te smanjenje troškova koji bi mogli nastati uslijed nesreće izazvane požarom. Uz pregled najnovije tehnike i tehnologije ranog otkrivanja požara na brodovima, ova doktorska disertacija prikazuje poboljšanje karakteristika novih sustava i komponenti sustava detekcije, analizirajući njihove mogućnosti, prednosti i primjenu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se primjenom brodskog vatrodojavnog sustava temeljenog na računalnom vidu može unaprijediti dosadašnji klasični brodski vatrodojavni sustav, postizanjem veće brzine otkrivanja požarnog incidenta, a samim time i bržom intervencijom gašenja i suzbijanja njegovog daljnjeg širenja.Doctoral thesis – A contribution to increasing the efficiency of the Ship fire detection system by implementing new electronic and computer technologies – examines an approach to the increasing ship's safety in a case of fire. The traditional way of fire protection involves three areas: structural fire protection, fire detection and fire fighting. More than half of a ship's fires occur in the area of the ship's engine room, which is why the emphasis of the research is focused precisely in this area. Damage and losses incurred due to fire on ships in recent decades have accelerated the development of new techniques, technologies and innovations to increase the safety and reliability of fire detection systems. Early detection plays a crucial role in fire fighting and prevention of fire spreading. The development of fire alarm technology has been driven by a number of fire incidents which have caused huge material losses, with an even greater human toll. The current development of fire alarm detectors with the integration of technology of fire detection system with micro-electronic and information technology has created a high degree of system autonomy, while increasing reliability and availability. At the same time, the increasing demand for improved technology of early detection of fire and its prevention has developed advanced detection systems whose control algorithms have the task of intelligent processing, distinguishing real from false signals of smoke or flames. Through usage of a service offered by the new technology, the ship operator aims to gain quality crew protection, and the protection of the ship's inventory, as well as reduction of expenses that could appear due to an accident caused by a fire. With an overview of the latest techniques and technologies for early detection of fires on ships, this doctoral thesis shows the improvement of the characteristics of new systems and components of detection systems, analyzing their features, advantages and applications. The results of a research has shown that an implementation of a computer vision based fire detection can improve current classical fire detection system, by reaching greater speed of fire detection, thus faster fire containment and fire suppression