5,998 research outputs found
Efficient Dynamic Compressor Optimization in Natural Gas Transmission Systems
The growing reliance of electric power systems on gas-fired generation to
balance intermittent sources of renewable energy has increased the variation
and volume of flows through natural gas transmission pipelines. Adapting
pipeline operations to maintain efficiency and security under these new
conditions requires optimization methods that account for transients and that
can quickly compute solutions in reaction to generator re-dispatch. This paper
presents an efficient scheme to minimize compression costs under dynamic
conditions where deliveries to customers are described by time-dependent mass
flow. The optimization scheme relies on a compact representation of gas flow
physics, a trapezoidal discretization in time and space, and a two-stage
approach to minimize energy costs and maximize smoothness. The resulting
large-scale nonlinear programs are solved using a modern interior-point method.
The proposed optimization scheme is validated against an integration of dynamic
equations with adaptive time-stepping, as well as a recently proposed
state-of-the-art optimal control method. The comparison shows that the
solutions are feasible for the continuous problem and also practical from an
operational standpoint. The results also indicate that our scheme provides at
least an order of magnitude reduction in computation time relative to the
state-of-the-art and scales to large gas transmission networks with more than
6000 kilometers of total pipeline
Optimal Control of Transient Flow in Natural Gas Networks
We outline a new control system model for the distributed dynamics of
compressible gas flow through large-scale pipeline networks with time-varying
injections, withdrawals, and control actions of compressors and regulators. The
gas dynamics PDE equations over the pipelines, together with boundary
conditions at junctions, are reduced using lumped elements to a sparse
nonlinear ODE system expressed in vector-matrix form using graph theoretic
notation. This system, which we call the reduced network flow (RNF) model, is a
consistent discretization of the PDE equations for gas flow. The RNF forms the
dynamic constraints for optimal control problems for pipeline systems with
known time-varying withdrawals and injections and gas pressure limits
throughout the network. The objectives include economic transient compression
(ETC) and minimum load shedding (MLS), which involve minimizing compression
costs or, if that is infeasible, minimizing the unfulfilled deliveries,
respectively. These continuous functional optimization problems are
approximated using the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) pseudospectral collocation
scheme to yield a family of nonlinear programs, whose solutions approach the
optima with finer discretization. Simulation and optimization of time-varying
scenarios on an example natural gas transmission network demonstrate the gains
in security and efficiency over methods that assume steady-state behavior
Optimization models for electricity networks and renewable energy under uncertainity
This work focuses on developing optimization models and algorithms to solve problems in electricity networks and renewable energy. The steady rise of electricity demand in the world, along with the deployment of volatile renewable energy resources in greater quantities, will require many researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the field of power management to understand these challenges and use new methods, approaches and technologies to modernize the electric grid. We study reliable and efficient electricity dispatch with minimum costs in power networks and efficient and economic harvesting of ocean wave energy by optimizing wave farm configuration
Attributes of Big Data Analytics for Data-Driven Decision Making in Cyber-Physical Power Systems
Big data analytics is a virtually new term in power system terminology. This concept delves into the way a massive volume of data is acquired, processed, analyzed to extract insight from available data. In particular, big data analytics alludes to applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning techniques, data mining techniques, time-series forecasting methods. Decision-makers in power systems have been long plagued by incapability and weakness of classical methods in dealing with large-scale real practical cases due to the existence of thousands or millions of variables, being time-consuming, the requirement of a high computation burden, divergence of results, unjustifiable errors, and poor accuracy of the model. Big data analytics is an ongoing topic, which pinpoints how to extract insights from these large data sets. The extant article has enumerated the applications of big data analytics in future power systems through several layers from grid-scale to local-scale. Big data analytics has many applications in the areas of smart grid implementation, electricity markets, execution of collaborative operation schemes, enhancement of microgrid operation autonomy, management of electric vehicle operations in smart grids, active distribution network control, district hub system management, multi-agent energy systems, electricity theft detection, stability and security assessment by PMUs, and better exploitation of renewable energy sources. The employment of big data analytics entails some prerequisites, such as the proliferation of IoT-enabled devices, easily-accessible cloud space, blockchain, etc. This paper has comprehensively conducted an extensive review of the applications of big data analytics along with the prevailing challenges and solutions
A Parallel Mesh-Adaptive Framework for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws
We report on the development of a computational framework for the parallel,
mesh-adaptive solution of systems of hyperbolic conservation laws like the
time-dependent Euler equations in compressible gas dynamics or
Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD) and similar models in plasma physics. Local mesh
refinement is realized by the recursive bisection of grid blocks along each
spatial dimension, implemented numerical schemes include standard
finite-differences as well as shock-capturing central schemes, both in
connection with Runge-Kutta type integrators. Parallel execution is achieved
through a configurable hybrid of POSIX-multi-threading and MPI-distribution
with dynamic load balancing. One- two- and three-dimensional test computations
for the Euler equations have been carried out and show good parallel scaling
behavior. The Racoon framework is currently used to study the formation of
singularities in plasmas and fluids.Comment: late submissio
Economic load dispatch of Nigeria integrated high voltage generation and transmission grid using BAT algorithm
A BAT algorithm to solve economic load dispatch problem of the Nigerian integrated power system is presented in this paper. Data from Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) national control centre, Osogbo was collected from January 2010 to December 2015 and was used to develop cost function for the twenty-one (21) thermal stations contributing power to the national grid. The cost functions were optimized in MATLAB® R2012a environment using Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Bat Algorithm (BA). The result obtained shows that using the optimization tools GA, PSO, SA and BA the cost of fuel for generation are N13,239,100.0, N13,193,163.2, N13,139,672.0 and N13,105,495.2 respectively, which shows that BA gave the best result of minimizing fuel cost.Keywords: economic, load dispatch, bat algorithm, simulated annealing, optimizatio
Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics via Direct Statistical Simulation
In this paper we introduce the concept of Direct Statistical Simulation (DSS)
for astrophysical flows. This technique may be appropriate for problems in
astrophysical fluids where the instantaneous dynamics of the flows are of
secondary importance to their statistical properties. We give examples of such
problems including mixing and transport in planets, stars and disks. The method
is described for a general set of evolution equations, before we consider the
specific case of a spectral method optimised for problems on a spherical
surface. The method is illustrated for the simplest non-trivial example of
hydrodynamics and MHD on a rotating spherical surface. We then discuss possible
extensions of the method both in terms of computational methods and the range
of astrophysical problems that are of interest.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, added clarifying remarks and references, and
corrected typos. This version is accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
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