J Am Dent Assoc

Background:The objective of this systematic review was to describe the evidence for preventive and rehabilitative interventions for musculoskeletal disorders in dental professionals.Types of Studies Reviewed:Systematic search, screening, and eligibility processes were conducted to identify experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, and survey research studies that either directly evaluated or predicted the effects of preventive or rehabilitative interventions on the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms in dental professionals.Results:A total of 3,571 unique abstracts were identified and screened, 256 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 34 articles were included in the review. Seventeen experimental studies described the results of preventive or rehabilitation interventions and seventeen survey research studies predicted or correlated preventive/protective techniques to a reduction in musculoskeletal symptoms. The primary techniques evaluated in the studies included equipment modification, ergonomic training, and physical exercise.Practical Implications:Current evidence suggests that magnification loupes and indirect-vision techniques have a positive effect on the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms. Other techniques have mixed evidence or are limited by low level study design in evaluating intervention efficacy.R01 OH010665/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United StatesR01OH010665/ACL/ACL HHS/United States2020-06-01T00:00:00Z31030935PMC67095897736vault:3552

การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบตำแหน่งของศีรษะ และต้นแขนขณะทำงานของนิสิตทันตแพทย์ที่ใช้และไม่ใช้อุปกรณ์การยศาสตร์เพื่อฝึกงานทางทันตกรรม

การปฏิบัติงานทางทันตกรรมของนิสิตทันตแพทย์พบว่า เป็นสาเหตุของอาการเจ็บปวดบริเวณคอ บ่า ไหล่ หลัง ซึ่งเกิดจากการทำงานในท่าที่ไม่อยู่ในสมดุลเป็นเวลานานๆ ถึงแม้ว่าจะมีความรู้ทางการยศาสตร์มาช่วยเพื่อให้ทำงานในท่าทางที่เหมาะสมแต่ยังคงมีอาการเจ็บปวด ปัจจุบันจึงมีการนำเทคโนโลยีเข้ามาออกแบบอุปกรณ์เพื่อพัฒนาท่าทางให้อยู่ในสมดุลวัตถุประสงค์ งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการพัฒนาอุปกรณ์การยศาสตร์เพื่อฝึกงานทางทันตกรรม (Intelligent Ergonomic Trainer: IET) จากความสามารถในการกำหนดตำแหน่งที่เหมาะสมในการทำงานของนิสิตทันตแพทย์โดยมีข้อมูลป้อนกลับขณะทำงานในท่าที่ไม่เหมาะสม โดยทำการเปรียบเทียบกับการชมภาพวีดีทัศน์การปฏิบัติงานย้อนหลังวัสดุอุปกรณ์และวิธีการ ผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัย จำนวน 32 คน แบ่งเป็น 2 กลุ่มๆ ละ 16 คน โดยใช้วิธีแบบสุ่ม ทั้งสองกลุ่มจะได้รับการฝึกท่าทางทั้งการใช้อุปกรณ์การยศาสตร์เพื่อฝึกงานทางทันตกรรมโดยมีข้อมูลป้อนกลับ และชมภาพวีดีทัศน์การปฏิบัติงานย้อนหลังในลำดับที่ต่างกันในขณะทำการอุดฟันกรามบนขวาซี่ที่หนึ่งในหุ่นจำลอง ครั้งละ 5 ซี่ ในวันแรกทำการบันทึกการเคลื่อนไหวจากการวัดมุมของศีรษะและต้นแขนของทั้ง 2 กลุ่ม เพื่อเป็นข้อมูลพื้นฐานจากนั้นทำการฝึกในวิธีที่ต่างกันในแต่ละกลุ่มในครั้งที่ 2 ครั้งที่ 3 ทำการทดสอบ และบันทึกการเคลื่อนไหวเพียงอย่างเดียวทั้งสองกลุ่ม ครั้งที่ 4 สลับวิธีการฝึกในแต่ละกลุ่ม ครั้งที่ 5 ทำการทดสอบ และบันทึกการเคลื่อนไหวเพียงอย่างเดียวทั้งสองกลุ่ม นำข้อมูลการเคลื่อนไหวของทั้ง 2 กลุ่ม ที่เป็นข้อมูลพื้นฐานเปรียบเทียบกับข้อมูลครั้งที่สามและครั้งหลังสุดโดยใช้สถิติ pair t-testผลการศึกษา กลุ่มนิสิตทันตแพทย์ที่มีการใช้อุปกรณ์การยศาสตร์โดยมีข้อมูลป้อนกลับเพื่อฝึกงานทางทันตกรรม และการชมภาพวีดีทัศน์ที่มีการบันทึกการเคลื่อนไหวย้อนหลังทั้งสองกลุ่มมีการพัฒนาท่าทางในการทำงานให้กลับมาอยู่ในช่วงการเคลื่อนไหวที่เหมาะสมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ แต่ไม่มีความแตกต่างกันระหว่างทั้งสองกลุ่มในการสลับวิธีการฝึกตามลำดับ สรุป อุปกรณ์การยศาสตร์เพื่อฝึกงานทางทันตกรรม และการชมภาพวีดีทัศน์ย้อนหลังช่วยพัฒนาท่าทางการทำงานที่เหมาะสมในนิสิตทันตแพทย์ คำสำคัญ: อุปกรณ์การยศาสตร์เพื่อฝึกงานทางทันตกรรม  การให้ข้อมูลป้อนกลับชนิดเสียง  การชมวีดีทัศน์ซ้ำ  ความผิดปกติทางระบบโครงร่างและกล้ามเนื้อWorking posture of dental students can cause work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in neck, shoulder and back areas. This was resulting from the repetitive improper posture. Although the dental ergonomics was applied to improve the posture, the pain still occurred. Therefore, in the present trend, the material design technology has been applied to the devices for improving the ergonomic posture.Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the ergonomic devices to improve posture for dental students namely, Intelligent Ergonomic Trainer (IET) and compared with watching the video playback. IET had a capability to determine the proper position in dental practice and help correcting the work position by recording and warning when the dental students were not working in the appropriate posture by comparison with viewing of video after work.Materials and Methods: The real time feedback IET program and video playback with no feedback IET program were applied to 32 dental students who randomly divided into 2 groups. Each group did 5 sessions of filling 5 upper right first molar typodont teeth per session. Both groups were applied both programs different sequence. The baseline data of angles of head and upper arm were collected on the first day from both groups for using IET program with each group were separated to complete their task (the real time feedback IET task and video playback with no feedback IET task). Then the second practice in different ways in each group in the second session. In the third time, both groups were tested and recorded only the movement assessment I data. In the fourth time, the participant in two groups were switched their task (the real time feedback IET task and video playback with no feedback IET task). Finally, the fifth time, both groups were tested and recorded the assessment II data. The data from the first, third, and fifth times were statistically analyzed using the pair t-test.Results: The results showed that both IET programs with feedback and video playback was significantly improving the posture in dental students. However, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups when alternating the training programs.Conclusion: Both IET programs with feedback and video playback can develop the proper posture for dental students.Keywords: Intelligent Ergonomic Trainer, Real Time Feedback, Video Playback, Musculoskeletal Disorder

Teste ergonômico de protótipo de uma camâra de contenção de aerossol utilizada em odontologia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate under the perception of dentistry students the work ergonomics using an aerosol containment chamber prototype and to determine possible necessary changes for its use. An aerosol containment chamber prototype was built of PVC pipes and transparent acrylic sheets. The aerosol containment chamber prototype was tested for its ergonomics in clinical practice, the dental care was simulated on a dental mannequin. In the simulation, 20 participants, who are students from the eighth to the tenth semester of the Dentistry Course at the Faculty of Dentistry of Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, carried out the construction of a Class I cavity in a lower molar and an upper molar and soon after answered a questionnaire that addressed information about the work ergonomics related to accomplish the service using the prototype. The research was done at the clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The results of this research were that the use of the dental chamber prototype encountered difficulties when preparing upper teeth and when changing instruments during the procedure. It proved to be efficient when working on teeth in the lower dental arch and on the position of the spine. It can be concluded that the prototype presented limitations when working on the upper dental arch and regarding the exchange of instruments, but it presented good ergonomics when working on lower teeth and a good position of the spine. Therefore, changes are needed for its use in the dental clinic.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, sob a percepção de estudantes de Odontologia, a ergonomia de trabalho utilizando um protótipo de uma câmara de contenção de aerossol e determinar possíveis mudanças para sua utilização, caso necessário. Foi criado um protótipo de uma câmara de contenção de aerossol a partir de tubos de conexões de PVC e placas de acrílico transparente. O protótipo de uma câmara de contenção de aerossol foi testado quanto a sua ergonomia na prática clínica simulando um atendimento odontológico em um manequim de dentística com dentes artificiais. Na simulação, 20 participantes, sendo eles alunos do oitavo ao décimo período do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, realizaram a confecção de cavidade Classe I em um molar inferior e em um molar superior e logo em seguida responderam um questionário que abordava informações sobre a ergonomia de trabalho relacionado ao atendimento utilizando o protótipo. A pesquisa foi realizada na clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Os resultados dessa pesquisa apontaram que o uso do protótipo da câmara de contenção de aerossol apresenta dificuldades no momento de realizar preparos em dentes superiores e quanto à troca de instrumentos durante o procedimento. O protótipo mostrou-se eficiente ao trabalhar em dentes da arcada dentária inferior e quanto à posição da coluna. Pode-se concluir que o protótipo apresenta limitações durante o trabalho na arcada dentária superior e quanto a troca de instrumentos, porem apresentou boa ergonomia quando o trabalho foi executado em dentes inferiores e também possibilitou uma boa posição da coluna. Sendo assim, são necessárias mudanças para sua utilização na clínica odontológica

Efeito do treino postural por biofeedback no estudante de medicina dentária : estudo piloto

Introdução: Com o intuito de prevenir e minimizar o impacto de lesões músculoesqueléticas é de extrema relevância a formação em ergonomia dos estudantes de medicina dentária. Dispositivos eletrónicos portáteis podem ser utilizados para treinar um indivíduo a melhorar a perceção da sua postura e modificá-la através de um sistema de biofeedback. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar o efeito que um dispositivo de biofeedback para treino postural tem na postura do estudante de medicina dentária. Como objetivo secundário pretendese avaliar a aplicabilidade do dispositivo postural no ensino de princípios de ergonomia em medicina dentária. Materiais e Métodos: Este é um estudo piloto que consiste na utilização de um sensor de treino postural por biofeedback UpRight GO 2TM (Upright Technology Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel). Foram recolhidos dados diários da percentagem de tempo em que os 5 participantes obtiveram uma postura correta durante sua utilização, com recurso à aplicação do dispositivo de biofeedback. Foram também analisados os dados durante procedimentos clínicos dentários simulados num fantoma antes e depois de 4 semanas de treino postural. Avaliou-se através do Questionário Nórdico a presença de sinais e sintomas músculo-esqueléticos. Também se analisou a perceção dos participantes sobre a utilização do dispositivo biofeedback através de um questionário. Resultados: A postura dos estudantes de medicina dentária melhorou após a utilização do dispositivo de biofeedback UpRight GO 2TM, e de acordo com a opinião dos participantes além de recomendaram a sua utilização, consideram que o sensor acarreta vantagens na adoção de uma melhor postura durante o exercício da profissão e também de uma forma geral. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a utilização de sistemas de biofeedback, está associada a uma melhoria da postura dos estudantes de medicina dentária. O treino postural com este dispositivo parece ser exequível no contexto médicodentário.Introduction: In order to prevent and minimize the impact of musculoskeletal injuries, ergonomic training of dental students is of extreme importance. Wearable electronic devices can be used to train an individual to improve the perception of his posture and modify it through a biofeedback system. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect a biofeedback device for postural training has on dental students' posture. As a secondary aim it is intended to evaluate the applicability of the postural device in teaching ergonomic principles in dentistry. Materials and Methods: This is a pilot study that consists of using a biofeedback postural training sensor UpRight GO 2TM (Upright Technology Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel). Daily data were collected regarding the percentage of time the 5 participants achieved correct posture during its use, using the biofeedback device. Data were also analyzed during simulated clinical dental procedures on a phantom before and after 4 weeks of postural training. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess the presence of musculoskeletal signs and symptoms. The participants' perception of the use of the biofeedback device was also analyzed through a questionnaire. Results: The dental students' posture improved after using the UpRight GO 2TM biofeedback device, and according to the participants' opinion besides recommending its use, they consider that the sensor carries advantages in adopting a better posture during the exercise of the profession and also in general. Conclusion: It was found that the use of biofeedback systems is associated with an improvement in the posture of dental students. Postural training with this device seems to be feasible in the medical-dental context