PARISROC, a Photomultiplier Array Integrated Read Out Chip

PARISROC is a complete read out chip, in AMS SiGe 0.35 !m technology, for photomultipliers array. It allows triggerless acquisition for next generation neutrino experiments and it belongs to an R&D program funded by the French national agency for research (ANR) called PMm2: ?Innovative electronics for photodetectors array used in High Energy Physics and Astroparticles? (ref.ANR-06-BLAN-0186). The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) integrates 16 independent and auto triggered channels with variable gain and provides charge and time measurement by a Wilkinson ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) and a 24-bit Counter. The charge measurement should be performed from 1 up to 300 photo- electrons (p.e.) with a good linearity. The time measurement allowed to a coarse time with a 24-bit counter at 10 MHz and a fine time on a 100ns ramp to achieve a resolution of 1 ns. The ASIC sends out only the relevant data through network cables to the central data storage. This paper describes the front-end electronics ASIC called PARISROC.Comment: IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium an Medical Imaging Conference (2009 NSS/MIC

Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation.Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) DE-AC02-07CH11359Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Goias (FAPEG) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Canada Foundation for Innovation IPP, Canada Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CERNMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic GovernmentERDF, European Union H2020-EU, European Union MSCA, European UnionCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) French Atomic Energy CommissionIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European CommissionNational Research Foundation of KoreaCAM, Spain La Caixa Foundation Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government Xunta de GaliciaSERI, Switzerland Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)Royal Society of London UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Science Foundation (NSF) National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility DE-AC02-05CH1123

ULSI and TFT technologies in industry, research and higher education in France: An evolution towards innovation resulting from close and sustainable interaction

The semiconductor industry and associated microelectronic production began in France in the early 1980s as part of the national microelectronics plan launched by the French government to meet the needs of new economic sectors that are heavy users of microelectronic products. Indeed, microelectronic circuits, devices and systems are the key elements of the information technology field, which includes computer and communications capabilities, and application fields such as aerospace, transport, and energy, mainly. Several new technologies had to be developed, corresponding to the first advent of communication tools such as Minitel (ancestor of the web) or credit cards, which then underwent huge development. This implied a major effort on both integrated silicon technologies and large area electronics technologies oriented flat panel displays on glass substrates (low temperature process). The latter were to replace the cathode ray tube. Let us notice that due to the drastic reduction of dimensions in ULSI technologies, the thermal budget significantly decreased and both technological approaches progressively converged; today, many deposition techniques are common, for example. In parallel with the major effort towards the microelectronics industry, the French government has decided to improve higher education in this field and to train future engineers, masters and doctors in research and development and manufacturing with the corresponding knowledge and know-how. More recently, a new national plan has been launched by the French “Commissariat aux Grands Investissements” (Future Invest Plan or PIA1) to improve large area and integrated technologies and adapt to the digital society of the future. This focuses on connected objects and the Internet of Things, products that mainly combine the different components of the fields of microelectronics [1] and more particularly integrated technologies, embedded electronics and large area technologies suitable for flat panel displays, sensors and actuators, but also components of other domains linked to their applications. This supposed also multidisciplinarity [2]. As a consequence, the training of graduate students must follow this evolution in order to well meet the needs of companies and research laboratories with a clear orientation towards innovation. A specific French national program was launched in 2011 and entitled IDEFI for Excellence Initiative for Innovative education in order to set-up innovative formations that may correspond to new pedagogical approach and new content of curricula adapted to the new technologies. The French national network in microelectronics, CNFM [4], applied and succeeded with the project entitled FINMINA [5] for Innovative training in microelectronics and nanotechnologies. With the advent of new educational technologies based mainly on online training such as MOOCs, the strategy has focused on the know-how part of learning. The 12 common centers of the French microelectronics network (CNFM), which include numerous design platforms, cleanrooms, and characterization and testing platforms, have engaged in innovative training projects covering all microelectronics sectors, targeting future applications of connected objects and the industry 4.0. After a presentation of the context of microelectronics and the evolution of ULSI and TFT technologies, both in academic research and industrial environments, the paper highlights the strategy developed by the French academic and microelectronics community around innovation. Examples of the development by students of future integrated components up to the nanoscale, system-on-chip combining integrated and large area technologies will be presented. The ultimate objective is to best meet the societal needs of the 21st century. References 1.O. Bonnaud, Int. J. Plasma Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 115-120, (2016). 2.O. Bonnaud and L. Fesquet, Proc. of MSE’2015, Publisher IEEE, 4 pages, Pittsburg (MS), USA, (2015). 3.O. Bonnaud, ECS Transaction, 67(1), 147-158 (2015). 4.GIP-CNFM; Public Interest Group - National Coordination for Education in Microelectronics and nanotechnologies, http://www.cnfm.fr 5.FINMINA: IDEFI project: ANR-11-IDFI-0017 See website of CNF

Transverse momentum dependence of inclusive primary charged-particle production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum (pT) distribution of primary charged particles is measured at midrapidity in minimum-bias p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC in the range 0.15<pT<50 GeV/c. The spectra are compared to the expectation based on binary collision scaling of particle production in pp collisions, leading to a nuclear modification factor consistent with unity for pT larger than 2 GeV/c, with a weak indication of a Cronin-like enhancement for pT around 4 GeV/c. The measurement is compared to theoretical calculations and to data in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeVThe ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: State Committee of Science, World Federation of Scientists (WFS) and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC); Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic; Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Carlsberg Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation; The European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme; Helsinki Institute of Physics and the Academy of Finland; French CNRS-IN2P3, the ‘Region Pays de Loire’, ‘Region Alsace’, ‘Region Auvergne’ and CEA, France; German BMBF and the Helmholtz Association; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, Greece; Hungarian OTKA and National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH); Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Italy; MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, Japan; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); CONACYT, DGAPA, México, ALFA-EC and the EPLANET Program (European Particle Physics Latin American Network); Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) and the Nederlandse Organisatie voorWetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway (NFR); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Centre, Poland; Ministry of National Education/Institute for Atomic Physics and CNCS-UEFISCDI-Romania; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations and The Russian Foundation for Basic Research;Ministry of Education of Slovakia; Department of Science and Technology, South Africa; CIEMAT, EELA,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain, Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Educación), CEADEN,Cubaenergía, Cuba, andIAEA(InternationalAtomicEnergy Agency); Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut and AliceWallenberg Foundation (KAW); Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); The United States Department of Energy, the United States National Science Foundation, the State of Texas, and the State of OhioS

Neutral pion production at midrapidity in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

Invariant yields of neutral pions at midrapidity in the transverse momentum range 0.6<pT<12GeV/c measured in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV are presented for six centrality classes. The pp reference spectrum was measured in the range 0.4<pT<10GeV/c at the same center-of-mass energy. The nuclear modification factor, RAA, shows a suppression of neutral pions in central Pb–Pb collisions by a factor of up to about 8−10 for 5≲pT≲7GeV/c. The presented measurements are compared with results at lower center-of-mass energies and with theoretical calculations.The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: State Committee of Science,World Federation of Scientists (WFS) and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC); Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic; Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Carlsberg Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation; The European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme; Helsinki Institute of Physics and the Academy of Finland; French CNRS-IN2P3, the ‘Region Pays de Loire’, ‘Region Alsace’, ‘Region Auvergne’ and CEA, France; German BMBF and the Helmholtz Association; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, Greece; Hungarian OTKA and National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH); Department of Atomic Energy andDepartment of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Italy; MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, Japan; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); CONACYT, DGAPA, México, ALFA-EC and the EPLANET Program (European Particle Physics Latin American Network) Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), The Netherlands; Research Council of Norway (NFR); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Centre, Poland; Ministry of National Education/Institute for Atomic Physics and CNCS-UEFISCDI - Romania; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations and The Russian Foundation for Basic Research;Ministry of Education of Slovakia; Department of Science and Technology, South Africa; CIEMAT, EELA,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain, Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Educación), CEADEN,Cubaenergía, Cuba, andIAEA(InternationalAtomicEnergy Agency); Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW); Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); The United States Department of Energy, the United States National Science Foundation, the State of Texas, and the State of Ohio.S

PARISROC, a photomultiplier array readout chip

PARISROC is a complete read out chip, in AMS SiGe 0.35 micron technology, for photomultipliers array. It is a front-end electronics ASIC which allows triggerless acquisition for the next generation of neutrino experiments. These detectors have place in megaton size water tanks and will require very large surface of photo-detection. An R & D program, funded by French national agency for research and called PMm2, proposes to segment the very large surface of photo-detection in macro pixels made of 16 photomultiplier tubes connected to an autonomous front-end electronics. The ASIC allows triggerless acquisition and only send out the relevant data by network to the central data storage. This data management reduces considerably the cost of these detectors. This paper describes the front-end electronics ASIC called PARISROC which integrates totally independents 16 channels with a variable gain and provides charge and time measurement with a 12-bit ADC and a 24-bits Counter.Comment: 1st international conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP09), Tsukuba, Japan (2009

A Trusted Digital Repository based on the OAIS model with integrated management of access rights

International audienceIn 2008, a pilot project initiated by TGE Adonis, a Very Large Research Infrastructure, brought together designers of data repositories, archivists and system engineers to set up collaborative oral/linguistic resource centres in France. Challenging issues were addressed by this group when implementing an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) constructed on two submission sites bundled with an institutional archive in Montpellier (CINES, Centre Informatique National de lEnseignement Supérieur) and a dissemination site hosted by a major computer centre in Lyon (CC-IN2P3, Centre de Calcul de lInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules).After the completion of the pilot project, a submission site (SLDR, Speech & Language Data Repository, www.sldr.org) underwent development for the systematic management of access rights in compliance with the French Heritage code. Its framework claims to be applicable to other legal systems worldwide, which will facilitate interoperability between protected repositories equipped with transfer of authentication techniques (Single Sign-On). Further, an option of shared licences makes it possible to restrict access to designated individuals or institutions, thereby making it possible to distribute resources to identified scholars on a non-commercial basis while the same are supplied on paid-basis to the speech industry by partners such as ELDA (Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency) and the LDC (Language Data Consortium).At present, the CNRTL (Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, www.cnrtl.fr) for text documents, and the SLDR for oral data, are being integrated into a network of language resource centres following CLARIN (Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure) guidelines for interoperability. This ambitious programme (ORTOLANG, Open Resources and TOols for LANGuage) is funded by the French Ministry of Research with support of TGE Adonis and the recently-created CORPUS VLRI in which its participant laboratories and resources centres are strongly involved

Disentangling cortical functional connectivity strength and topography reveals divergent roles of genes and environment

The human brain varies across individuals in its morphology, function, and cognitive capacities. Variability is particularly high in phylogenetically modern regions associated with higher order cognitive abilities, but its relationship to the layout and strength of functional networks is poorly understood. In this study we disentangled the variability of two key aspects of functional connectivity: strength and topography. We then compared the genetic and environmental influences on these two features. Genetic contribution is heterogeneously distributed across the cortex and differs for strength and topography. In heteromodal areas genes predominantly affect the topography of networks, while their connectivity strength is shaped primarily by random environmental influence such as learning. We identified peak areas of genetic control of topography overlapping with parts of the processing stream from primary areas to network hubs in the default mode network, suggesting the coordination of spatial configurations across those processing pathways. These findings provide a detailed map of the diverse contribution of heritability and individual experience to the strength and topography of functional brain architecture.Nanyang Technological UniversityPublished versionThis work was supported by the Medical University of Vienna, the Austrian Research Fund (FWF) [grants P 35189, P 34198, and I 3925-B27] in collaboration with the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) [LS20-065], the European Research Council Grant [866533-CORTIGRAD], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 81790652, No.81790650] and the NAM Advanced Biomedical Imaging Program [FY2016] between Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Medical University of Vienna, Austria