6,084 research outputs found
Health Figures: An Open Source JavaScript Library for Health Data Visualization
The way we look at data has a great impact on how we can understand it,
particularly when the data is related to health and wellness. Due to the
increased use of self-tracking devices and the ongoing shift towards preventive
medicine, better understanding of our health data is an important part of
improving the general welfare of the citizens. Electronic Health Records,
self-tracking devices and mobile applications provide a rich variety of data
but it often becomes difficult to understand. We implemented the hFigures
library inspired on the hGraph visualization with additional improvements. The
purpose of the library is to provide a visual representation of the evolution
of health measurements in a complete and useful manner. We researched the
usefulness and usability of the library by building an application for health
data visualization in a health coaching program. We performed a user evaluation
with Heuristic Evaluation, Controlled User Testing and Usability
Questionnaires. In the Heuristics Evaluation the average response was 6.3 out
of 7 points and the Cognitive Walkthrough done by usability experts indicated
no design or mismatch errors. In the CSUQ usability test the system obtained an
average score of 6.13 out of 7, and in the ASQ usability test the overall
satisfaction score was 6.64 out of 7. We developed hFigures, an open source
library for visualizing a complete, accurate and normalized graphical
representation of health data. The idea is based on the concept of the hGraph
but it provides additional key features, including a comparison of multiple
health measurements over time. We conducted a usability evaluation of the
library as a key component of an application for health and wellness
monitoring. The results indicate that the data visualization library was
helpful in assisting users in understanding health data and its evolution over
time.Comment: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 16.1 (2016
Relay Backpropagation for Effective Learning of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Learning deeper convolutional neural networks becomes a tendency in recent
years. However, many empirical evidences suggest that performance improvement
cannot be gained by simply stacking more layers. In this paper, we consider the
issue from an information theoretical perspective, and propose a novel method
Relay Backpropagation, that encourages the propagation of effective information
through the network in training stage. By virtue of the method, we achieved the
first place in ILSVRC 2015 Scene Classification Challenge. Extensive
experiments on two challenging large scale datasets demonstrate the
effectiveness of our method is not restricted to a specific dataset or network
architecture. Our models will be available to the research community later.Comment: Technical report for our submissions to the ILSVRC 2015 Scene
Classification Challenge, where we won the first plac
The State-of-the-Art of Set Visualization
Sets comprise a generic data model that has been used in a variety of data analysis problems. Such problems involve analysing and visualizing set relations between multiple sets defined over the same collection of elements. However, visualizing sets is a non-trivial problem due to the large number of possible relations between them. We provide a systematic overview of state-of-the-art techniques for visualizing different kinds of set relations. We classify these techniques into six main categories according to the visual representations they use and the tasks they support. We compare the categories to provide guidance for choosing an appropriate technique for a given problem. Finally, we identify challenges in this area that need further research and propose possible directions to address these challenges. Further resources on set visualization are available at http://www.setviz.net
ํธ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ 3์ฐจ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋ด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๋ฏธ์ ๋ํ ๋์์ธํ๋ถ ๋์์ธ์ ๊ณต, 2019. 2. ๊น์์ .Speculative visualization combines both data visualization methods and aesthetics to draw attention to specific social, political and environmental issues. The speculative data visualization project proposed in this work explores electronic waste trade and the environmental performance of various nations.
Illegal trading of electronic waste without proper disposal and recycling measures has a severe impact on both human health and the environment. This trade can be represented as a network data structure. The overall environmental health and ecosystem vitality of those trading countries, represented by their Environmental Performance Index (EPI), can also give greater insight into this issue. This EPI data has a hierarchical structure. This work explores methods to visualize these two data sets simultaneously in a manner that allows for analytical exploration of the data while communicating its underlying meaning.
This project-based design research specifically focuses on visualizing hierarchical datasets with a node-link type tree structure and suggests a novel data visualization method, called the data garden, to visualize these hierarchical datasets within a spatial network. This draws inspiration from networks found between trees in nature. This is applied to the illegal e-waste trade and environmental datasets to provoke discussion, provide a holistic understanding and improve the peoples awareness on these issues. This uses both analytical data visualization techniques, along with a more aesthetic approach.
The data garden approach is used to create a 3D interactive data visualization that users can use to navigate and explore the data in a meaningful way while also providing an emotional connection to the subject. This is due to the ability of the data garden approach to accurately show the underlying data while also closely mimicking natural structures.
The visualization project intends to encourage creative professionals to create both visually appealing and thought-provoking data visualizations on significant issues that can reach a mass audience and improve awareness of citizens. Additionally, this design research intends to cause further discussion on the role of aesthetics and creative practices in data visualizations.์ฌ๋ณ์ ์๊ฐํ(speculative visualization)๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๋ฏธํ์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ฌ ํน์ ํ ์ฌํ, ์ ์น ๋ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ์ ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ์ ์ํ ์ฌ๋ณ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ค์ํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฑฐ๋์ ํ๊ฒฝ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ด
๋๋ค.
์ ์ ํ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฌํ์ฉ ์กฐ์น๊ฐ ์ด๋ค์ง์ง ์์ ์ ์ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ํํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํ๊ฒฝ์ฑ๊ณผ์ง์(EPI)๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ํ๊ณ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ ๊น์ ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ ์ ๊ณตํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ํ๊ฒฝ์ฑ๊ณผ์ง์๋ ๊ณ์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ตฌํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํตํด ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋์์ ์๊ฐํํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ๋ฉด์ ๋๋ฌ๋์ง ์๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํ๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ๋์์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ก, ๋
ธ๋ ๋งํฌ ์ ํ ํธ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ณ์ธต์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ค์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์์ฐ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ ์ ์๋ ๋๋ฌด ๊ฐ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ป์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์์ ๊ณ์ธต์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ธํธ๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ ์์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ ์ด ์๋ก์ด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์ ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฑฐ๋์ ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ ํ ๋ก ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ธ์์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋ณด๋ค ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ ์์ ํตํ ์ ๊ทผ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ฐจ์ ๋ํํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์๊ฐํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์๋ฏธ ์๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ดํด๋ณด๋ ๋์์ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ๋ ๋์์ ์์ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค.
๋ณธ ์๊ฐํ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ ์ฐฝ์์ ์ธ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์ค์ํ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํด ์๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ ์๊ฐ์ ์๊ทนํ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋์ค์๊ฒ ๋๋ฌํ๊ณ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ธ์์ ํฅ์ํ ์ ์๋๋ก ๊ถ์ฅํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ํ, ๋ณธ ๋์์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์๊ฐํ์์ ๋ฏธํ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ค์ฒ์ ์ญํ ์ ๋ํ ๋ ๋ง์ ๋
ผ์๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๊ณ ์ ํฉ๋๋ค.Abstract I
Table of Contents III
List of Figures VI
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 2
1.2 Research Goal and Method 6
1.3 Terminology 9
2. Hierarchical Relationships: Trees 14
2.1 The History of Tree Diagrams 16
2.1.1 Significance of Trees 16
2.1.2 Aristotles Hierarchical Order of Life 19
2.1.3 Early Religious Depictions of Hierarchical Structures 22
2.1.4 Depicting Evolution 26
2.2 Tree Structures 29
2.3 Tree Layouts 31
3. Complex Relationships: Networks 34
3.1 Attributes of Networks 36
3.1.1 Interdependence and Interconnectedness 38
3.1.2 Decentralization 42
3.1.3 Nonlinearity 45
3.1.4 Multiplicity 46
3.2 Spatial Networks 46
3.3 Combining Tree Structures and Networks 48
4. Design Study Goals and Criteria 51
4.1 Objectives of the Design Study 71
4.2 Data Visualization Approaches 54
4.3 Criteria of Data Visualization 57
4.3.1 Aesthetics 58
4.3.2 Information Visualization Principles 62
4.3.2.1 Visual Cues in Data Visualization 62
4.3.2.2 Gestalt Principles 65
4.3.2.3 Increasing Efficiency of Network Visualizations 67
4.4 Case Study 70
5. Design Study: Data Garden Method 78
5.1 Concept of the Data Garden Structure 79
5.2 Data Garden Tree Structure 84
5.2.1 360ยฐVertical Branches 85
5.2.2 Break Point of the Branches 87
5.2.3 Aligning Hierarchy Levels 89
5.2.3.1 Design 01 โ Extend Method 90
5.2.3.2 Design 02 โ Collapse Method 91
5.2.4 Node Placement Technique 92
5.3 Conveying 3D Information 95
6. Design Study: Visualization Project 98
6.1 Theme 99
6.1.1 E-waste Trade 100
6.1.2 Environmental Performance Index 102
6.2 Visual Design Concept 104
6.3 Assigning Attributes 105
6.4 Visual Design Process 107
6.4.1 Leaf (Node) Design Process 107
6.4.1.1 Leaf Inspiration 107
6.4.1.2 Leaf Design 108
6.4.1.3 Leaf Area Calculation and Alignment 113
6.4.2 Stem (Branch) Design Process 116
6.4.3 Root (Link) Design Process 117
6.5 Interaction Design 118
6.5.1 Navigation 118
6.5.2 User Interface 119
6.5.3 Free and Detail Modes 120
6.5.4 Data Details 121
6.6 Visualization Renders 122
6.7 Exhibition 129
7. Conclusion 131
7.1 Conclusion 132
7.2 Limitations and Further Research 133
Bibliography 135
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก (Abstract in Korean) 144Docto
Applications of big knowledge summarization
Advanced technologies have resulted in the generation of large amounts of data ( Big Data ). The Big Knowledge derived from Big Data could be beyond humans\u27 ability of comprehension, which will limit the effective and innovative use of Big Knowledge repository. Biomedical ontologies, which play important roles in biomedical information systems, constitute one kind of Big Knowledge repository. Biomedical ontologies typically consist of domain knowledge assertions expressed by the semantic connections between tens of thousands of concepts. Without some high-level visual representation of Big Knowledge in biomedical ontologies, humans cannot grasp the big picture of those ontologies. Such Big Knowledge orientation is required for the proper maintenance of ontologies and their effective use. This dissertation is addressing the Big Knowledge challenge - How to enable humans to use Big Knowledge correctly and effectively (referred to as the Big Knowledge to Use (BK2U) problem) - with a focus on biomedical ontologies.
In previous work, Abstraction Networks (AbNs) have been demonstrated successful for the summarization, visualization and quality assurance (QA) of biomedical ontologies. Based on the previous research, this dissertation introduces new AbNs of various granularities for Big Knowledge summarization and extends the applications of AbNs. This dissertation consists of three main parts. The first part introduces two advanced AbNs. One is the weighted aggregate partial-area taxonomy with a parameter to flexibly control the summarization granularity. The second is the Ingredient Abstraction Network (IAbN) for the National Drug File - Reference Terminology (NDF-RT) Chemical Ingredients hierarchy, for which the previously developed AbNs for hierarchies with outgoing relationships, are not applicable. Since NDF-RT\u27s Chemical Ingredients hierarchy has no outgoing relationships.
The second part describes applications of the two advanced AbNs. A study utilizing the weighted aggregate partial-area taxonomy for the identification of major topics in SNOMED CT\u27s Specimen hierarchy is reported. A multi-layer interactive visualization system of required granularity for ontology comprehension, based on the weighted aggregate partial-area taxonomy, is demonstrated to comprehend the Neoplasm subhierarchy of National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt). The IAbN is applied for drug-drug interaction (DDI) discovery.
The third part reports eight family-based QA studies on NCIt\u27s Neoplasm, Gene, and Biological Process hierarchies, SNOMED CT\u27s Infectious disease hierarchy, the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest ontology, and the Chemical Ingredients hierarchy in NDF-RT. There is no one-size-fits-all QA method and it is impossible to find a QA method for each individual ontology. Hence, family-based QA is an effective way, i.e., one QA technique could be applicable to a whole family of structurally similar ontologies. The results of these studies demonstrate that complex concepts and uncommonly modeled concepts are more likely to have errors. Furthermore, the three studies on overlapping concepts in partial-area taxonomies reported in this dissertation combined with previous three studies prove the success of overlapping concepts as a QA methodology for a whole family of 76 similar ontologies in BioPortal
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