3,503 research outputs found

    Ecos de la academia: Revista de la Facultad de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología - FECYT Nro 5

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    Ecos de la academia, Revista de la Facultad de Educación Ciencia y Tecnología es una publicación científica de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, con revisión por pares a doble ciego que publica artículos en idioma español, quichua, portugués e inglés. Se edita con una frecuencia semestral con dos números por año.En ella se divulgan trabajos originales e inéditos generados por los investigadores, docentes y estudiantes de la FECYT, y contribuciones de profesionales de instituciones docentes e investigativas dentro y fuera del país, con calidad, originalidad y relevancia en las áreas de ciencias sociales y tecnología aplicada.Realidad socioinclusiva del adulto mayor del grupo etario mayor a los 70 años en las parroquias urbanas de Ibarra. Orientación vocacional y personalidad en el Sistema Nacional de Nivelación y Admisión en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Las primeras tarjetas postales de Ibarra, Ecuador: 1906-1914. Aprendizaje móvil en el aula. Aproximación a la Concepción Etnomatemática. La ética en la investigación educativa: ¿condición indispensable?. Inteligencia sociocultural para la inclusión. Atención al alumnado inmigrante: la visión de una profesora francesa en Galicia. Análisis crítico de la dimensión ambiental del ecosistema montañoso Guamuhaya, Cuba (1995-2014). La adaptación curricular inclusiva en la educación regular. El arte en la provincia de Imbabura de mediados del siglo XIX en torno a las escuelas de arte. Formación integral: un estudio de algunos logros y carencias. Experiencias en la publicidad online en la ciudad de Ibarra, Ecuador. Estudio exploratorio de la incidencia de los hogares disfuncionales en la iniciación sexual temprana de los adolescentes. Etnografía Virtual como aplicación metodológica: Caso Chevron en Ecuador. Alfabetización y calidad de vida: percepción de los alfabetizados. Elaboración de un manual mediante el método Delphi para la enseñanza de patronaje. Pertinencia de la Carrera de Turismo de la UTN, en el contexto de la Región 1 del Ecuador, 2016-2020. Preferencias por doble titulación de bachilleres de la Zona 1 de Ecuador y Nariño de Colombia. “Mucha Publicidad”, II Simposio de Diseño, Publicidad y Sociedad, de la UTN. Normas de presentación de artículos en la revista Ecos de la Academia

    Ciguatoxins

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    Ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are responsible for Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), are liposoluble toxins produced by microalgae of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. This book presents 18 scientific papers that offer new information and scientific evidence on: (i) CTX occurrence in aquatic environments, with an emphasis on edible aquatic organisms; (ii) analysis methods for the determination of CTXs; (iii) advances in research on CTX-producing organisms; (iv) environmental factors involved in the presence of CTXs; and (v) the assessment of public health risks related to the presence of CTXs, as well as risk management and mitigation strategies

    Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World

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    It is increasingly being recognized that land use and land cover changes driven by anthropogenic pressures are impacting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their services, human society, and human livelihoods and well-being. This Special Issue contains 12 original papers covering various issues related to land use and land use changes in various parts of the world (see references), with the purpose of providing a forum to exchange ideas and progress in related areas. Research topics include land use targets, dynamic modelling and mapping using satellite images, pressures from energy production, deforestation, impacts on ecosystem services, aboveground biomass evaluation, and investigations on libraries of legends and classification systems

    Spatial-Temporal Data Mining for Ocean Science: Data, Methodologies, and Opportunities

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    With the increasing amount of spatial-temporal~(ST) ocean data, numerous spatial-temporal data mining (STDM) studies have been conducted to address various oceanic issues, e.g., climate forecasting and disaster warning. Compared with typical ST data (e.g., traffic data), ST ocean data is more complicated with some unique characteristics, e.g., diverse regionality and high sparsity. These characteristics make it difficult to design and train STDM models. Unfortunately, an overview of these studies is still missing, hindering computer scientists to identify the research issues in ocean while discouraging researchers in ocean science from applying advanced STDM techniques. To remedy this situation, we provide a comprehensive survey to summarize existing STDM studies in ocean. Concretely, we first summarize the widely-used ST ocean datasets and identify their unique characteristics. Then, typical ST ocean data quality enhancement techniques are discussed. Next, we classify existing STDM studies for ocean into four types of tasks, i.e., prediction, event detection, pattern mining, and anomaly detection, and elaborate the techniques for these tasks. Finally, promising research opportunities are highlighted. This survey will help scientists from the fields of both computer science and ocean science have a better understanding of the fundamental concepts, key techniques, and open challenges of STDM in ocean

    Children's Community-Based Guided Active Play; Influence on Physical Activity Participation and Cardiovascular Responses

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    It is well established that the decline in children’s physical activity (PA) participation contributes to increases in the prevalence of paediatric obesity, risks for developing cardiovascular disease and decreases in physical fitness. PA interventions that are regimented and conducted in structured environments, such as laboratories, hospitals and school-based curricula, have shown to improve healthy PA behaviours and health- related fitness (i.e., health-enhancing PA). The increased costs and labour intensiveness of these programs have raised questions about their attractiveness in recreational/community summer camps and/or after-school settings. The importance of community-based programming where play (i.e., free play [FP], active play [AP], guided active play [GAP]) may provide increased opportunities for children to be active and facilitate social interactions should not be overlooked when considering children’s PA participation. Previous studies have shown that in a simulated AP environment using cooperative games, children elicit a wide range of energy expenditures and percentage of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (%MVPA). The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to use cooperative games in community summer camp programs for school-aged children to determine if select health PA behaviour outcomes (energy expenditure, intensity) and health-related fitness (blood pressure, aerobic fitness, body composition) improvements are associated with long-term GAP programs. The major findings are that: 1) energy expenditure (EE) and %MVPA associated with children’s GAP using cooperative games over an 8-week community summer camp are maintained and sufficient to improve blood pressure and estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max; Ch. 3.2); 2) following a shorter (5-wk) GAP program, school-aged children showed statistically higher forearm vascular perfusion controlled by endothelial independent processes that preceded changes in estimated VO2max (Ch. 3.3); and 3) during development, PA tracking over 1 year intervals were moderately high when assessed by GAP and using cooperative games (Ch. 3.1). In conclusion, cooperative games within a longer-term community summer camp GAP program are effective in sustaining health-enhancing PA and improving school-aged children’s health and fitness. PA participation over a one-year period for GAP using cooperative games is stable in children 5-12 years. A community camp that includes GAP programming with cooperative games seems to be an effective strategy to engage children in health-enhancing PA during time away from school (i.e., afterschool, weekends, summer)

    Perspectiva de género e intervención socioeducativa con mujeres en las cárceles españolas

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    El origen de esta tesis doctoral se sitúa en el olvido tradicional en el que ha estado sumida la delincuencia femenina en la doctrina científica, especialmente en lo que concierne a la intervención socioeducativa que se desarrolla en prisión con las mujeres. Desde la aparición de la criminología feminista, se han publicado diversos estudios que apuntan a un perfil delictivo diferenciado y a unas necesidades de intervención que únicamente pueden ser abordadas desde un paradigma de género. Ahora bien, en España continúa siendo notorio el déficit de literatura en el ámbito. En este contexto, se plantea una investigación descriptiva cuyos objetivos residen en visibilizar la singularidad de la delincuencia femenina institucionalizada y examinar la perspectiva de género en la política penitenciaria. A tal fin, se emplearon dos cuestionarios, uno para internas y otro para profesionales, que buscan obtener información acerca de las características sociodelictivas de las mujeres y cómo se desarrolla en la intervención socioeducativa de las prisiones. Hemos realizado el trabajo de campo en los centros penitenciarios de Brieva, Madrid I - Mujeres, Alcalá de Guadaíra, Teixeiro, Pereiro de Aguiar, A Lama y Bonxe. Los resultados informan de perfiles diferenciados en función de la tipología delictiva y la presencia de necesidades criminógenas relacionadas con las experiencias traumáticas en la infancia o adolescencia, los problemas de salud derivados del consumo de drogas, y la victimización. También constatamos una alta participación de las mujeres en la intervención socioeducativa, si bien tanto ellas como los/as profesionales manifiestan la existencia de una serie de discriminaciones de género que tienen que ver con la falta de iniciativas específicamente diseñadas para ellas, el acceso a cursos y programas, así como con la feminización de la formación laboral y el empleo remunerado. Entre las conclusiones, destacamos la necesidad de desarrollar una programación sensible al género que atienda las necesidades que se derivan de los distintos perfiles sociodelictivos de las internas

    Os grandes incêndios florestais no Noroeste de Portugal continental (2001 – 2020) - A deteção remota como ferramenta de apoio ao seu estudo

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    Tese de doutoramento em Geografia (especialização em Geografia Física e Estudos Ambientais)Atualmente, é crescente a preocupação por parte da sociedade sobre os impactes provocados pela ação do fogo nos diferentes ambientes. O fogo pode ser entendido como um fator ecológico natural ou não que influencia na estrutura e funcionamento de diversos ecossistemas, podendo, quando se perde o seu controle, passar a ser considerado como incêndio, sendo potencialmente capaz de provocar grandes prejuízos, e se tornar um grande incêndio florestal. Esta preocupação tem como consequência benéfica o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que ajudam a compreender esse problema. Em todo o mundo, incêndios florestais sempre ocorreram em diversas regiões, mesmo em áreas com condições climáticas menos propensas, resultando em impactos ambientais em vários níveis. Nas últimas décadas, a Europa tem enfrentado um aumento significativo no número de incêndios e na área devastada pelo fogo, com padrões espaciais e temporais variados. Essas tendências são resultado das transformações na disponibilidade de materiais combustíveis e das mudanças climáticas. Diante disso, Portugal destaca-se como um dos países mais afetados pelos incêndios florestais no sul do continente europeu, com eventos recorrentes e frequentes impactes, sendo responsáveis por perdas no ambiente, na economia e de vidas humanas. Os incêndios florestais não estão distribuídos uniformemente pelo território de Portugal, sendo o Noroeste a região que apresenta a maior incidência. Nessa investigação buscamos conhecer e compreender a repartição espacial e evolução temporal dos Grandes Incêndios Florestais (GIF) no Noroeste de Portugal continental, com recurso a técnicas de deteção remota, no período de 2001 a 2020. Para isso, foi realizada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica para fundamentar esta tese de doutoramento, além de uma bibliométrica para analisar as publicações científicas sobre o tema estudado entre os anos de 1991 a 2020. Com o uso de técnicas de detenção remota desenvolvemos uma metodologia para cartografar os GIFs, usando algoritmo de Machine Learnig e séries temporais por meio da averiguação de 20 anos de imagens Landsat. Também realizamos estudo de caso no município de Baião com a análise de um GIF que ocorreu em 2019, e realizamos a cartografia das áreas de interface urbano florestais (IUF) para esse município. Os Incêndios de Interface Urbano-Florestal (IUFs) desempenham um papel crucial nesse contexto, uma vez que as mudanças demográficas e sociais ocorridas nas áreas rurais têm levado ao abandono das terras nas últimas décadas., o que, por sua vez, influencia no ordenamento florestal e nas áreas onde as casas ou áreas urbanas se encontram ou se misturam com a vegetação selvagem ou áreas rurais, as quais são muito vulneráveis aos incêndios florestais. Diante disso, consideramos que com base em dados de deteção remota podemos aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os GIFs no Noroeste de Portugal continental, principalmente pela possibilidade de realizar análise de séries temporais, que contribuem no entendimento dos eventos já ocorridos. O desenvolvimento de estudos, como este, aborda questões ambientais, sociais e económicas, uma vez que favorece o desenvolvimento de campanhas de sensibilização e prevenção, atividades de gestão florestal e do risco de incêndio, bem como a a monitorização de possíveis atividades potencialmente facilitadoras de incêndios.Nowadays, there has been a growing concern of society about the impacts caused by the action of fire in different environments. Fire can be understood as a natural or non-natural ecological factor that influences the structure and functioning of several ecosystems, and when it loses control, it can be considered as a wildfire, being potentially capable of causing great damage, turning into a large wildfire. This concern has as a beneficial consequence the development of more efficient tools that contribute to the understanding of this problem. Worldwide, wildfires have always occured in multiple regions, even in climatically less prone areas, and with environmental impacts at various levels. In recent decades, Europe has registered a high number of fires and an extensive burnt area, with different spatial and temporal trends, as a result of transformations in the availability of fuel material and climate change. In view of this, Portugal stands out as one of the countries most affected by wildfires in the south of the European continent, with recurrent events and frequent impacts, being responsible for losses in the environment, economy, and human lives. Wildfires are not evenly distributed across the territory of Portugal, with the Northwest being the region with the highest incidence. In this investigation, we seek to know and understand the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the Large Wildfires (LWF) in the Northwest of mainland Portugal, using remote sensing techniques within a period from 2001 to 2020. In doing so, we performed an extensive bibliographic review to support this doctoral thesis, in addition to a bibliometric analyse to exam scientific publications on the subject studied between 1991 and 2020. With the use of remote sensing techniques, we developed a methodology to map the LWFs, using Machine Learning algorithm and time series through the investigation of 20 years of Landsat images. Furthermore, we developed a case study in the municipality of Baião by analysing the LWF that occurred in 2019 and mapped its wildland-urban interface areas (WUI). The WUIs have gained importance in this matter, since the demographic and social changes that have occurred in rural areas have driven land abandonment in recent decades, which, in turn, influences forest planning and the areas where houses or urban areas are located or intermingled with wild vegetation or rural areas, which are very vulnerable to wildfires. On account of it, we consider that based on remote sensing data we can deepen the knowledge of LWFs in the Northwest of mainland Portugal, mainly due to the possibility of performing time series analysis, which contribute to the understanding of events that have already occurred. The development of studies, such as this one, addresses environmental, social, and economic issues, as it fosters awareness and prevention campaigns, forestry, and fire risk management activities, as well as the monitoring of possible activities that potentially can lead to wildfires.À FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, pelas bolsas de investigação nos projetos “Eco.Fire – O valor económico dos incêndios florestais como suporte ao comportamento preventivo” e “O3F - Um Framework de Optimização para reduzir os Incêndios Florestais”

    Investigating drivers of cyanobacterial blooms in Aotearoa – New Zealand lakes using sedimentary ancient DNA

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    Healthy lake ecosystems support biodiversity and human populations. They provide many ecosystem services such as water, food and energy. Lakes can be impacted by natural disturbances, but they are increasingly threatened by human-induced disturbances. Studies have shown that eutrophication and climate change often enhance cyanobacteria over other photosynthetic taxa. As cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more frequent and intense throughout the world, more lake systems are being investigated. In some cases there is not a clear link between eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms. One such example is Lake Pounui (Wairarapa, New Zealand), which has little intensive agriculture in its catchment but water quality has degraded markedly in the last decade. The lake now experiences heavy cyanobacterial blooms every summer. This could be due to the presence of a non-native fish population, the European perch (Perca fluviatilis). This thesis examined the relationship between cyanobacterial blooms and perch introduction in New Zealand lakes, including a multi-trophic study in Lake Pounui. Perch were introduced c. 1870 in New Zealand but introduction records are patchy and sometimes non-existent. Moreover, most lake systems are not studied until they are already degraded. This thesis used a combination of traditional proxies (pollen, charcoal, pigments) and modern proxies (sedimentary ancient DNA, XRF scanning) from lake sediment cores to reconstruct lake ecology in pre-human times, after M¯aori settlement between the 13th to 15th century, and after European settlement from 1840 AD. Timelines and intensity of human impact were reconstructed with pollen, charcoal analysis, and sediment dating when possible. Cyanobacterial communities in six lakes were reconstructed through their sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) using metabarcoding and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in Chapter 2. Bloom-forming species were present in all lakes prior to human arrival; however their overall abundance was low. Total cyanobacteria abundance and richness increased in all lakes after European settlement but was very pronounced in four lakes, where bloom-forming taxa became dominant. The trends in cyanobacterial abundance from ddPCR were then compared to cyanobacterial pigments (canthaxanthin, echinenone, myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin) using highperformance liquid chromatography in Chapter 3, to assess the likelihood of the historical increase observed. Pigments / sedaDNA relationships were more consistent when all pigments were summed, which is likely due to differences in species composition across lakes. The positive correlations confirmed an increase in cyanobacterial biomass since European arrival. Due to patchy records for fish introduction, fish sedimentary DNA was compared to environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples as a methodological check (Chapter 4) before applying this method to the sediment cores. This study was undertaken in three small and shallow lowland lakes by targeting perch and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus). Fish DNA was evenly distributed across the whole lake except when the fish population was low. Samples collected from the sediment contained fish DNA more often than water samples in two out of the three small shallow lakes (including Lake Pounui). Sediment geochemistry probably impeded detection in the third lake. Perch sedaDNA was therefore used as an indication of fish presence in Lake Pounui for Chapter 5, which explored multitrophic changes in Lake Pounui over the last c. 1,000 years. In addition to pollen, charcoal, and 14C dating, XRF scanning was used to reconstruct mineralogic shifts from the catchment (Ti/inc, K/inc) and within the lake (inc/coh). Biological trends were reconstructed by targeting the sedaDNA of bacteria (16S rRNA), microeukaryotes (18S rRNA), metazoans (CO1), and macrophytes (rbcL, trnL). Complemented by historical records and studies, the data produced in this thesis indicated that the biggest changes in Lake Pounui happened after European settlement (c. 1845), with land clearance, perch introduction, climate change, and probable fertiliser application driving the degradation of the water quality in c. 180 years. This study revealed shifts in native communities (macrophytes, bacteria, oligochaete worms) and the appearance of new species (perch, macrophytes, freshwater nematodes) previously undocumented using sedaDNA. The results highlight just how complex yet fragile lake ecosystems can be and how little we still know about them. Sedimentary ancient DNA is a useful tool to study the insidious and long-lasting impact of nonnative species on freshwater ecosystems because it widens the range of species that can be studied. However, it needs to be complemented with other proxies. This thesis provides a framework to study fish DNA in small shallow lakes (Chapter 4). It can also inform future management and restoration strategies in lakes, especially in Lake Pounui, by retracing historical water quality (Chapter 2) and identifying taxa present prior to, during, and after lake degradation (Chapter 5)

    How frequent are these verbs?

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    In monolingual (L1) acquisition, children produce target-like subject-verb agreement early in development in both Spanish (Grinstead 1998) and English (Guasti 2002). However, in heritage simultaneous bilinguals (2L1) and child second language acquirers (L2), agreement morphology shows variability (Goldin 2020; Herschensohn & Stevenson 2005) due to age of acquisition (AoA) effects. Lexical frequency is another factor that has been shown to play a role in modulating L1 (i.e. Ambridge et al. 2015) and heritage acquisition (i.e. Giancaspro 2017, 2020), but little is known about its effect in child L2. This study explores the extent to which verb lexical frequency plays a role in the acquisition of verb morphology for bilingual children with differing AoA, comparing 42 2L1 heritage children with 46 L2 Spanish learners with AoA of 5;0. They participated in a Spanish fill-in-the-blanks production task. The results of an analysis focused on singular correr and comer (chosen because they differ in only one phoneme) indicated that responses to comer, the more frequent verb, were more target-like for both groups, and that frequency showed a stronger effect for heritage 2L1 children than for L2 children, while also modulating non-target-like responses. We discuss these findings with implications for bilingual development and education

    Addressing the burden of snakebite: analysing policy prioritisation, evaluating health systems, and fostering research on treatments

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    Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 5.4 million snakebites annually. In 2019, WHO released a strategy to halve the burden of snakebite by 2030. This doctoral research aimed to generate practice and policy relevant evidence at three levels: globally, by understanding the prioritisation process in the WHO; nationally, in India, by evaluating the primary health care (PHC) system; and regionally, in South Asia, by fostering research on treatments. Methods To understand the global prioritisation of snakebite, I conducted a policy analysis, using interviews and documents as data sources. To evaluate health systems in India, I analysed secondary data for the first nationwide assessment of structural capacity and continuum of snakebite care. To understand health systems resilience, I used quantitative (analysis of facility-level data) and qualitative (interviews) approaches to understand the effects of COVID-19 and conducted an evidence synthesis on the effect of climate change. Through an overview of systematic reviews of treatments, I identified the need for a core outcome set (COS) on snakebite. I developed a COS for snakebite research in South Asia, by conducting a systematic review of outcomes and a Delphi survey. Results The policy analysis identified factors which enabled prioritisation of snakebite, and identified unaddressed challenges of sustaining legitimacy, and acceptance within the neglected tropical disease community. I identified structural limitations of the PHC system and gaps in referral pathways, in India. Relevant to the context, I report, how COVID-19 accentuated existing barriers, and identified that the choice of provider is a complex process with multiple factors interplaying. Evidence synthesis indicates the need to prepare health systems for possible geographic shifts in snakebite burden due to climate change. The overview of systematic reviews identified gaps in the evidence ecosystem. By developing a COS for future intervention research on snakebite treatments, I addressed the gap of non-standardised measurement of outcomes. Conclusion The findings of the thesis, provides contextually relevant evidence aligned with pillars of the WHO strategy, to practice and policy at global, national, sub-national, and program level. The policy analysis and COS work provides broader methodological insights, beyond snakebite
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