Production and application of textile materials

This specialized publication is dedicated to technical and technological solutions in textile production. Engineering solutions in the production of fibers and fabrics for both technical and domestic use are considered. Particular attention in the book is given to the study of textile products for biomedical applications. Modern medical fabrics and fibers are used as dressing and suture material and significantly accelerate the recovery processes after surgical operations and burn injuries. Fibers and fabrics are currently often used as a reinforcing element in the production of various composite materials, which are often used in mechanical engineering and in the construction sector. A separate chapter is devoted to textile reinforcing materials. Environmental problems in textile production are mainly related to the dyeing process and the chemical treatment of fabrics and fibers. Some aspects of textile dyeing and wastewater treatment processes are also discussed in this publication. The book will be useful to specialists involved in textile production and related industries

The CHEMARTS cookbook

How can we make flexible and transparent wood-based materials? What kinds of materials can we derive from trees, while still respecting the preciousness of nature? Could the innovative use of renewable cellulosic materials change our material world? The CHEMARTS Cookbook gives both simple and more advanced ideas and recipes for hands-on experiments with wood-based materials. The book showcases the most interesting explorations focusing on raw materials that are processed either chemically or mechanically from trees or other plants: cellulose fibres, micro- or nano-structured fibrils, cellulose derivatives, lignin, bark and wood extractives. Get inspired, test our recipes either at workshops or chemistry labs, and develop your own experiments

Värit kiertotaloudessa

This thesis presents a research that explores the possibilities of colours in the circular economy of textiles. Waste fabrics of various origins serve as a starting point: their colours’ potential for circularity is studied and possible areas of application are evaluated. The research is conducted as part of the EU-funded, multi-disciplinary project Trash2Cash, and uses the recently developed cellulose dissolution and regeneration process Ioncell-F as a key method to demonstrate colour circulation from discarded textile to fibres of the next generation. Methods used in this research include a literature overview that addresses key issues of sustainability in modern cellulosic material production and textile dyeing. The literature overview also offers theoretical background knowledge of the circular economy and the role of colour in various areas of fashion. Dyeing and fibre remanufacturing practices that could be applied to regenerated dyed textiles are charted through interviews and personal communication with professionals. Prototypes demonstrate various regeneration behaviours of textile dyes. These behaviours are examined and some of them are placed into a speculative context. The result is a theoretical dye concept, which is intended to be applied to both pre-consumer and post-consumer textiles. The concept provides guidelines for the minimal use of virgin materials and dyestuff and contributes to the systemic regenerative principles of circular economy. This study could help to define the parameters of a circular economy product more accurately in terms of its efficiency in remanufacturing. Dyed fabrics could be seen not only as raw material for the next generation of fibres, but as their colorant as well. Future colour designers could get creative with mixing and coordinating colours: creating colour stories from existing discarded textiles might be an interesting and challenging new job description for a professional working closely with colour design or colour forecasting. The research at hand could thus cater to the constant demand for new colours without compromising principles of sustainability.Tässä opinnäytetyössä tutkitaan värejä tekstiilien kiertotaloudessa. Työn lähtökohtana ovat värjätyt kankaat, tekstiilivärien kierrätys materiaalikierrätyksen yhteydessä sekä sen mahdolliset sovellusalueet. Tutkimus on toteutettu osana EU-rahoitteista, monialaista hanketta Trash2Cash. Tutkimuksen testiosuudessa käytetään hiljattain kehitettyä selluloosan liuotukseen ja regenerointiin perustuvaa Ioncell-F -prosessia havainnollistamaan värien kiertoa hävitettävästä tekstiilistä uuden sukupolven kuituun. Tutkimusmenetelmiin kuuluu kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa käsitellään mm. selluloosamateriaalien tuotantoon sekä tekstiilivärjäämiseen liittyvät ympäristöongelmat. Kirjallisuudesta haetaan myös tietoa kiertotaloudesta ja värien roolista muodin eri aloilla. Tekstiilivärjäämiseen ja kuitujen talteenottoon liittyviä käytänteitä pyritään selvittämään haastatteluilla ja keskusteluilla alan ammattilaisten kanssa.Testiosuudessa valmistetaan prototyyppejä, jotka havainnollistavat tekstiilivärien käyttäytymistä kemiallisessa uusiovalmistuksessa. Prototyyppien käsittelyssä tapahtuvat väri-ilmiöt dokumentoidaan ja niistä muutama sijoitetaan spekulatiiviseen kontekstiin. Työssä esitetään värikonsepti, joka perustuu edellä mainituin keinoin kerättyyn tietoon ja on suunniteltu sovellettavaksi sekä käyttämättömiin jätekankaisiin että kulutuskäytössä olleeseen tekstiilijätteeseen. Konsepti ohjaa neitseellisten raaka-aineiden ja väriaineiden käytön minimointiin, sekä keskittyy kiertotalousajattelulle ominaiseen uusiutuvuuteen. Tämä tutkimus voi määrittää tarkemmin kiertotaloustuotteen parametrit. Värjätyt kankaat voivat toimia raaka-aineen lisäksi myös väriaineena seuraavan sukupolven kuiduille. Tutkimuksessa kehitetyt värikonseptiehdotukset pyrkivät antamaan ohjeita hävitettävien tekstiilimateriaalien uudelleenvalmistukselle ja värisuunnittelijat voivat sen yhteydessä soveltaa luovuuttaan uusien värien sekoittamisessa sekä värimaailmojen ideoimisessa. Konsepti enteilee mielenkiintoista ja haastavaa uutta työnkuvaa asiantuntijoille, jotka työskentelevät värien tai väriennustamisen parissa. Uusia värejä kaivataan jatkuvasti, ja tämä tutkimus voisi tarjota lähestymistavan niiden tuottamiseen tekstiileissä kestävän kehityksen periaatteet huomioiden

Sustainable Fashion and Textile Recycling

The clothing and textile industry is a resource-intensive industry and accounts for 3 to 10 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, the industry is extremely linear and generates large amounts of waste. For the industry to move from a linear to a circular economy, several solutions are required along the value chain: upstream by working with resource efficiency, the longevity of textile products, and preventing waste; and downstream with techniques for sorting and recycling. In addition, solutions for traceability and transparency need to be developed and coordinated as accepted methods for sustainability measurements. This Special Issue (SI) "Sustainable Fashion and Textile Recycling" brings together areas of knowledge along the textile value chain to highlight the difficulties and opportunities that exist from both a broader perspective and in specific issues. In this SI, these 11 papers are mainly devoted to new research in traceability, design, textile production, and recycling. Each valuable article included in this Special Issue contributes fundamental knowledge for a transformation of the textile and fashion industry to take place. Numerous studies, solutions, and ideas need to be carried out to create the innovations that will become the reality of our future. Likewise, we need to learn from each other and take advantage of all the fantastic knowledge that is generated globally every day towards a better future for generations to come

Low-cost home furnishings

Interior furnishings for an entire apartment were constructed at a low cost by using ordinarily discarded objects as the basis for construction. Approximately thirty dollars was spent for the items used such as stain, glue, grout, and rope. This thirty dollars included all the expenses with the exception of the labor, and was considerably less than the $1,600 cited in the introduction as the minimum amount required to start housekeeping in such an apartment. The discarded objects used included crates, screen doors, tires, kegs, cans, baskets, and wire spools. These were categorized by rectilinear and cylindrical shapes and miscellaneous items. Such furnishings as sofas, tables, room dividers, and beds were made from discarded objects in each of these categories. These were described and illustrated by photographs. A floor plan of an apartment furnished entirely from the objects constructed was included. The results of this study could be used for ideas for furnishing an entire house or apartment or individual ideas could be used to make accent pieces to complement acquired furnishings. These ideas might be helpful to low-income groups, for example those who would be moving into new housing units such as the Turnkey projects, and to people in any income level who are interested in creating their own Interior furnishings

Sustainable Materials in the Creative Industries: A scoping report for the AHRC (Redacted Version)

This report contains the results of a twelve-month scoping study of current sustainable practice around materials across the creative industries. The project team has explored current and immanent sustainable practice around the sourcing, use, disposal, reuse, recycling, and upcycling of materials, to help understand the creative sector's ongoing responses and its current and potential contribution to the development of a circular economy. It provides a snapshot of practice and perceptions around material sustainability in the creative industries, identifying existing trends and showcasing cutting-edge developments, as well as flagging sector-wide and discipline specific barriers that will have to be negotiated or addressed to achieve widespread sustainably orientated practice

A Cultural History of Chemistry in Antiquity

This open access bookA Cultural History of Chemistry in Antiquity covers the period from 3000 BCE to 600 CE, ranging across the civilizations of the Mediterranean and Near East. Over this long period, chemical artisans, recipes, and ideas were exchanged between Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia, Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. The flowering of alchemy in the Middle and Early Modern Ages had its roots in the chemical arts of antiquity. This study presents the first synthesis of this epoch, examining the centrality of intense exchange and interconnectivity to the discovery and development of sources, techniques, materials, and instruments. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Marco Beretta is Professor of History of Science at the University of Bologna, Italy. Volume 1 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set. General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA. The open access edition of this book is available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the European Research Council

Toxins in the Collection: Museum Awareness and Protection

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss museum policies regarding toxic materials used in the creation of an object or added to it as a preservation or pesticide technique. After surveying different museums, it has been found that many museums are unaware of what parts of their collections contain toxic materials. Because of this unfamiliarity with the danger these materials might pose, many museums to not have policies in place regarding them. Toxins in collection items may pose a threat to museum staff who are working with them on a day to day basis. Toxic materials are prevalent in any number of collections: this thesis focuses on three areas where toxic materials play a major part in the creation or their prolonging their life in museums. Lack of documentation of toxic materials in museum collection records can lead to mishandling of objects containing toxic materials and the potential for contamination by museum staff. This thesis argues that museums need to create safety plans that identify the toxic materials found in their collections, and develop training protocols to educate and protect staff members handling these objects, including providing protective equipment that will allow staff members to handle toxins without fear of contamination